{"id":60,"date":"2016-05-16T19:57:22","date_gmt":"2016-05-16T19:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level3-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=60"},"modified":"2020-07-01T20:07:46","modified_gmt":"2020-07-01T20:07:46","slug":"1-4-supporting-claims-text","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/chapter\/1-4-supporting-claims-text\/","title":{"raw":"Rhetorical Appeals: Supporting Your Claim with Logos, Ethos, and Pathos","rendered":"Rhetorical Appeals: Supporting Your Claim with Logos, Ethos, and Pathos"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Kinds of Support Authors Use<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Writers are generally most successful with their audiences when they can skillfully and appropriately balance the\u00a0three core types of appeals. These appeals are referred to by their Greek names:\u00a0<strong>logos<\/strong> (the appeal to logic), <strong>pathos<\/strong> (the appeal to emotion), and <strong>ethos<\/strong> (the appeal to authority).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p2\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-230 \" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/05\/16193141\/Ethos-Pathos-Logos.jpg\" alt=\"Graphic. Central green circle reads &quot;Persuasion.&quot; Three circles connect out from it: at the top, a purple one reads &quot;Ethos \/ trust \/ authority.&quot; Bottom right, in blue, &quot;Pathos \/ emotion \/ beliefs.&quot; Bottom left, in turquoise, &quot;Logos \/ logic \/ reasoning.&quot;\" width=\"520\" height=\"414\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"p2\">Logical Appeals<\/h2>\r\nAuthors using logic to support their claims will include a combination of different types of evidence. These include the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>established\u00a0facts<\/li>\r\n \t<li>case studies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>statistics<\/li>\r\n \t<li>experiments<\/li>\r\n \t<li>analogies and logical reasoning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>citation of recognized experts on the issue<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Authoritative Appeals<\/h2>\r\nAuthors using authority to support their claims can also draw from a variety of techniques. These include the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>personal anecdotes<\/li>\r\n \t<li>illustration of deep knowledge on the issue<\/li>\r\n \t<li>citation of recognized experts on the issue<\/li>\r\n \t<li>testimony of those involved first-hand on the issue<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Emotional Appeals<\/h2>\r\nAuthors using emotion to support their claims again have a deep well of options to do so. These include the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>personal anecdotes<\/li>\r\n \t<li>narratives<\/li>\r\n \t<li>impact studies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>testimony of those involved first-hand on the issue<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAs you can see, there is some overlap on these lists. One technique might work on two or more different levels.\r\n\r\nMost texts rely on one of the three as the primary method of support, but may also draw upon one or two others at the same time.\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><\/p>","rendered":"<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Kinds of Support Authors Use<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Writers are generally most successful with their audiences when they can skillfully and appropriately balance the\u00a0three core types of appeals. These appeals are referred to by their Greek names:\u00a0<strong>logos<\/strong> (the appeal to logic), <strong>pathos<\/strong> (the appeal to emotion), and <strong>ethos<\/strong> (the appeal to authority).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-230\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/05\/16193141\/Ethos-Pathos-Logos.jpg\" alt=\"Graphic. Central green circle reads &quot;Persuasion.&quot; Three circles connect out from it: at the top, a purple one reads &quot;Ethos \/ trust \/ authority.&quot; Bottom right, in blue, &quot;Pathos \/ emotion \/ beliefs.&quot; Bottom left, in turquoise, &quot;Logos \/ logic \/ reasoning.&quot;\" width=\"520\" height=\"414\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p2\">Logical Appeals<\/h2>\n<p>Authors using logic to support their claims will include a combination of different types of evidence. These include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>established\u00a0facts<\/li>\n<li>case studies<\/li>\n<li>statistics<\/li>\n<li>experiments<\/li>\n<li>analogies and logical reasoning<\/li>\n<li>citation of recognized experts on the issue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Authoritative Appeals<\/h2>\n<p>Authors using authority to support their claims can also draw from a variety of techniques. These include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>personal anecdotes<\/li>\n<li>illustration of deep knowledge on the issue<\/li>\n<li>citation of recognized experts on the issue<\/li>\n<li>testimony of those involved first-hand on the issue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Emotional Appeals<\/h2>\n<p>Authors using emotion to support their claims again have a deep well of options to do so. These include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>personal anecdotes<\/li>\n<li>narratives<\/li>\n<li>impact studies<\/li>\n<li>testimony of those involved first-hand on the issue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As you can see, there is some overlap on these lists. One technique might work on two or more different levels.<\/p>\n<p>Most texts rely on one of the three as the primary method of support, but may also draw upon one or two others at the same time.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Image of Persuasion. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Mrs. Adcock. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/agi241classes.wikispaces.com\/Fifth+Grade\">https:\/\/agi241classes.wikispaces.com\/Fifth+Grade<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Computer Class AGI241. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Public domain content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Academic Argument Essay. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Radford University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lcubbison.pressbooks.com\/chapter\/core-101-academic-argument-essay\/\">http:\/\/lcubbison.pressbooks.com\/chapter\/core-101-academic-argument-essay\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Core Handbook. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of Persuasion\",\"author\":\"Mrs. Adcock\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/agi241classes.wikispaces.com\/Fifth+Grade\",\"project\":\"Computer Class AGI241\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"pd\",\"description\":\"Academic Argument Essay\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Radford University\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/lcubbison.pressbooks.com\/chapter\/core-101-academic-argument-essay\/\",\"project\":\"Core Handbook\",\"license\":\"pd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and Adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-60","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry"],"part":1838,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2410,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/revisions\/2410"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1838"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-newpaltz-engcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=60"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}