{"id":504,"date":"2017-10-26T14:20:25","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T14:20:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunynutrition\/?post_type=chapter&p=504"},"modified":"2017-11-13T19:55:13","modified_gmt":"2017-11-13T19:55:13","slug":"6-26-electron-transport-chain","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/6-26-electron-transport-chain\/","title":{"raw":"6.26 Electron Transport Chain","rendered":"6.26 Electron Transport Chain"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\nThe electron transport chain is located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria, as shown below.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"]\"\" Figure 6.261 The pathways involved in aerobic respiration1<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe electron transport chain contains a number of electron carriers. These carriers take the electrons from NADH and FADH2, pass them down the chain of complexes and electron carriers, and ultimately produce ATP. More specifically, the electron transport chain takes the energy from the electrons on NADH and FADH2 to pump protons (H+) into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient between the intermembrane space (high) and the matrix (low) of the mitochondria. ATP synthase uses the energy from this gradient to synthesize ATP. Oxygen is required for this process because it serves as the final electron acceptor, forming water. Collectively this process is known as oxidative phosphorylation. The following figure and animation do a nice job of illustrating how the electron transport chain functions.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"963\"]\"\" Figure 6.262 Location of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria2<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/colgroup>\r\n\r\n\r\n

Web Link<\/h3>\r\n\r\nETC Animation<\/u><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n2.5 ATP\/NADH and 1.5 ATP\/FADH2 are produced in the electron transport chain. Some\u00a0 resources will say 3 ATP\/NADH and 2 ATP\/FADH2, but these values are generally less accepted now.\r\n\r\nFor one molecule of glucose, the preceding pathways produce:\r\n\r\nGlycolysis:\u00a0 \u00a02 NADH\r\n\r\nTransition Reaction:\u00a0 2 NADH\r\n\r\nCitric Acid Cycle: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6 NADH, 2 FADH<\/u>2<\/u>\r\n\r\nTotal 10 NADH, 2 FADH2\r\n\r\nMultiply that by the amount of ATP per NADH or FADH2 to yield:\r\n\r\n10 NADH\u00a0 X\u00a0 2.5 ATP\/NADH = 25 ATP\r\n\r\n\u00a0 2 FADH<\/u>2<\/u> X 1.5 ATP\/FADH<\/u>2<\/u>\u00a0 =\u00a0 3 ATP<\/u>\r\n\r\nTotal 28 ATP\r\n\r\nThe first video does a nice job of illustrating and reviewing the electron transport chain. Note that it uses 3 ATP\/NADH and 2 ATP\/FADH2 so the totals from each cycle are different from those listed above. The second video is a great rap video explaining the steps of glucose oxidation.\r\n<\/colgroup>\r\n\r\n\r\n

Web Links<\/h3>\r\n\r\nVideo: Electron Transport (1:43)<\/u><\/a>\r\n\r\nVideo: Oxidate it or Love it\/Electron to the Next One (3:23)<\/u><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

References & Links<\/h3>\r\n\r\n1. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CellRespiration.svg\r\n\r\n2. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mitochondrial_electron_transport_chain%E2%80%94Etc4.svg\r\n\r\n

Link<\/h3>\r\n\r\nETC Animation - http:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/departments\/Biology\/Bio231\/etc.html\r\n\r\n

Videos<\/h3>\r\n\r\nElectron Transport Chain - http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1engJR_XWVU&feature=related\r\n\r\nOxidate it or Love it\/Electron to the Next One - http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY&feature=response_watch\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n

The electron transport chain is located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria, as shown below.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6.261 The pathways involved in aerobic respiration1<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The electron transport chain contains a number of electron carriers. These carriers take the electrons from NADH and FADH2, pass them down the chain of complexes and electron carriers, and ultimately produce ATP. More specifically, the electron transport chain takes the energy from the electrons on NADH and FADH2 to pump protons (H+) into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient between the intermembrane space (high) and the matrix (low) of the mitochondria. ATP synthase uses the energy from this gradient to synthesize ATP. Oxygen is required for this process because it serves as the final electron acceptor, forming water. Collectively this process is known as oxidative phosphorylation. The following figure and animation do a nice job of illustrating how the electron transport chain functions.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6.262 Location of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
\n

Web Link<\/h3>\n

ETC Animation<\/u><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.5 ATP\/NADH and 1.5 ATP\/FADH2 are produced in the electron transport chain. Some\u00a0 resources will say 3 ATP\/NADH and 2 ATP\/FADH2, but these values are generally less accepted now.<\/p>\n

For one molecule of glucose, the preceding pathways produce:<\/p>\n

Glycolysis:\u00a0 \u00a02 NADH<\/p>\n

Transition Reaction:\u00a0 2 NADH<\/p>\n

Citric Acid Cycle: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6 NADH, 2 FADH<\/u>2<\/u><\/p>\n

Total 10 NADH, 2 FADH2<\/p>\n

Multiply that by the amount of ATP per NADH or FADH2 to yield:<\/p>\n

10 NADH\u00a0 X\u00a0 2.5 ATP\/NADH = 25 ATP<\/p>\n

\u00a0 2 FADH<\/u>2<\/u> X 1.5 ATP\/FADH<\/u>2<\/u>\u00a0 =\u00a0 3 ATP<\/u><\/p>\n

Total 28 ATP<\/p>\n

The first video does a nice job of illustrating and reviewing the electron transport chain. Note that it uses 3 ATP\/NADH and 2 ATP\/FADH2 so the totals from each cycle are different from those listed above. The second video is a great rap video explaining the steps of glucose oxidation.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
\n

Web Links<\/h3>\n

Video: Electron Transport (1:43)<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

Video: Oxidate it or Love it\/Electron to the Next One (3:23)<\/u><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

References & Links<\/h3>\n

1. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CellRespiration.svg<\/p>\n

2. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mitochondrial_electron_transport_chain%E2%80%94Etc4.svg<\/p>\n

Link<\/h3>\n

ETC Animation – http:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/departments\/Biology\/Bio231\/etc.html<\/p>\n

Videos<\/h3>\n

Electron Transport Chain – http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1engJR_XWVU&feature=related<\/p>\n

Oxidate it or Love it\/Electron to the Next One – http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY&feature=response_watch<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>