{"id":752,"date":"2017-10-26T16:20:39","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T16:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunynutrition\/?post_type=chapter&p=752"},"modified":"2017-11-14T16:25:18","modified_gmt":"2017-11-14T16:25:18","slug":"10-6-pantothenic-acid","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/10-6-pantothenic-acid\/","title":{"raw":"10.6 Pantothenic Acid","rendered":"10.6 Pantothenic Acid"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\nPantothenic acid has two roles in the body:\r\n\r\n1. It is part of coenzyme A (CoA)\r\n\r\n2. It is part of acyl carrier protein\r\n\r\n

1. Coenzyme A<\/h3>\r\n\r\nThe structure of pantothenic acid is shown alone below and circled within coenzyme A.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"249\"]\"\" Figure 10.61 The structure of pantothenic acid1<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"790\"]\"\" Figure 10.62 The structure of coenzyme A (CoA) with the pantothenic acid circled2<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe functions of CoA are shown and described below3<\/sup>.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1128\"]\"\" Figure 10.63 Acetyl-CoA is a central point in metabolism, and contains CoA4<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"921\"]\"\" Figure 10.64 CoA is used in fatty acid oxidation. The fatty acid is activated by adding CoA, forming acyl-CoA.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1110\"]\"\" Figure 10.65 Fatty acid synthesis uses CoA5<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

2. Acyl Carrier Protein<\/h3>\r\n\r\nAcyl carrier protein, is also important in fatty acid synthesis3<\/sup>.\r\n\r\nMost pantothenic acid in food is found as CoA, which is cleaved prior to absorption. It is then taken up into the enterocyte through the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) as shown below. Approximately 50% of pantothenic acid is absorbed; it is excreted primarily in urine3<\/sup>.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1102\"]\"\" Figure 10.66 The absorption of pantothenic acid[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nDeficiency of pantothenic acid is very rare. Pantothenic acid supplementation did relieve the symptoms (burning feet and numbness of toes) of \"burning feet syndrome\" in prisoners in World War II6<\/sup>. It is believed pantothenic acid deficiency was the cause of this syndrome. Other symptoms noted are vomiting, fatigue, weakness, restlessness, and irritability3. No toxicity has been reported.\r\n\r\n

References & Links<\/h3>\r\n\r\n1. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pantothenic_acid_structure.svg\r\n\r\n2. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Coenzym_A.svg\r\n\r\n3. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. (2008) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.\r\n\r\n4. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CellRespiration.svg\r\n\r\n5. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Animal_mitochondrion_diagram_en_%28edit%29.svg\r\n\r\n6. Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, editors. (2006) Modern nutrition in health and disease. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n

Pantothenic acid has two roles in the body:<\/p>\n

1. It is part of coenzyme A (CoA)<\/p>\n

2. It is part of acyl carrier protein<\/p>\n

1. Coenzyme A<\/h3>\n

The structure of pantothenic acid is shown alone below and circled within coenzyme A.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 10.61 The structure of pantothenic acid1<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 10.62 The structure of coenzyme A (CoA) with the pantothenic acid circled2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The functions of CoA are shown and described below3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 10.63 Acetyl-CoA is a central point in metabolism, and contains CoA4<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 10.64 CoA is used in fatty acid oxidation. The fatty acid is activated by adding CoA, forming acyl-CoA.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 10.65 Fatty acid synthesis uses CoA5<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2. Acyl Carrier Protein<\/h3>\n

Acyl carrier protein, is also important in fatty acid synthesis3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Most pantothenic acid in food is found as CoA, which is cleaved prior to absorption. It is then taken up into the enterocyte through the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) as shown below. Approximately 50% of pantothenic acid is absorbed; it is excreted primarily in urine3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 10.66 The absorption of pantothenic acid<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Deficiency of pantothenic acid is very rare. Pantothenic acid supplementation did relieve the symptoms (burning feet and numbness of toes) of “burning feet syndrome” in prisoners in World War II6<\/sup>. It is believed pantothenic acid deficiency was the cause of this syndrome. Other symptoms noted are vomiting, fatigue, weakness, restlessness, and irritability3. No toxicity has been reported.<\/p>\n

References & Links<\/h3>\n

1. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pantothenic_acid_structure.svg<\/p>\n

2. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Coenzym_A.svg<\/p>\n

3. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. (2008) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.<\/p>\n

4. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CellRespiration.svg<\/p>\n

5. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Animal_mitochondrion_diagram_en_%28edit%29.svg<\/p>\n

6. Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, editors. (2006) Modern nutrition in health and disease. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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