{"id":360,"date":"2017-08-28T17:41:26","date_gmt":"2017-08-28T17:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/tables\/"},"modified":"2017-09-05T19:46:59","modified_gmt":"2017-09-05T19:46:59","slug":"tables","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/tables\/","title":{"raw":"Tables","rendered":"Tables"},"content":{"raw":"<span style=\"color: #000000\">In this section, we provide guidelines and recommendations for formatting tables.\r\n<\/span>\r\n<h2>What Are Tables?<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Tables<\/strong>: In this context,\u00a0we are referring to<strong> data tables, <\/strong>which are tables that include row and\/or column header information to categorize content)\r\n\r\n<strong>File types<\/strong>: .doc, .html, .pdf\r\n<h1>Before You Begin<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Are Your Tables Simple or Complex?<\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">A <a title=\"Simple tables\" href=\"#simple\">simple table<\/a> includes a maximum of one header column and\/or one header row. A\u00a0complex table includes more than one header column and\/or header row, and may include\u00a0merged or split cells.[footnote]AccessAbility: Accessibility and Usability at Penn State. Table Headers and Captions. Accessed from: http:\/\/accessibility.psu.edu\/tables[\/footnote] <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">We recommend you make every effort to keep\u00a0data tables as simple in structure as possible. The more complex the design of a data table, the less accessible it will be for some students using screen-reading technology to access their textbook materials. Screen readers move left-to-right, top-to-bottom, one cell at a time, and because a screen reader does not repeat a cell, merging or splitting cells\u00a0may affect the reading order of a table.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Who Are You Doing This For?<\/h3>\r\nThis work supports students who:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Are blind or have low vision, for example <a title=\"Full description of Jacob's profile\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/using-personas#Jacob\">Jacob<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have a form of\u00a0cognitive disability, for example <a title=\"Full description of Jacob's profile\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/using-personas#Ann\">Ann<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_453\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/persona2.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-453\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2213\/2017\/08\/28174107\/persona2.jpg\" alt=\"Profile of Anne\" width=\"500\" height=\"307\" \/><\/a> Profile of Anne, original Artwork by BCcampus[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>What Do You Need To Do?<\/h1>\r\nIn the same way that your <a title=\"see Organizing Content section of this toolkit\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/organizing-content\/\">content hierarchy needs true headings and structure<\/a>, tables need a properly defined structure to be accessible. This means that you must add row and column headers to define the different sections of data. Screen readers read tables horizontally \u2013 cell by cell, row by row \u2013 and row and column headers help give the context of the data in each cell to students who are blind, have low vision, or have a cognitive disability.\r\n<h2><a id=\"Simple\"><\/a>Creating Simple Tables<\/h2>\r\nA simple table includes:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>A table title or caption<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Maximum of one row of column headers and\/or maximum of one column of row headers<\/li>\r\n \t<li>No merged or split cells<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Adequate cell padding for visual learners.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<strong>Example<\/strong>:\r\n\r\nThe table below is a simple table. Reviewed against the preceding requirements list, this table:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Includes\u00a0a\u00a0<strong>title <\/strong>(Spring Blossoms)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Has one row\u00a0in which cells are\u00a0tagged as <strong>column headers <\/strong>(Colour Family, Bulbs, Shrubs, Trees), and one column (beginning on the second row) in which the cells are tagged as <strong>row headers <\/strong>(Pink, Yellow)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Contains no merged or split cells<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Has adequate <strong>cell padding<\/strong>\u00a0to provide space buffering around the data in each cell. (Cell padding in this table is set at \"10\").<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<table style=\"border-color: #000000;width: 500px;border-spacing: 0px\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"10\"><caption>Spring Blossoms<\/caption>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th scope=\"col\">Colour Family<\/th>\r\n<th scope=\"col\">Bulbs<\/th>\r\n<th scope=\"col\">Shrubs<\/th>\r\n<th scope=\"col\">Trees<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th scope=\"row\">Pink<\/th>\r\n<td>Tulips<\/td>\r\n<td>Flowering currant<\/td>\r\n<td>Ornamental plum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th scope=\"row\">Yellow<\/th>\r\n<td>\u00a0Daffodils<\/td>\r\n<td>Forsythia<\/td>\r\n<td>Star magnolia<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFor a student accessing the table through a screen reader, the first row of data will be presented along the lines of:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Pink, Bulbs: Tulips<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pink, Shrubs: Flowering currant<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pink, Trees: Ornamental plum<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">In this section, we provide guidelines and recommendations for formatting tables.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>What Are Tables?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Tables<\/strong>: In this context,\u00a0we are referring to<strong> data tables, <\/strong>which are tables that include row and\/or column header information to categorize content)<\/p>\n<p><strong>File types<\/strong>: .doc, .html, .pdf<\/p>\n<h1>Before You Begin<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Are Your Tables Simple or Complex?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">A <a title=\"Simple tables\" href=\"#simple\">simple table<\/a> includes a maximum of one header column and\/or one header row. A\u00a0complex table includes more than one header column and\/or header row, and may include\u00a0merged or split cells.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"AccessAbility: Accessibility and Usability at Penn State. Table Headers and Captions. Accessed from: http:\/\/accessibility.psu.edu\/tables\" id=\"return-footnote-360-1\" href=\"#footnote-360-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">We recommend you make every effort to keep\u00a0data tables as simple in structure as possible. The more complex the design of a data table, the less accessible it will be for some students using screen-reading technology to access their textbook materials. Screen readers move left-to-right, top-to-bottom, one cell at a time, and because a screen reader does not repeat a cell, merging or splitting cells\u00a0may affect the reading order of a table.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Who Are You Doing This For?<\/h3>\n<p>This work supports students who:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Are blind or have low vision, for example <a title=\"Full description of Jacob's profile\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/using-personas#Jacob\">Jacob<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Have a form of\u00a0cognitive disability, for example <a title=\"Full description of Jacob's profile\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/using-personas#Ann\">Ann<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_453\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/persona2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-453\" class=\"wp-image-453\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2213\/2017\/08\/28174107\/persona2.jpg\" alt=\"Profile of Anne\" width=\"500\" height=\"307\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-453\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Profile of Anne, original Artwork by BCcampus<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>What Do You Need To Do?<\/h1>\n<p>In the same way that your <a title=\"see Organizing Content section of this toolkit\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/organizing-content\/\">content hierarchy needs true headings and structure<\/a>, tables need a properly defined structure to be accessible. This means that you must add row and column headers to define the different sections of data. Screen readers read tables horizontally \u2013 cell by cell, row by row \u2013 and row and column headers help give the context of the data in each cell to students who are blind, have low vision, or have a cognitive disability.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"Simple\"><\/a>Creating Simple Tables<\/h2>\n<p>A simple table includes:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A table title or caption<\/li>\n<li>Maximum of one row of column headers and\/or maximum of one column of row headers<\/li>\n<li>No merged or split cells<\/li>\n<li>Adequate cell padding for visual learners.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>The table below is a simple table. Reviewed against the preceding requirements list, this table:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Includes\u00a0a\u00a0<strong>title <\/strong>(Spring Blossoms)<\/li>\n<li>Has one row\u00a0in which cells are\u00a0tagged as <strong>column headers <\/strong>(Colour Family, Bulbs, Shrubs, Trees), and one column (beginning on the second row) in which the cells are tagged as <strong>row headers <\/strong>(Pink, Yellow)<\/li>\n<li>Contains no merged or split cells<\/li>\n<li>Has adequate <strong>cell padding<\/strong>\u00a0to provide space buffering around the data in each cell. (Cell padding in this table is set at &#8220;10&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table style=\"border-color: #000000;width: 500px;border-spacing: 0px\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<caption>Spring Blossoms<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Colour Family<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Bulbs<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Shrubs<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Trees<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Pink<\/th>\n<td>Tulips<\/td>\n<td>Flowering currant<\/td>\n<td>Ornamental plum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Yellow<\/th>\n<td>\u00a0Daffodils<\/td>\n<td>Forsythia<\/td>\n<td>Star magnolia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For a student accessing the table through a screen reader, the first row of data will be presented along the lines of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pink, Bulbs: Tulips<\/li>\n<li>Pink, Shrubs: Flowering currant<\/li>\n<li>Pink, Trees: Ornamental plum<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-360\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>BC Open Textbook Accessibility Toolkit. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Amanda Coolidge, Sue Doner, and Tara Robertson. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: BCCampus. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/\">https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-360-1\">AccessAbility: Accessibility and Usability at Penn State. Table Headers and Captions. 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