{"id":364,"date":"2017-08-28T17:41:27","date_gmt":"2017-08-28T17:41:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/formulas\/"},"modified":"2017-09-05T19:49:08","modified_gmt":"2017-09-05T19:49:08","slug":"formulas","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/formulas\/","title":{"raw":"Formulas","rendered":"Formulas"},"content":{"raw":"In this section, we review how to add accessible formulas to the content.\r\n<h2>What Are Formulas?<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Formulas include<\/strong>: Math equations or science formulas\r\n\r\n<strong>File types:\u00a0<\/strong> LaTex or MathType\r\n<h1>Before You Begin<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">Who\u00a0Are You Doing This For?<\/span><\/h3>\r\nThis work supports students who:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Are blind or have low vision<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have a form of\u00a0cognitive disability, for example <a title=\"Full description of Mark's Profile\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/using-personas#Mark\">Mark<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have a physical disability<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_452\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/persona3.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-452\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2213\/2017\/08\/28174050\/persona3.png\" alt=\"Profile of Mark\" width=\"500\" height=\"307\" \/><\/a> Profile of Mark, original Artwork by BCcampus[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe following content is a derivative of Equations: Images vs. MathML from Accessibility and Usability at Penn State, <a href=\"http:\/\/accessibility.psu.edu\/equations\">http:\/\/accessibility.psu.edu\/equations<\/a>.\r\n<h1>What Do You Need To Do?<\/h1>\r\nThere are several ways to handle equations from images with ALT tags to MathML. Having access to an equation editor such as MathType or MathMagic can streamline processing and converting equations considerably. These tools are similar to equation editors found in the ANGEL HTML Editor and Microsoft Office.\r\n<h2>MathML<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/sites.psu.edu\/accessibility\/math\/mathml\">Math ML<\/a> is a text-based XML markup language designed for math equations. Browsers that support MathML are able to translate the XML into a formatted equation. Since MathML with MathJax can be rendered in many systems, including HTML, Sites at Penn State, ANGEL and Drupal, it is considered the best choice for accessibility.\r\n\r\nInformation about <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.psu.edu\/accessibility\/math\/mathml\">creating and viewing MathML<\/a> is available on that page.\r\n\r\nMathML may vary from system to system and the content can change rapidly.\r\n<h2>Image with ALT tag<\/h2>\r\nA safe option to create an image of an equation (or export it from an equation editor) and then insert the image into a document with an ALT tag.\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:<\/strong> ALT tags can be written in Nemeth MathSpeak for students who have learned that system.\r\n\r\n<strong>Example 1-- an equation in HTML:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/MM0over.png\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-290\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2213\/2017\/08\/28174127\/MM0over.png\" alt=\"m equals begin fraction m sub 0 over begin square root 1 minus begin fraction v sup 2 over c sup 2 end fraction end square root end fraction\" width=\"217\" height=\"163\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nView the ALT Tag\r\n\r\nALT= \"m equals begin fraction m sub 0 over begin square root 1 minus begin fraction v sup 2 over c sup 2 end fraction end square root end fraction\"\r\n<div id=\"content-region-inner\" class=\"content-region-inner inner\"><\/div>\r\n<h2><a id=\"latex\" name=\"latex\"><\/a>LaTeX<\/h2>\r\nLaTeX is a math markup language familiar to many in the science and math community, but unfortunately it is not currently supported by screen reader technology<b>. <\/b>However,\u00a0it is fairly simple to convert LaTeX to an image or MathML in most equation editors.\r\n\r\nTo import LaTeX, follow these steps in MathMagic and MathType:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Copy a piece of LaTeX code such as\r\n<code> m &amp;= \\frac{m_0}{\\sqrt{1-\\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}<\/code>\r\ninto an equation editor\u2019s main editing window.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The equation should appear fully formated. Make minor adjustments as needed.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nAt the BCcampus user testing, students indicated that it would helpful to have an audio file of the formula or equation. The audio file would be placed beside the formula or equation and would allow the user to hear exactly how the formula or equation is interpreted.\r\n\r\n<strong>Example --\u00a0equation with audio:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/MM0over.png\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-290\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2213\/2017\/08\/28174127\/MM0over.png\" alt=\"m equals begin fraction m sub 0 over begin square root 1 minus begin fraction v sup 2 over c sup 2 end fraction end square root end fraction\" width=\"217\" height=\"163\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n[audio m4a=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/equation.m4a\"][\/audio]\r\n<h2>Additional Resources<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"yt watch-title-container\"><span id=\"eow-title\" class=\"watch-title\" dir=\"ltr\" title=\"Math Accessibility at Portland Community College\"><strong>Math Accessibility at Portland Community College<\/strong>\r\nIn 2012, Portland Community College departments took a closer look at making math accessible to blind students. Read more about the math accessibility study on our website: <a class=\"yt-uix-redirect-link\" title=\"http:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/access\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/access\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/access<\/a>. This video described by Audio Eyes: <a class=\"yt-uix-redirect-link\" title=\"http:\/\/www.audioeyes.com\" href=\"http:\/\/www.audioeyes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http:\/\/www.audioeyes.com<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"yt watch-title-container\"><span class=\"watch-title\" dir=\"ltr\" title=\"Math Accessibility at Portland Community College\">This video is an Open Educational Resource.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/VlMWINOe_5s","rendered":"<p>In this section, we review how to add accessible formulas to the content.<\/p>\n<h2>What Are Formulas?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Formulas include<\/strong>: Math equations or science formulas<\/p>\n<p><strong>File types:\u00a0<\/strong> LaTex or MathType<\/p>\n<h1>Before You Begin<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">Who\u00a0Are You Doing This For?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This work supports students who:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Are blind or have low vision<\/li>\n<li>Have a form of\u00a0cognitive disability, for example <a title=\"Full description of Mark's Profile\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/chapter\/using-personas#Mark\">Mark<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Have a physical disability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_452\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/persona3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-452\" class=\"wp-image-452\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2213\/2017\/08\/28174050\/persona3.png\" alt=\"Profile of Mark\" width=\"500\" height=\"307\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-452\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Profile of Mark, original Artwork by BCcampus<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following content is a derivative of Equations: Images vs. MathML from Accessibility and Usability at Penn State, <a href=\"http:\/\/accessibility.psu.edu\/equations\">http:\/\/accessibility.psu.edu\/equations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h1>What Do You Need To Do?<\/h1>\n<p>There are several ways to handle equations from images with ALT tags to MathML. Having access to an equation editor such as MathType or MathMagic can streamline processing and converting equations considerably. These tools are similar to equation editors found in the ANGEL HTML Editor and Microsoft Office.<\/p>\n<h2>MathML<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.psu.edu\/accessibility\/math\/mathml\">Math ML<\/a> is a text-based XML markup language designed for math equations. Browsers that support MathML are able to translate the XML into a formatted equation. Since MathML with MathJax can be rendered in many systems, including HTML, Sites at Penn State, ANGEL and Drupal, it is considered the best choice for accessibility.<\/p>\n<p>Information about <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.psu.edu\/accessibility\/math\/mathml\">creating and viewing MathML<\/a> is available on that page.<\/p>\n<p>MathML may vary from system to system and the content can change rapidly.<\/p>\n<h2>Image with ALT tag<\/h2>\n<p>A safe option to create an image of an equation (or export it from an equation editor) and then insert the image into a document with an ALT tag.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> ALT tags can be written in Nemeth MathSpeak for students who have learned that system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example 1&#8211; an equation in HTML:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/MM0over.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-290\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2213\/2017\/08\/28174127\/MM0over.png\" alt=\"m equals begin fraction m sub 0 over begin square root 1 minus begin fraction v sup 2 over c sup 2 end fraction end square root end fraction\" width=\"217\" height=\"163\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>View the ALT Tag<\/p>\n<p>ALT= &#8220;m equals begin fraction m sub 0 over begin square root 1 minus begin fraction v sup 2 over c sup 2 end fraction end square root end fraction&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id=\"content-region-inner\" class=\"content-region-inner inner\"><\/div>\n<h2><a id=\"latex\" name=\"latex\"><\/a>LaTeX<\/h2>\n<p>LaTeX is a math markup language familiar to many in the science and math community, but unfortunately it is not currently supported by screen reader technology<b>. <\/b>However,\u00a0it is fairly simple to convert LaTeX to an image or MathML in most equation editors.<\/p>\n<p>To import LaTeX, follow these steps in MathMagic and MathType:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Copy a piece of LaTeX code such as<br \/>\n<code> m &amp;= \\frac{m_0}{\\sqrt{1-\\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}<\/code><br \/>\ninto an equation editor\u2019s main editing window.<\/li>\n<li>The equation should appear fully formated. Make minor adjustments as needed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<p>At the BCcampus user testing, students indicated that it would helpful to have an audio file of the formula or equation. The audio file would be placed beside the formula or equation and would allow the user to hear exactly how the formula or equation is interpreted.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example &#8212;\u00a0equation with audio:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/MM0over.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-290\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2213\/2017\/08\/28174127\/MM0over.png\" alt=\"m equals begin fraction m sub 0 over begin square root 1 minus begin fraction v sup 2 over c sup 2 end fraction end square root end fraction\" width=\"217\" height=\"163\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('audio');<\/script><![endif]--><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-364-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/equation.m4a?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/equation.m4a\">http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/accessibilitytoolkit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2015\/02\/equation.m4a<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<h2>Additional Resources<\/h2>\n<p class=\"yt watch-title-container\"><span id=\"eow-title\" class=\"watch-title\" dir=\"ltr\" title=\"Math Accessibility at Portland Community College\"><strong>Math Accessibility at Portland Community College<\/strong><br \/>\nIn 2012, Portland Community College departments took a closer look at making math accessible to blind students. Read more about the math accessibility study on our website: <a class=\"yt-uix-redirect-link\" title=\"http:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/access\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/access\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/access<\/a>. This video described by Audio Eyes: <a class=\"yt-uix-redirect-link\" title=\"http:\/\/www.audioeyes.com\" href=\"http:\/\/www.audioeyes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http:\/\/www.audioeyes.com<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"yt watch-title-container\"><span class=\"watch-title\" dir=\"ltr\" title=\"Math Accessibility at Portland Community College\">This video is an Open Educational Resource.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Math Accessibility at Portland Community College\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VlMWINOe_5s?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":311,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-364","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":168,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/311"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":398,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/364\/revisions\/398"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/168"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/364\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=364"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=364"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oerguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}