{"id":277,"date":"2021-01-13T14:59:31","date_gmt":"2021-01-13T14:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/chapter\/gramatica-el-presente-progresivo\/"},"modified":"2021-08-09T18:26:06","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T18:26:06","slug":"gramatica-el-presente-progresivo","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/chapter\/gramatica-el-presente-progresivo\/","title":{"raw":"Gram\u00e1tica: El presente progresivo","rendered":"Gram\u00e1tica: El presente progresivo"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Objetivos<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Recognize correct forms of the present progressive<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe present progressive (or continuous) is a compound construction of two verbal forms that cannot be separated by any other word: the auxiliary verb + the gerund. The progressive may be used in different tenses by changing the conjugation of the verb <em>estar<\/em>\u00a0(past, present or future) and leaving the gerund in its intact form.\u00a0 For now let's focus on the present progressive:\r\n\r\nSubject Pronoun + <span lang=\"es\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> (conjugated) + gerund\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5622\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-5622 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4475\/2019\/06\/05224706\/bajando-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"sign pointing down stairs reads: &quot;bajando&quot;\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/> bajar = to go down[\/caption]\r\n\r\nWhat's a gerund?\u00a0In English, gerunds all end in\u00a0<i>-ing<\/i>:\u00a0<em>reading<\/em>,\u00a0<em>dancing<\/em>,\u00a0<em>singing<\/em>, etc. (For more on gerunds in English, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/styleguide\/chapter\/gerunds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entry on gerunds in the Guide to Writing<\/a>.)\r\n\r\nIn Spanish, the ending of the gerund depends on the kind of verb:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>for -ar verbs: drop the \u201c-ar\u201d and add\u00a0\u2192 -ando<\/li>\r\n \t<li>for -er and -ir verbs: drop the <span lang=\"es\">\u201c-er\u201d<\/span> or <span lang=\"es\">\u201c-ir\u201d<\/span> and add\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<span lang=\"es\">-iendo<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stem-changing -ir verbs (not -ar or -er verbs!) change their stem vowels as follows: o-u, e-i. Note: verbs that change from e-ie and e-i in the present tense both change e-i in the gerund form.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The gerund of the verb\u00a0<span lang=\"es\"><em>ir<\/em><\/span> is irregular: <span lang=\"es\"><em>yendo.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5620\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"169\"]<img class=\"wp-image-5620 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4475\/2019\/06\/05224322\/subiendo1-169x300.jpeg\" alt=\"Sign reads &quot;sigan subiendo&quot;\" width=\"169\" height=\"300\" \/> sigan = <i>keep, continue<\/i> (plural imperative of \"seguir\"); subir = <i>to go up<\/i>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong><span lang=\"es\">Ejemplos:<\/span><\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>-ar verb:\r\n<ul lang=\"es\">\r\n \t<li>Tom<strong>ar<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 tom<strong>ando\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>taking<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"highlight\">Cant<strong>ar<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 cant<\/span><strong>ando\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>singing<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Comenz<strong>ar<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 comenz<strong>ando<\/strong> (<em>starting<\/em>)\u00a0<strong>\u00a1OJO!<\/strong> Though this has a stem-change in the present it's an -ar verb so its gerund is regular.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>-er verbs:\r\n<ul lang=\"es\">\r\n \t<li>Beb<strong>er<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0beb<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>drinking<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Volv<strong>er<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 volv<strong>iendo<\/strong> (<em>returning<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u00a1OJO!<\/strong> Though \"volver\" has a stem-change in the present, it's an -er verb so its gerund is regular.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>-ir verb:\r\n<ul lang=\"es\">\r\n \t<li>Escrib<strong>ir<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0escrib<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>writing<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>stem-changing -ir verbs:\r\n<ul lang=\"es\">\r\n \t<li>Dorm<strong>ir<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0d<strong>u<\/strong>rm<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>sleeping<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Prefer<strong>ir<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0pref<strong>i<\/strong>r<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>preferring<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Serv<strong>ir<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 s<strong>i<\/strong>rv<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>serving<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>1<sup>a<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>estoy escribiendo<\/td>\r\n<td>estamos escribiendo<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>2<sup>a<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>est\u00e1s escribiendo<\/td>\r\n<td>est\u00e1is escribiendo<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>3<sup>a<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>est\u00e1 escribiendo<\/td>\r\n<td>est\u00e1n escribiendo<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<b>Note:<\/b>\u00a0To form a negative sentence in the present progressive, place the\u00a0<span lang=\"es\"><i>no<\/i><\/span>\u00a0in front of the form of\u00a0<span lang=\"es\"><i>estar<\/i>:\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\">No estoy escribiendo <em>(I am not writing<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nRemember that the\u00a0present progressive is used to express an action in progress at the moment of expression. Note the differences in meaning:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\">Estudio espa\u00f1ol.<\/span><i>\u00a0<\/i><em>(I study Spanish\/I am studying Spanish.<\/em>\u00a0a general description of the\u00a0situation over a period of time: you are taking Spanish as part of your studies this semester.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\">Estoy estudiando espa\u00f1ol.<\/span>\u00a0(<em>I am studying Spanish.<\/em>\u00a0an action in progress right now: you have your book out or a site open and you\u00a0are actively studying a lesson or preparing right now.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Note also:<\/strong> Although in English, the present progressive tense can refer to events in the future (\"We are going to the movies tonight\"), in Spanish the present progressive always refers to ongoing action. For future actions, Spanish uses the present tense or the future tenses.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Vamos al cine este fin de semana. (<em>We're going to the movies this weekend.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Objetivos<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize correct forms of the present progressive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The present progressive (or continuous) is a compound construction of two verbal forms that cannot be separated by any other word: the auxiliary verb + the gerund. The progressive may be used in different tenses by changing the conjugation of the verb <em>estar<\/em>\u00a0(past, present or future) and leaving the gerund in its intact form.\u00a0 For now let&#8217;s focus on the present progressive:<\/p>\n<p>Subject Pronoun + <span lang=\"es\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> (conjugated) + gerund<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5622\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5622\" class=\"wp-image-5622 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4475\/2019\/06\/05224706\/bajando-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"sign pointing down stairs reads: &quot;bajando&quot;\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-5622\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">bajar = to go down<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>What&#8217;s a gerund?\u00a0In English, gerunds all end in\u00a0<i>-ing<\/i>:\u00a0<em>reading<\/em>,\u00a0<em>dancing<\/em>,\u00a0<em>singing<\/em>, etc. (For more on gerunds in English, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/styleguide\/chapter\/gerunds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entry on gerunds in the Guide to Writing<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>In Spanish, the ending of the gerund depends on the kind of verb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>for -ar verbs: drop the \u201c-ar\u201d and add\u00a0\u2192 -ando<\/li>\n<li>for -er and -ir verbs: drop the <span lang=\"es\">\u201c-er\u201d<\/span> or <span lang=\"es\">\u201c-ir\u201d<\/span> and add\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<span lang=\"es\">-iendo<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Stem-changing -ir verbs (not -ar or -er verbs!) change their stem vowels as follows: o-u, e-i. Note: verbs that change from e-ie and e-i in the present tense both change e-i in the gerund form.<\/li>\n<li>The gerund of the verb\u00a0<span lang=\"es\"><em>ir<\/em><\/span> is irregular: <span lang=\"es\"><em>yendo.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_5620\" style=\"width: 179px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5620\" class=\"wp-image-5620 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4475\/2019\/06\/05224322\/subiendo1-169x300.jpeg\" alt=\"Sign reads &quot;sigan subiendo&quot;\" width=\"169\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-5620\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">sigan = <i>keep, continue<\/i> (plural imperative of &#8220;seguir&#8221;); subir = <i>to go up<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"es\">Ejemplos:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-ar verb:\n<ul lang=\"es\">\n<li>Tom<strong>ar<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 tom<strong>ando\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>taking<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"highlight\">Cant<strong>ar<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 cant<\/span><strong>ando\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>singing<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Comenz<strong>ar<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 comenz<strong>ando<\/strong> (<em>starting<\/em>)\u00a0<strong>\u00a1OJO!<\/strong> Though this has a stem-change in the present it&#8217;s an -ar verb so its gerund is regular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>-er verbs:\n<ul lang=\"es\">\n<li>Beb<strong>er<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0beb<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>drinking<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Volv<strong>er<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 volv<strong>iendo<\/strong> (<em>returning<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00a1OJO!<\/strong> Though &#8220;volver&#8221; has a stem-change in the present, it&#8217;s an -er verb so its gerund is regular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>-ir verb:\n<ul lang=\"es\">\n<li>Escrib<strong>ir<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0escrib<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>writing<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>stem-changing -ir verbs:\n<ul lang=\"es\">\n<li>Dorm<strong>ir<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0d<strong>u<\/strong>rm<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>sleeping<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Prefer<strong>ir<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0pref<strong>i<\/strong>r<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>preferring<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Serv<strong>ir<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 s<strong>i<\/strong>rv<strong>iendo\u00a0<\/strong>(<em>serving<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1<sup>a<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>estoy escribiendo<\/td>\n<td>estamos escribiendo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2<sup>a<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>est\u00e1s escribiendo<\/td>\n<td>est\u00e1is escribiendo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3<sup>a<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>est\u00e1 escribiendo<\/td>\n<td>est\u00e1n escribiendo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b>\u00a0To form a negative sentence in the present progressive, place the\u00a0<span lang=\"es\"><i>no<\/i><\/span>\u00a0in front of the form of\u00a0<span lang=\"es\"><i>estar<\/i>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"es\">No estoy escribiendo <em>(I am not writing<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember that the\u00a0present progressive is used to express an action in progress at the moment of expression. Note the differences in meaning:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"es\">Estudio espa\u00f1ol.<\/span><i>\u00a0<\/i><em>(I study Spanish\/I am studying Spanish.<\/em>\u00a0a general description of the\u00a0situation over a period of time: you are taking Spanish as part of your studies this semester.)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\">Estoy estudiando espa\u00f1ol.<\/span>\u00a0(<em>I am studying Spanish.<\/em>\u00a0an action in progress right now: you have your book out or a site open and you\u00a0are actively studying a lesson or preparing right now.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Note also:<\/strong> Although in English, the present progressive tense can refer to events in the future (&#8220;We are going to the movies tonight&#8221;), in Spanish the present progressive always refers to ongoing action. For future actions, Spanish uses the present tense or the future tenses.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vamos al cine este fin de semana. (<em>We&#8217;re going to the movies this weekend.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-277\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Lumen Learning authored content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Gramu00e1tica: El presente progresivo. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: SUNY Oneonta with Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: SUNY Oneonta. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Bajando. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Rachel Zaccaro. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Sigan subiendo. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Rachel Zaccaro. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":141992,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"lumen\",\"description\":\"Gramu00e1tica: El presente progresivo\",\"author\":\"SUNY Oneonta with Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"SUNY Oneonta\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"lumen\",\"description\":\"Bajando\",\"author\":\"Rachel Zaccaro\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"lumen\",\"description\":\"Sigan subiendo\",\"author\":\"Rachel Zaccaro\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"2e69521b-07d4-43e6-9bda-6b6081211293, ebc8b62d-922f-4afd-b5ae-7b7bb6e12222","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-277","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry"],"part":270,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141992"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1003,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/277\/revisions\/1003"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/270"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/277\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=277"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=277"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}