{"id":70,"date":"2021-01-13T14:54:33","date_gmt":"2021-01-13T14:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/chapter\/gramatica-los-pronombres-de-sujeto\/"},"modified":"2021-08-09T18:19:54","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T18:19:54","slug":"gramatica-los-pronombres-de-sujeto","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/chapter\/gramatica-los-pronombres-de-sujeto\/","title":{"raw":"Gram\u00e1tica: Los pronombres de sujeto","rendered":"Gram\u00e1tica: Los pronombres de sujeto"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Objetivos<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Change personal nouns into subject pronouns<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-1606\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4475\/2019\/05\/27024716\/Screen-Shot-2019-06-26-at-7.46.37-PM-300x300.png\" alt=\"Cover of record album called Yo soy usted\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" \/>\r\n<h3 lang=\"es\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Pronombres del sujeto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4064\/2019\/07\/23161651\/1.2.2.0.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span> Pronombres de sujeto<\/h3>\r\nSubject pronouns are words that can be used as the subject of a sentence rather than repeating the noun or name of the thing or person who is doing the action. (<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/styleguide\/chapter\/personal-pronouns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for an explanation of pronouns in English<\/a>)\r\n\r\nIn Spanish, the singular subjects are:\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 66px\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><strong> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4064\/2019\/07\/23161715\/1.2.2.yo_.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>yo<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>I<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><strong><span class=\"translation\" title=\"you\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4064\/2019\/07\/23161705\/1.2.2.tu_.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>t\u00fa<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>you (informal)<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><strong><span class=\"translation\" title=\"you (formal)\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4064\/2019\/07\/23161707\/1.2.2.usted_.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>usted<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>you (formal)<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/el.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>\u00e9l<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>he<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/ella.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>ella<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>she<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nPlural subjects are:\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 44px\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/nosotros.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>nosotros \/ <span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/nosotras.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>nosotras *<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>we<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/vosotros.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>vosotros\u00a0 \/ <span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/vosotras.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>vosotras **<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>you (informal in Spain)<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/ellos.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>ellos\u00a0 \/ <span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/ellas.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>ellas<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>they<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/ustedes.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>ustedes<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>you (formal in Spain; formal and informal elsewhere)<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<em lang=\"es\">*Nosotros<\/em>\u00a0(we) has a feminine\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">nosotras<\/em>\u00a0that is used when the entire group is composed of females. Likewise, <em lang=\"es\">vosotros<\/em> and <em lang=\"es\">ellos<\/em>\u00a0have feminine forms\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">vosotras<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">ellas<\/em>.\r\n\r\n** In Latin America,\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">vosotros<\/em>\u00a0is almost unheard of, and\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">ustedes<\/em>\u00a0is exclusively used for the plural \"you\" in both formal and informal speaking.\r\n\r\nAs society has become more sensitive to questions of gender and sexual identity, people have begun experimenting with ways to adjust the traditional binary-gendered structure of the Spanish language. For now, you should begin by learning the pronouns as used in standard Spanish, as detailed above; click the following link to explore some of the experiments in gender-neutral language that Spanish speakers have been developing.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nonbinary.wiki\/wiki\/Gender_neutral_language_in_Spanish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/nonbinary.wiki\/wiki\/Gender_neutral_language_in_Spanish<\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Here is a more detailed explanation of the subject pronouns in Spanish:<\/h4>\r\nEnglish subject pronouns are divided into the following categories:<strong> first person<\/strong> \u2013 the person speaking, <strong>second person<\/strong> \u2013 the person spoken to, and <strong>third person<\/strong> \u2013 the person spoken about. These categories are further divided into singular and plural. While a similar structure is used in Spanish, there are differences in the way that certain subject pronouns are used.\r\n<h4>First Person<\/h4>\r\nWhile the first person singular\u00a0<em>yo<\/em> works very much like the \"I\" in English, the first personal plural \u201cwe\u201d has two forms in Spanish based on the gender composition of the group. If the group and speaker are all females then the <em>nosotras<\/em> form is used, but if there is a single male in the group, then the <em>nosotros<\/em> form is required. While the Spanish Academy of Languages has suggested recently that this be changed to agree with the gender of the majority, adoption of this will likely take some time in mainstream culture.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Yo<\/strong> soy director.<\/span> (<em>I am a director.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Yo<\/strong> soy canadiense.<\/span> (<em><strong>I<\/strong> am Canadian.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Nosotros<\/strong> somos directores.<\/span> (<strong><em>We<\/em><\/strong> (male or male+female) <em>are directors.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Nosotras<\/strong> somos directoras.<\/span> (<strong><em>We<\/em><\/strong> (all female) <em>are directors.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Second Person<\/h4>\r\nUnlike English, Spanish has four forms for \u201cyou\u201d based on number and the speaker's familiarity with the person or persons who are being addressed.\r\n\r\nThe formal forms <em lang=\"es\">usted<\/em> and <em lang=\"es\">ustedes<\/em> are used to address anyone who you don't know well or individuals for whom you should show respect or deference based on their age, seniority, or position (for example doctors, lawyers, your boss or a new acquaintance).\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Usted<\/strong> es el presidente.<\/span> (<strong><em>You<\/em><\/strong> (formal singular) <em>are the president<\/em>.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Usted<\/strong> es\u00a0muy inteligente.<\/span> (<strong><em>You<\/em><\/strong> (formal singular) <em>are very intelligent<\/em>.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ustedes<\/strong> hablan ingl\u00e9s.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (formal plural) <em>speak English.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\">\u00bf<strong>Ustedes<\/strong> son ingenieros?<\/span> (<em>Are <strong>you<\/strong><\/em> (formal plural) <em>engineers?<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe familiar or informal forms <em lang=\"es\">t\u00fa<\/em>\u00a0(singular) and <em lang=\"es\">vosotros\/as<\/em>\u00a0(plural) are used with anyone that you are on close terms with, for example your family, friends, children, pets, or anyone that you would feel comfortable in calling by their first name only. The <em lang=\"es\">vosotros\/as<\/em> form is utilized strictly in Spain and is not used in Latin America; in its place the Latin Americans use the <em lang=\"es\">ustedes<\/em> form. <em lang=\"es\">Vosotros<\/em> like \u201cnosotros\u201d also has to agree in gender based on the composition of the group.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>T\u00fa<\/strong> eres mi amigo.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (familiar singular) <em>are my friend.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>T\u00fa<\/strong> eres muy inteligente.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (familiar singular) <em>are very intelligent.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Vosotros<\/strong> habl\u00e1is ingl\u00e9s.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (familiar plural: Spain) <em>speak English.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\">\u00bf<strong>Vosotros<\/strong> sois ingenieros?<\/span> (<em>Are <strong>you<\/strong><\/em> (familiar plural: Spain) <em>engineers?<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ustedes<\/strong> hablan ingl\u00e9s.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (familiar plural:LA) <em>speak English.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\">\u00bf<strong>Ustedes<\/strong> son ingenieros?<\/span> (<em>Are <strong>you<\/strong><\/em> (familiar plural:LA) <em>engineers?<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThere are circumstances when you will choose to break the formal vs. informal conventions, however, these alter the meaning of what you are saying.\r\n\r\nIn corporate settings it is always a good idea to use the formal until the individual requests that you use the informal with them. Unlike in the U.S., business interactions in the Spanish speaking world are formal. The use of first name as a sign of friendliness in U.S. and Canadian business interactions is often seen as a sign of disrespect in the Spanish speaking world.\r\n<h4>Third Person<\/h4>\r\nThe third person always agrees in gender and number with the person being talked about. Like <em lang=\"es\">nosotros\/as<\/em>, the masculine plural <em lang=\"es\">ellos<\/em> is used with groups that include a male, while <em lang=\"es\">ellas<\/em> is used with groups made up of entirely females.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>\u00c9l<\/strong> es mi amigo.<\/span> (<em><strong>He<\/strong> is my friend.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ella<\/strong> es mi amiga.<\/span> (<em><strong>She<\/strong> is my friend.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ellos<\/strong> son mis amigos.<\/span> (<em><strong>They<\/strong><\/em> (at least one male) <em>are my friends.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ellas<\/strong> son mis amigas.<\/span> (<em><strong>They<\/strong><\/em> (all female) <em>are my friends.<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Objetivos<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Change personal nouns into subject pronouns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1606\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4475\/2019\/05\/27024716\/Screen-Shot-2019-06-26-at-7.46.37-PM-300x300.png\" alt=\"Cover of record album called Yo soy usted\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 lang=\"es\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Pronombres del sujeto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4064\/2019\/07\/23161651\/1.2.2.0.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span> Pronombres de sujeto<\/h3>\n<p>Subject pronouns are words that can be used as the subject of a sentence rather than repeating the noun or name of the thing or person who is doing the action. (<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/styleguide\/chapter\/personal-pronouns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for an explanation of pronouns in English<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>In Spanish, the singular subjects are:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 66px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><strong> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4064\/2019\/07\/23161715\/1.2.2.yo_.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>yo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>I<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><strong><span class=\"translation\" title=\"you\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4064\/2019\/07\/23161705\/1.2.2.tu_.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>t\u00fa<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>you (informal)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><strong><span class=\"translation\" title=\"you (formal)\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4064\/2019\/07\/23161707\/1.2.2.usted_.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>usted<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>you (formal)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/el.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>\u00e9l<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>he<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/ella.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>ella<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>she<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural subjects are:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 44px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/nosotros.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>nosotros \/ <span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/nosotras.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>nosotras *<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>we<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/vosotros.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>vosotros\u00a0 \/ <span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/vosotras.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>vosotras **<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>you (informal in Spain)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/ellos.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>ellos\u00a0 \/ <span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/ellas.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span>ellas<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>they<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Spanish\/in-text_audio\/U1\/ustedes.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4100\/2019\/03\/22171914\/play.png\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><strong>ustedes<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 11px\"><em>you (formal in Spain; formal and informal elsewhere)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em lang=\"es\">*Nosotros<\/em>\u00a0(we) has a feminine\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">nosotras<\/em>\u00a0that is used when the entire group is composed of females. Likewise, <em lang=\"es\">vosotros<\/em> and <em lang=\"es\">ellos<\/em>\u00a0have feminine forms\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">vosotras<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">ellas<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>** In Latin America,\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">vosotros<\/em>\u00a0is almost unheard of, and\u00a0<em lang=\"es\">ustedes<\/em>\u00a0is exclusively used for the plural &#8220;you&#8221; in both formal and informal speaking.<\/p>\n<p>As society has become more sensitive to questions of gender and sexual identity, people have begun experimenting with ways to adjust the traditional binary-gendered structure of the Spanish language. For now, you should begin by learning the pronouns as used in standard Spanish, as detailed above; click the following link to explore some of the experiments in gender-neutral language that Spanish speakers have been developing.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nonbinary.wiki\/wiki\/Gender_neutral_language_in_Spanish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/nonbinary.wiki\/wiki\/Gender_neutral_language_in_Spanish<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Here is a more detailed explanation of the subject pronouns in Spanish:<\/h4>\n<p>English subject pronouns are divided into the following categories:<strong> first person<\/strong> \u2013 the person speaking, <strong>second person<\/strong> \u2013 the person spoken to, and <strong>third person<\/strong> \u2013 the person spoken about. These categories are further divided into singular and plural. While a similar structure is used in Spanish, there are differences in the way that certain subject pronouns are used.<\/p>\n<h4>First Person<\/h4>\n<p>While the first person singular\u00a0<em>yo<\/em> works very much like the &#8220;I&#8221; in English, the first personal plural \u201cwe\u201d has two forms in Spanish based on the gender composition of the group. If the group and speaker are all females then the <em>nosotras<\/em> form is used, but if there is a single male in the group, then the <em>nosotros<\/em> form is required. While the Spanish Academy of Languages has suggested recently that this be changed to agree with the gender of the majority, adoption of this will likely take some time in mainstream culture.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Yo<\/strong> soy director.<\/span> (<em>I am a director.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Yo<\/strong> soy canadiense.<\/span> (<em><strong>I<\/strong> am Canadian.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Nosotros<\/strong> somos directores.<\/span> (<strong><em>We<\/em><\/strong> (male or male+female) <em>are directors.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Nosotras<\/strong> somos directoras.<\/span> (<strong><em>We<\/em><\/strong> (all female) <em>are directors.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Second Person<\/h4>\n<p>Unlike English, Spanish has four forms for \u201cyou\u201d based on number and the speaker&#8217;s familiarity with the person or persons who are being addressed.<\/p>\n<p>The formal forms <em lang=\"es\">usted<\/em> and <em lang=\"es\">ustedes<\/em> are used to address anyone who you don&#8217;t know well or individuals for whom you should show respect or deference based on their age, seniority, or position (for example doctors, lawyers, your boss or a new acquaintance).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Usted<\/strong> es el presidente.<\/span> (<strong><em>You<\/em><\/strong> (formal singular) <em>are the president<\/em>.)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Usted<\/strong> es\u00a0muy inteligente.<\/span> (<strong><em>You<\/em><\/strong> (formal singular) <em>are very intelligent<\/em>.)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ustedes<\/strong> hablan ingl\u00e9s.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (formal plural) <em>speak English.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\">\u00bf<strong>Ustedes<\/strong> son ingenieros?<\/span> (<em>Are <strong>you<\/strong><\/em> (formal plural) <em>engineers?<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The familiar or informal forms <em lang=\"es\">t\u00fa<\/em>\u00a0(singular) and <em lang=\"es\">vosotros\/as<\/em>\u00a0(plural) are used with anyone that you are on close terms with, for example your family, friends, children, pets, or anyone that you would feel comfortable in calling by their first name only. The <em lang=\"es\">vosotros\/as<\/em> form is utilized strictly in Spain and is not used in Latin America; in its place the Latin Americans use the <em lang=\"es\">ustedes<\/em> form. <em lang=\"es\">Vosotros<\/em> like \u201cnosotros\u201d also has to agree in gender based on the composition of the group.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>T\u00fa<\/strong> eres mi amigo.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (familiar singular) <em>are my friend.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>T\u00fa<\/strong> eres muy inteligente.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (familiar singular) <em>are very intelligent.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Vosotros<\/strong> habl\u00e1is ingl\u00e9s.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (familiar plural: Spain) <em>speak English.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\">\u00bf<strong>Vosotros<\/strong> sois ingenieros?<\/span> (<em>Are <strong>you<\/strong><\/em> (familiar plural: Spain) <em>engineers?<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ustedes<\/strong> hablan ingl\u00e9s.<\/span> (<em><strong>You<\/strong><\/em> (familiar plural:LA) <em>speak English.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\">\u00bf<strong>Ustedes<\/strong> son ingenieros?<\/span> (<em>Are <strong>you<\/strong><\/em> (familiar plural:LA) <em>engineers?<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are circumstances when you will choose to break the formal vs. informal conventions, however, these alter the meaning of what you are saying.<\/p>\n<p>In corporate settings it is always a good idea to use the formal until the individual requests that you use the informal with them. Unlike in the U.S., business interactions in the Spanish speaking world are formal. The use of first name as a sign of friendliness in U.S. and Canadian business interactions is often seen as a sign of disrespect in the Spanish speaking world.<\/p>\n<h4>Third Person<\/h4>\n<p>The third person always agrees in gender and number with the person being talked about. Like <em lang=\"es\">nosotros\/as<\/em>, the masculine plural <em lang=\"es\">ellos<\/em> is used with groups that include a male, while <em lang=\"es\">ellas<\/em> is used with groups made up of entirely females.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>\u00c9l<\/strong> es mi amigo.<\/span> (<em><strong>He<\/strong> is my friend.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ella<\/strong> es mi amiga.<\/span> (<em><strong>She<\/strong> is my friend.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ellos<\/strong> son mis amigos.<\/span> (<em><strong>They<\/strong><\/em> (at least one male) <em>are my friends.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"es\"><strong>Ellas<\/strong> son mis amigas.<\/span> (<em><strong>They<\/strong><\/em> (all female) <em>are my friends.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-70\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Los pronombres sujetos (detailed explanation). <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Athabasca University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ocw.lms.athabascau.ca\/mod\/page\/view.php?id=3122\">https:\/\/ocw.lms.athabascau.ca\/mod\/page\/view.php?id=3122<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Beginner Spanish OER. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Yo soy usted album cover. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1wEqRbLVHW8\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/1wEqRbLVHW8<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube license<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Lumen Learning authored content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Gramu00e1tica: Los pronombres de sujeto. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: SUNY Oneonta with Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: SUNY Oneonta. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":141992,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"lumen\",\"description\":\"Gramu00e1tica: Los pronombres de sujeto\",\"author\":\"SUNY Oneonta with Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"SUNY Oneonta\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Los pronombres sujetos (detailed explanation)\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Athabasca University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ocw.lms.athabascau.ca\/mod\/page\/view.php?id=3122\",\"project\":\"Beginner Spanish OER\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Yo soy usted album cover\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1wEqRbLVHW8\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube license\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"72379a8a-7c22-4d4f-ab93-a647bbbebc96, 3cdc7a11-eb56-4aa4-9c7f-5eea22d717bf","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-70","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry"],"part":59,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141992"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":489,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/revisions\/489"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/59"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oneonta-spanish1-2-print-sp2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=70"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}