{"id":242,"date":"2018-06-19T19:07:40","date_gmt":"2018-06-19T19:07:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-opmanagement\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=242"},"modified":"2018-07-05T15:56:30","modified_gmt":"2018-07-05T15:56:30","slug":"3-4-methods-for-improving-product-service-design","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-opmanagement\/chapter\/3-4-methods-for-improving-product-service-design\/","title":{"raw":"3.4: Methods for Improving Product &amp; Service Design","rendered":"3.4: Methods for Improving Product &amp; Service Design"},"content":{"raw":"<div id=\"page\" class=\"container-fluid\">\r\n<div id=\"page-content\" class=\"row-fluid\"><section id=\"region-main\" class=\"span9 pull-right\">\r\n<div role=\"main\">\r\n<h1>DTUbroadcast: Thomas J. Howard's \"Integrated Product Development\"<\/h1>\r\n<div id=\"pageintro\" class=\"box mod_introbox\">\r\n<div class=\"no-overflow\">\r\n\r\nWatch this video to get an overview of the product development process and the need to improve product and service design. The video is interesting because the speaker walks you through his experience of designing a product for a company. An integrated product development process that includes steps for improving products and services that already exist is important.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/BHRI2FMbG9A\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"box generalbox center clearfix\">\r\n<div>\r\n<h1>Open Ideo for IDEO: \"Introduction to IDEO\"<\/h1>\r\n<div id=\"pageintro\" class=\"box mod_introbox\">\r\n<div class=\"no-overflow\">\r\n\r\nWatch this video about OpenIDEO. This provides information on additional methods for improving product and service design using DQ. IDEO is an exemplar for the innovation process. This website provides you access to a platform that can provide you many tools and connections as you move forward in your career.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/4vV5Z-4VN5w\r\n<h1 class=\"title editable block\"><span class=\"title-prefix\">10.7<\/span> Product Development<\/h1>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_n01\" class=\"learning_objectives editable block\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Learning Objective<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"collins-ch10_s07_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Describe the process of developing a product that meets customer needs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">Like PowerSki, every organization\u2014whether it produces goods or provides services\u2014sees Job 1 as furnishing customers with quality products. The success of a business depends on its ability to identify the unmet needs of consumers and to develop products that meet those needs at a low cost.<span id=\"fwk-collins-fn10_022\" class=\"footnote\">Karl Ulrich and Steven Eppinger, <em class=\"emphasis\">Product Design and Development<\/em>, 2nd ed. (New York: Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000), 3.<\/span> In other words, effective product development results in goods and services that can be sold at a profit. In addition, it results in high-quality products that not only satisfy consumer needs but also can be developed in a timely, cost-efficient manner. Accomplishing these goals entails a collaborative effort by individuals from all areas of an organization: operations management (including representatives from engineering, design, and manufacturing), marketing, accounting, and finance. In fact, companies increasingly assign representatives from various functional areas who work together as a <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">project team<\/a><\/span> throughout the product development processes. This approach allows individuals with varied backgrounds and experience to provide input as the product is being developed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"title editable block\">Product Development Is a Risky Proposition<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">Not surprisingly, developing profitable products is difficult, and the success rate is low. On average, for every successful product, a company has twelve failures. At this rate, the firms on the <em class=\"emphasis\">Fortune<\/em> 1000 list waste over $60 billion a year in research and development.<span id=\"fwk-collins-fn10_023\" class=\"footnote\">Tony Ulwick and John A. Eisenhauer, \u201cPredicting the Success or Failure of a New Product Concept,\u201d <em class=\"emphasis\">The Management Roundtable<\/em>,<a class=\"link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.roundtable.com\/Event_Center\/I@WS\/I@WS_paper3.html\">http:\/\/www.roundtable.com\/Event_Center\/I@WS\/I@WS_paper3.html<\/a> (accessed May 11, 2006).<\/span> There are several reasons why product development is such a risky proposition:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01_l01\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\r\n \t<li><em class=\"emphasis\">Trade-offs<\/em>. You might, for instance, be able to make your jogging shoes lighter than your competitors\u2019, but if you do, they probably won\u2019t wear as well. They could be of higher quality, but that will make them more costly (they might price themselves out of the market).<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em class=\"emphasis\">Time pressure<\/em>. Developing a product can require hundreds of decisions that must be made quickly and with imperfect information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em class=\"emphasis\">Economics<\/em>. Because developing a product requires a lot of time and money, there\u2019s always pressure to make sure that the project not only results in a successful product but also gets it to market at the most opportune time. Failure to be first to market with an otherwise desirable new product can cost a company a great deal of money.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01_p02\" class=\"para editable block\">Even so, organizations continue to dedicate immense resources to developing new products. Your supermarket, for example, can choose from about one hundred thousand items to carry on its shelves\u2014including twenty thousand <em class=\"emphasis\">new<\/em> products every year. Unfortunately, the typical supermarket can stock only thirty thousand products.<span id=\"fwk-collins-fn10_024\" class=\"footnote\">Steve Hannaford, \u201cSlotting Fees and Oligopolies,\u201d <a class=\"link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oligopolywatch.com\/2003\/05\/08.html\">http:\/\/www.oligopolywatch.com\/2003\/05\/08.html<\/a> (accessed May 11, 2006).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01_n01\" class=\"video editable block\">\r\n<h2 class=\"title\">Video Clip<\/h2>\r\nhttp:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/o4YvmN1hvNA\r\n<p class=\"para\">Even the mighty Coca-Cola has had its share of failures\u2014New Coke, anyone?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"title editable block\">The Product Development Process<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">The <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">product development process<\/a><\/span> is a series of activities by which a product idea is transformed into a final product. It can be broken down into the seven steps summarized in <a class=\"xref\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-opmanagement\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=250&amp;action=edit#collins-ch10_s07_s02_f01\">Figure 10.6 \"The Product Development Process\"<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_f01\" class=\"figure large editable block\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"803\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3351\/2018\/06\/19131726\/c6cdc9b6c81ac52626f28fdb16d82d5e.jpg\" alt=\"image\" width=\"803\" height=\"1384\" \/> <em> Figure 10.6 The Product Development Process <\/em>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s01\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Evaluate Opportunities and Select the Best Product Idea<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s01_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">If you\u2019re starting your first business, you might have only one product idea. But existing organizations often have several ideas for new products, as well as improvements to existing ones. Where do they come from? They can come from individuals within the organization or from outside sources, such as customers. Typically, various ideas are reviewed and evaluated by a team of individuals, who identify the most promising ideas for development. They may rely on a variety of criteria: Does the proposed product fill an unmet need of our customers? Will enough people buy our product to make it commercially successful? Do we have the resources and expertise to make it?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s02\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Get Feedback to Refine the Product Concept<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s02_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">From the selected product idea, the team generates an initial <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">product concept<\/a><\/span> that describes what the product might look like and how it might work. Members talk both with other people in the organization and with potential buyers to identify customer needs and the benefits that consumers will get from the product. They study the industry in which the product will be sold and investigate competing products. They brainstorm various <em class=\"emphasis\">product designs<\/em>\u2014that is, the specifications for how the product is to be made, what it\u2019s to look like, and what performance standards it\u2019s to meet.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s02_p02\" class=\"para editable block\">Based on information gathered through this process, the team will revise the product concept, probably pinpointing several alternative models. Then they\u2019ll go back to potential customers and get their feedback on both the basic concept and the various alternatives. Based on this feedback, the team will decide what the product will look like, how it will work, and what features it will have.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s03\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Make Sure the Product Performs and Appeals to Consumers<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s03_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">The team then decides how the product will be made, what components it will require, and how it will be assembled. It will decide whether the product should be made in-house or outsourced to other companies. For products to be made in-house, the team determines where parts will be obtained. During this phase, team members are involved in design work to ensure that the product will be appealing, safe, and easy to use and maintain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s04\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Design with Manufacturing in Mind<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s04_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">As a rule, there\u2019s more than one way to make any product, and some methods are more expensive than others. During the next phase, therefore, the team focuses its attention on making a high-quality product at the lowest possible cost, working to minimize the number of parts and simplify the components. The goal is to build both quality and efficiency into the manufacturing process.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s05\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Build and Test Prototypes<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s05_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">A <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">prototype<\/a><\/span> In the next phase, prototypes are produced and tested to make sure that the product meets the customer needs that it\u2019s supposed to. The team usually begins with a preliminary prototype from which, based on feedback from potential customers, a more sophisticated model will then be developed. The process of building and testing prototypes will continue until the team feels comfortable that it has fashioned the best possible product. The final prototype will be extensively tested by customers to identify any changes that need to be made before the finished product is introduced.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s06\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Ramp Up Production and Run Market Tests<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s06_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">During the production <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">ramp-up stage<\/a><\/span>, employees are trained in manufacturing and assembly processes. Products turned out during this phase are carefully inspected for residual flaws. Samples are often demonstrated or given to potential customers for testing and feedback.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Launch the Product<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">In the final stage, the firm starts ongoing production and makes the product available for widespread distribution.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_n01\" class=\"key_takeaways editable block\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_l01\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>The success of a business depends on its ability to identify the unmet needs of consumers and to develop products that meet those needs at a reasonable cost.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Accomplishing these goals requires a collaborative effort by individuals from all areas of the organization: operations management (including representatives from engineering, design, and manufacturing), marketing, accounting, and finance.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Representatives from these various functional areas often work together as <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">project teams<\/strong> throughout the <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">product development process<\/strong>, which consists of a series of activities that transform a product idea into a final product.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"para\">This process can be broken down into seven steps:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_l02\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Evaluate opportunities and select the best product mix<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Get feedback to refine the <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">product concept<\/strong> that describes what the product might look like and how it might work<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Make sure that the product performs and appeals to consumers<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Design with manufacturing in mind to build both quality and efficiency into the manufacturing process<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Build and test <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">prototypes<\/strong>, or physical models of the product<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Run market tests and enter the <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">ramp-up stage<\/strong> during which employees are trained in the production process<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Launch the product<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_n02\" class=\"exercises editable block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Exercise<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"simpara\">(AACSB) Analysis<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_p02\" class=\"para\">Use your imagination to come up with a hypothetical product idea. Now, identify the steps you\u2019d take to design, develop, and bring your product to market.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div id=\"page\" class=\"container-fluid\">\n<div id=\"page-content\" class=\"row-fluid\">\n<section id=\"region-main\" class=\"span9 pull-right\">\n<div role=\"main\">\n<h1>DTUbroadcast: Thomas J. Howard&#8217;s &#8220;Integrated Product Development&#8221;<\/h1>\n<div id=\"pageintro\" class=\"box mod_introbox\">\n<div class=\"no-overflow\">\n<p>Watch this video to get an overview of the product development process and the need to improve product and service design. The video is interesting because the speaker walks you through his experience of designing a product for a company. An integrated product development process that includes steps for improving products and services that already exist is important.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Integrated Product Development\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BHRI2FMbG9A?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"box generalbox center clearfix\">\n<div>\n<h1>Open Ideo for IDEO: &#8220;Introduction to IDEO&#8221;<\/h1>\n<div id=\"pageintro\" class=\"box mod_introbox\">\n<div class=\"no-overflow\">\n<p>Watch this video about OpenIDEO. This provides information on additional methods for improving product and service design using DQ. IDEO is an exemplar for the innovation process. This website provides you access to a platform that can provide you many tools and connections as you move forward in your career.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Introduction to OpenIDEO OpenIDEO\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4vV5Z-4VN5w?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"title editable block\"><span class=\"title-prefix\">10.7<\/span> Product Development<\/h1>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_n01\" class=\"learning_objectives editable block\">\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Learning Objective<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"collins-ch10_s07_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Describe the process of developing a product that meets customer needs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">Like PowerSki, every organization\u2014whether it produces goods or provides services\u2014sees Job 1 as furnishing customers with quality products. The success of a business depends on its ability to identify the unmet needs of consumers and to develop products that meet those needs at a low cost.<span id=\"fwk-collins-fn10_022\" class=\"footnote\">Karl Ulrich and Steven Eppinger, <em class=\"emphasis\">Product Design and Development<\/em>, 2nd ed. (New York: Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000), 3.<\/span> In other words, effective product development results in goods and services that can be sold at a profit. In addition, it results in high-quality products that not only satisfy consumer needs but also can be developed in a timely, cost-efficient manner. Accomplishing these goals entails a collaborative effort by individuals from all areas of an organization: operations management (including representatives from engineering, design, and manufacturing), marketing, accounting, and finance. In fact, companies increasingly assign representatives from various functional areas who work together as a <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">project team<\/a><\/span> throughout the product development processes. This approach allows individuals with varied backgrounds and experience to provide input as the product is being developed.<\/p>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01\" class=\"section\">\n<h2 class=\"title editable block\">Product Development Is a Risky Proposition<\/h2>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">Not surprisingly, developing profitable products is difficult, and the success rate is low. On average, for every successful product, a company has twelve failures. At this rate, the firms on the <em class=\"emphasis\">Fortune<\/em> 1000 list waste over $60 billion a year in research and development.<span id=\"fwk-collins-fn10_023\" class=\"footnote\">Tony Ulwick and John A. Eisenhauer, \u201cPredicting the Success or Failure of a New Product Concept,\u201d <em class=\"emphasis\">The Management Roundtable<\/em>,<a class=\"link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.roundtable.com\/Event_Center\/I@WS\/I@WS_paper3.html\">http:\/\/www.roundtable.com\/Event_Center\/I@WS\/I@WS_paper3.html<\/a> (accessed May 11, 2006).<\/span> There are several reasons why product development is such a risky proposition:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01_l01\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\n<li><em class=\"emphasis\">Trade-offs<\/em>. You might, for instance, be able to make your jogging shoes lighter than your competitors\u2019, but if you do, they probably won\u2019t wear as well. They could be of higher quality, but that will make them more costly (they might price themselves out of the market).<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"emphasis\">Time pressure<\/em>. Developing a product can require hundreds of decisions that must be made quickly and with imperfect information.<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"emphasis\">Economics<\/em>. Because developing a product requires a lot of time and money, there\u2019s always pressure to make sure that the project not only results in a successful product but also gets it to market at the most opportune time. Failure to be first to market with an otherwise desirable new product can cost a company a great deal of money.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01_p02\" class=\"para editable block\">Even so, organizations continue to dedicate immense resources to developing new products. Your supermarket, for example, can choose from about one hundred thousand items to carry on its shelves\u2014including twenty thousand <em class=\"emphasis\">new<\/em> products every year. Unfortunately, the typical supermarket can stock only thirty thousand products.<span id=\"fwk-collins-fn10_024\" class=\"footnote\">Steve Hannaford, \u201cSlotting Fees and Oligopolies,\u201d <a class=\"link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oligopolywatch.com\/2003\/05\/08.html\">http:\/\/www.oligopolywatch.com\/2003\/05\/08.html<\/a> (accessed May 11, 2006).<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s01_n01\" class=\"video editable block\">\n<h2 class=\"title\">Video Clip<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Bill Cosby New Coke Commercial\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/o4YvmN1hvNA?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"para\">Even the mighty Coca-Cola has had its share of failures\u2014New Coke, anyone?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02\" class=\"section\">\n<h2 class=\"title editable block\">The Product Development Process<\/h2>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">The <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">product development process<\/a><\/span> is a series of activities by which a product idea is transformed into a final product. It can be broken down into the seven steps summarized in <a class=\"xref\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-opmanagement\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=250&amp;action=edit#collins-ch10_s07_s02_f01\">Figure 10.6 &#8220;The Product Development Process&#8221;<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_f01\" class=\"figure large editable block\">\n<div style=\"width: 813px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3351\/2018\/06\/19131726\/c6cdc9b6c81ac52626f28fdb16d82d5e.jpg\" alt=\"image\" width=\"803\" height=\"1384\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em> Figure 10.6 The Product Development Process <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s01\" class=\"section\">\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Evaluate Opportunities and Select the Best Product Idea<\/h3>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s01_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">If you\u2019re starting your first business, you might have only one product idea. But existing organizations often have several ideas for new products, as well as improvements to existing ones. Where do they come from? They can come from individuals within the organization or from outside sources, such as customers. Typically, various ideas are reviewed and evaluated by a team of individuals, who identify the most promising ideas for development. They may rely on a variety of criteria: Does the proposed product fill an unmet need of our customers? Will enough people buy our product to make it commercially successful? Do we have the resources and expertise to make it?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s02\" class=\"section\">\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Get Feedback to Refine the Product Concept<\/h3>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s02_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">From the selected product idea, the team generates an initial <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">product concept<\/a><\/span> that describes what the product might look like and how it might work. Members talk both with other people in the organization and with potential buyers to identify customer needs and the benefits that consumers will get from the product. They study the industry in which the product will be sold and investigate competing products. They brainstorm various <em class=\"emphasis\">product designs<\/em>\u2014that is, the specifications for how the product is to be made, what it\u2019s to look like, and what performance standards it\u2019s to meet.<\/p>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s02_p02\" class=\"para editable block\">Based on information gathered through this process, the team will revise the product concept, probably pinpointing several alternative models. Then they\u2019ll go back to potential customers and get their feedback on both the basic concept and the various alternatives. Based on this feedback, the team will decide what the product will look like, how it will work, and what features it will have.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s03\" class=\"section\">\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Make Sure the Product Performs and Appeals to Consumers<\/h3>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s03_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">The team then decides how the product will be made, what components it will require, and how it will be assembled. It will decide whether the product should be made in-house or outsourced to other companies. For products to be made in-house, the team determines where parts will be obtained. During this phase, team members are involved in design work to ensure that the product will be appealing, safe, and easy to use and maintain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s04\" class=\"section\">\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Design with Manufacturing in Mind<\/h3>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s04_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">As a rule, there\u2019s more than one way to make any product, and some methods are more expensive than others. During the next phase, therefore, the team focuses its attention on making a high-quality product at the lowest possible cost, working to minimize the number of parts and simplify the components. The goal is to build both quality and efficiency into the manufacturing process.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s05\" class=\"section\">\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Build and Test Prototypes<\/h3>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s05_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">A <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">prototype<\/a><\/span> In the next phase, prototypes are produced and tested to make sure that the product meets the customer needs that it\u2019s supposed to. The team usually begins with a preliminary prototype from which, based on feedback from potential customers, a more sophisticated model will then be developed. The process of building and testing prototypes will continue until the team feels comfortable that it has fashioned the best possible product. The final prototype will be extensively tested by customers to identify any changes that need to be made before the finished product is introduced.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s06\" class=\"section\">\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Ramp Up Production and Run Market Tests<\/h3>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s06_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">During the production <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">ramp-up stage<\/a><\/span>, employees are trained in manufacturing and assembly processes. Products turned out during this phase are carefully inspected for residual flaws. Samples are often demonstrated or given to potential customers for testing and feedback.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07\" class=\"section\">\n<h3 class=\"title editable block\">Launch the Product<\/h3>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">In the final stage, the firm starts ongoing production and makes the product available for widespread distribution.<\/p>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_n01\" class=\"key_takeaways editable block\">\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_l01\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\n<li>The success of a business depends on its ability to identify the unmet needs of consumers and to develop products that meet those needs at a reasonable cost.<\/li>\n<li>Accomplishing these goals requires a collaborative effort by individuals from all areas of the organization: operations management (including representatives from engineering, design, and manufacturing), marketing, accounting, and finance.<\/li>\n<li>Representatives from these various functional areas often work together as <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">project teams<\/strong> throughout the <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">product development process<\/strong>, which consists of a series of activities that transform a product idea into a final product.<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"para\">This process can be broken down into seven steps:<\/p>\n<ol id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_l02\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Evaluate opportunities and select the best product mix<\/li>\n<li>Get feedback to refine the <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">product concept<\/strong> that describes what the product might look like and how it might work<\/li>\n<li>Make sure that the product performs and appeals to consumers<\/li>\n<li>Design with manufacturing in mind to build both quality and efficiency into the manufacturing process<\/li>\n<li>Build and test <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">prototypes<\/strong>, or physical models of the product<\/li>\n<li>Run market tests and enter the <strong class=\"emphasis bold\">ramp-up stage<\/strong> during which employees are trained in the production process<\/li>\n<li>Launch the product<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_n02\" class=\"exercises editable block\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Exercise<\/h3>\n<p class=\"simpara\">(AACSB) Analysis<\/p>\n<p id=\"collins-ch10_s07_s02_s07_p02\" class=\"para\">Use your imagination to come up with a hypothetical product idea. Now, identify the steps you\u2019d take to design, develop, and bring your product to market.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-242\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Integrated Product Development. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Thomas J. Howard. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: DTUbroadcast. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BHRI2FMbG9A\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/BHRI2FMbG9A<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Introduction to IDEO. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: IDEO. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/4vV5Z-4VN5w\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/4vV5Z-4VN5w<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Product Development. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Saylor Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_exploring-business-v2.0\/s14-07-product-development.html\">https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_exploring-business-v2.0\/s14-07-product-development.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":53384,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Integrated Product Development\",\"author\":\"Thomas J. 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