{"id":1384,"date":"2018-02-06T15:23:03","date_gmt":"2018-02-06T15:23:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-osuniversityphysics\/?post_type=chapter&p=1384"},"modified":"2018-02-06T15:31:42","modified_gmt":"2018-02-06T15:31:42","slug":"chapter-review","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-osuniversityphysics\/chapter\/chapter-review\/","title":{"raw":"1 Chapter Review","rendered":"1 Chapter Review"},"content":{"raw":"
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Key Terms<\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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accuracy<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
the degree to which a measured value agrees with an accepted reference value for that measurement<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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base quantity<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
physical quantity chosen by convention and practical considerations such that all other physical quantities can be expressed as algebraic combinations of them<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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base unit<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
standard for expressing the measurement of a base quantity within a particular system of units; defined by a particular procedure used to measure the corresponding base quantity<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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conversion factor<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
a ratio that expresses how many of one unit are equal to another unit<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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derived quantity<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
physical quantity defined using algebraic combinations of base quantities<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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derived units<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
units that can be calculated using algebraic combinations of the fundamental units<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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dimension<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
expression of the dependence of a physical quantity on the base quantities as a product of powers of symbols representing the base quantities; in general, the dimension of a quantity has the form\u00a0L<\/span>a<\/span><\/span>M<\/span>b<\/span><\/span>T<\/span>c<\/span><\/span>I<\/span>d<\/span><\/span>\u0398<\/span>e<\/span><\/span>N<\/span>f<\/span><\/span>J<\/span>g<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>LaMbTcId\u0398eNfJg<\/span><\/span>\u00a0for some powers a, b, c, d, e, f, and g.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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dimensionally consistent<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
equation in which every term has the same dimensions and the arguments of any mathematical functions appearing in the equation are dimensionless<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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dimensionless<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
quantity with a dimension of\u00a0L<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>M<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>T<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>I<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>\u0398<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>N<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>J<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>L0M0T0I0\u03980N0J0=1;<\/span><\/span>\u00a0also called quantity of dimension 1 or a pure number<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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discrepancy<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
the difference between the measured value and a given standard or expected value<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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English units<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
system of measurement used in the United States; includes units of measure such as feet, gallons, and pounds<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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estimation<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
using prior experience and sound physical reasoning to arrive at a rough idea of a quantity\u2019s value; sometimes called an \u201corder-of-magnitude approximation,\u201d a \u201cguesstimate,\u201d a \u201cback-of-the-envelope calculation\u201d, or a \u201cFermi calculation\u201d<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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kilogram<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
SI unit for mass, abbreviated kg<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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law<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
description, using concise language or a mathematical formula, of a generalized pattern in nature supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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meter<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
SI unit for length, abbreviated m<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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method of adding percents<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
the percent uncertainty in a quantity calculated by multiplication or division is the sum of the percent uncertainties in the items used to make the calculation.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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metric system<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
system in which values can be calculated in factors of 10<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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model<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
representation of something often too difficult (or impossible) to display directly<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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order of magnitude<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
the size of a quantity as it relates to a power of 10<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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percent uncertainty<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
the ratio of the uncertainty of a measurement to the measured value, expressed as a percentage<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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physical quantity<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
characteristic or property of an object that can be measured or calculated from other measurements<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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physics<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
science concerned with describing the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time; especially interested in what fundamental mechanisms underlie every phenomenon<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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precision<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
the degree to which repeated measurements agree with each other<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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second<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
the SI unit for time, abbreviated s<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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SI units<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
the international system of units that scientists in most countries have agreed to use; includes units such as meters, liters, and grams<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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significant figures<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
used to express the precision of a measuring tool used to measure a value<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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theory<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
testable explanation for patterns in nature supported by scientific evidence and verified multiple times by various groups of researchers<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
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uncertainty<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
a quantitative measure of how much measured values deviate from one another<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
units<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t
standards used for expressing and comparing measurements<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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Key Equations<\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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Percent uncertainty<\/td>\r\nPercent uncertainty<\/span>=<\/span>\u03b4<\/span>A<\/span><\/span>A<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00d7<\/span><\/span>100<\/span>%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Percent uncertainty=\u03b4AA\u00d7100%<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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Summary<\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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1.1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Scope and Scale of Physics<\/span><\/h4>\r\n