{"id":897,"date":"2022-04-11T03:38:04","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T03:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=897"},"modified":"2023-04-28T16:27:28","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T16:27:28","slug":"6-1-business-reports-basics","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/chapter\/6-1-business-reports-basics\/","title":{"raw":"6.1 Business Reports Basics","rendered":"6.1 Business Reports Basics"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>What you\u2019ll learn to do: Discuss the different types of reports and their purposes<\/h2>\r\nEmployees in most organizations create and use reports; however, it\u2019s important to remember that the business report is a markedly different document than a report created in an academic setting.\r\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignright wp-image-2480\"><img class=\"alignright wp-image-2480\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872.jpg 1043w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-273x300.jpg 273w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-768x845.jpg 768w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-930x1024.jpg 930w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-65x72.jpg 65w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-225x248.jpg 225w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-350x385.jpg 350w\" alt=\"Illustration of a person holding a printed report. The report has lines representing text alongside a pie chart.\" width=\"250\" height=\"275\" \/><\/div>\r\nReports are a key communication tool in business; they effectively share and retain information and decisions. Reports are classified into two main types: informal reports and formal reports. Both of those classifications are further broken down by type of information. This module describes these report structures and types. In this module, you\u2019ll learn the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Which type of report to use and when<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What sections may be found in each type of report<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How to format reports<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nA report that is laid out well facilitates the reader\u2019s understanding of its content. With a clear function and purpose, a well-formatted report establishes the credibility and professional abilities of the report\u2019s creator.\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>LEARNING Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Distinguish between informal and formal reports<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Distinguish between informational and analytical reports<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Compare and contrast different type of stakeholders in business reports<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Informal versus Formal Reports<\/h2>\r\nWhile there is no single difference between informal and formal reports, we can typically distinguish between the two based on their length and sections.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-2986\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-1024x678.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-225x149.jpg 225w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-350x232.jpg 350w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280.jpg 1280w\" alt=\"Photograph of a printed report with different graphs.\" width=\"301\" height=\"199\" \/>Some say the wording and phrasing changes between informal reports and formal reports from more conversational to more formal. Writing issues such as those are explored throughout this module. Specifics of wording and phrasing vary by company and by type of report. In any case, authors must remember their reports enhance their image and credibility in the workplace. The accuracy of each report, the professionalism in the layout, and the clarity of the writing all reflect the writer\u2019s reliability, validity, and full comprehension of the proposed solutions. Essentially, you should focus on simple, clear phrasing and organization. Focus on how to make the full meaning easiest to grasp for the audience.\r\n<h3>Informal Reports<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Informal reports<\/strong>\u00a0tend to be shorter, although the quantity of pages or words is not defined. Think of informal reports as documents of under ten pages. An informal report usually has specific topics grouped in paragraphs, and these topics tend to have simple headings. Note that while informal reports often don\u2019t have required headings, you can take inspiration from the headings required in formal reports.\r\n<h3>Formal Reports<\/h3>\r\nA f<strong>ormal report<\/strong>\u00a0tends to be longer; although, again, the quantity of pages or words is not defined. It may start at ten pages and in some cases exceed one hundred pages. With a formal report, the topic of the report or the policy of the company it\u2019s being written for determines which sections, labels, content, and purpose should be used as the basis for the report. These reports address complex topics that require substantial description of background, research on the topic, and evidence to support any proposed solutions. Both the data gathering and the summary of the topic generate length. To keep this abundance of information organized, the report requires formal headings and tight organization in order to help the reader stay on track.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Exercise<\/h3>\r\nCarrie\u2019s boss, Jorge, is considering changing the work schedule from 40 hours over five days a week to 40 hours over four days a week. He wants a preliminary analysis in order to know if this will cause any employee dissatisfaction or increase the cost of overtime. Carrie\u2019s best choice of format for this research is to ________________________.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Informational versus Analytical Reports<\/h2>\r\nNow that we\u2019ve defined the difference between informal reports and formal reports, let\u2019s dive in a little deeper. Informal reports and formal reports have two major categories: informational and analytical reports. It\u2019s important to keep in mind that both informal and formal reports can fall into these categories (i.e., you can have an informal informational report or a formal informational report).\r\n<h3>Informational Reports<\/h3>\r\nAn\u00a0<strong>informational report<\/strong>\u00a0provides a summary of information and data found on a particular topic. One such report is the expense report: this report is a set of information that is used to request allocation of funds. The format is strictly pre-determined and it is often completed at the end of a business trip.\r\n<h3>Analytical Reports<\/h3>\r\nThe other category of report is an\u00a0<strong>analytical report<\/strong>. In this report type, information is researched and collected, then the report provides an analysis that leads to one or more recommendations. For example, consider a report that helps a company determine where to open a new store. The report might look at three properties with respect to road traffic, cost of the land, and adjoining stores, and then recommend the best site from the alternatives.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\r\nChris\u2019s boss, Yasmin, wants to consider changing the work schedule from 40 hours over five days a week to 40 hours over four days a week. She wants to know if this will cause any employee dissatisfaction or increase the cost of overtime. Chris really hopes Yasmin will make this change; he would love three days a week off a week no matter how long the work day is. What should Chris do?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Stakeholders<\/h2>\r\nWhen writing any professional document, it is important to identify the potential stakeholders. A\u00a0<strong>stakeholder<\/strong>\u00a0is anyone who will be affected by the contents of what you write.\u00a0How you choose to word your document\u2014or even the choice to write the document\u2014can become an ethical matter for stakeholders. It is crucial to consider your main objectives before writing. For example, a report on consumer focus groups that were generally negative toward the company\u2019s new ad campaign must take into consideration issues such as how upper management will receive the news and what information will be most helpful to the team working on the campaign moving forward.\r\n\r\nAccording to Paul Anderson, the author of\u00a0<em>Technical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach<\/em>, there are three types of stakeholders<a id=\"return-footnote-2180-1\" class=\"footnote\" title=\"Anderson, Paul V. Technical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2007.\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmopen-businesscommunicationmgrs\/chapter\/business-reports\/#footnote-2180-1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Direct<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Indirect<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Remote<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe\u00a0<strong>direct stakeholders<\/strong>\u00a0are those initially impacted by what you write. For instance, if you are writing about opening a new waste disposal site, the stakeholders clearly include the company you are writing the report for. However, disposal companies that might use this waste site in the future are also considered direct stakeholders because they will be in the same situation as the current company. Their future business will be impacted based on whether your proposal is accepted or declined.\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0<strong>indirect stakeholders<\/strong>\u00a0are those that are not impacted until a later time. Using the previous example of the waste disposal site, citizens in the area would be indirect stakeholders. The stakeholders don\u2019t necessarily need to be people: the nearby ecosystems would be indirect stakeholders of this same proposal. If toxic waste was dumped there, it would harm the animals, rivers, and plant life nearby.\r\n\r\nFinally, the\u00a0<strong>remote stakeholders<\/strong>\u00a0are not affected until far into the future. One example, following our hypothetical waste disposal site, is future generations. While it may seem far-fetched, historically, there have been instances where toxic or poisonous materials have been disposed of incorrectly and the run-off that went into lakes and streams caused birth defects. While this is remote, it must be considered when writing a document. This category of remote stakeholders brings to the forefront one major difference between reports and other types of business communication: reports can have long lifespans and be revisited far into the future.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\r\nChris\u2019s boss, Yasmin, wants to consider changing the work schedule from 40 hours over five days a week to 40 hours over four days a week. She wants to know if this will cause any employee dissatisfaction or increase the cost of overtime. Chris really hopes Yasmin will make this change; he would love three days a week off a week no matter how long the work day is. What should Chris do?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\nAnderson, Paul V. T<em>echnical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach<\/em>. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2007.\u00a0<a class=\"return-footnote\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmopen-businesscommunicationmgrs\/chapter\/business-reports\/#return-footnote-2180-1\">\u21b5<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2>What you\u2019ll learn to do: Discuss the different types of reports and their purposes<\/h2>\n<p>Employees in most organizations create and use reports; however, it\u2019s important to remember that the business report is a markedly different document than a report created in an academic setting.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignright wp-image-2480\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2480\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872.jpg 1043w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-273x300.jpg 273w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-768x845.jpg 768w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-930x1024.jpg 930w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-65x72.jpg 65w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-225x248.jpg 225w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/22173755\/accounting-3076855_1280-e1521740319872-350x385.jpg 350w\" alt=\"Illustration of a person holding a printed report. The report has lines representing text alongside a pie chart.\" width=\"250\" height=\"275\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Reports are a key communication tool in business; they effectively share and retain information and decisions. Reports are classified into two main types: informal reports and formal reports. Both of those classifications are further broken down by type of information. This module describes these report structures and types. In this module, you\u2019ll learn the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Which type of report to use and when<\/li>\n<li>What sections may be found in each type of report<\/li>\n<li>How to format reports<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A report that is laid out well facilitates the reader\u2019s understanding of its content. With a clear function and purpose, a well-formatted report establishes the credibility and professional abilities of the report\u2019s creator.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>LEARNING Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Distinguish between informal and formal reports<\/li>\n<li>Distinguish between informational and analytical reports<\/li>\n<li>Compare and contrast different type of stakeholders in business reports<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Informal versus Formal Reports<\/h2>\n<p>While there is no single difference between informal and formal reports, we can typically distinguish between the two based on their length and sections.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2986\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-1024x678.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-225x149.jpg 225w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280-350x232.jpg 350w, https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2785\/2018\/03\/09215041\/financial-2860753_1280.jpg 1280w\" alt=\"Photograph of a printed report with different graphs.\" width=\"301\" height=\"199\" \/>Some say the wording and phrasing changes between informal reports and formal reports from more conversational to more formal. Writing issues such as those are explored throughout this module. Specifics of wording and phrasing vary by company and by type of report. In any case, authors must remember their reports enhance their image and credibility in the workplace. The accuracy of each report, the professionalism in the layout, and the clarity of the writing all reflect the writer\u2019s reliability, validity, and full comprehension of the proposed solutions. Essentially, you should focus on simple, clear phrasing and organization. Focus on how to make the full meaning easiest to grasp for the audience.<\/p>\n<h3>Informal Reports<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Informal reports<\/strong>\u00a0tend to be shorter, although the quantity of pages or words is not defined. Think of informal reports as documents of under ten pages. An informal report usually has specific topics grouped in paragraphs, and these topics tend to have simple headings. Note that while informal reports often don\u2019t have required headings, you can take inspiration from the headings required in formal reports.<\/p>\n<h3>Formal Reports<\/h3>\n<p>A f<strong>ormal report<\/strong>\u00a0tends to be longer; although, again, the quantity of pages or words is not defined. It may start at ten pages and in some cases exceed one hundred pages. With a formal report, the topic of the report or the policy of the company it\u2019s being written for determines which sections, labels, content, and purpose should be used as the basis for the report. These reports address complex topics that require substantial description of background, research on the topic, and evidence to support any proposed solutions. Both the data gathering and the summary of the topic generate length. To keep this abundance of information organized, the report requires formal headings and tight organization in order to help the reader stay on track.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercise<\/h3>\n<p>Carrie\u2019s boss, Jorge, is considering changing the work schedule from 40 hours over five days a week to 40 hours over four days a week. He wants a preliminary analysis in order to know if this will cause any employee dissatisfaction or increase the cost of overtime. Carrie\u2019s best choice of format for this research is to ________________________.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Informational versus Analytical Reports<\/h2>\n<p>Now that we\u2019ve defined the difference between informal reports and formal reports, let\u2019s dive in a little deeper. Informal reports and formal reports have two major categories: informational and analytical reports. It\u2019s important to keep in mind that both informal and formal reports can fall into these categories (i.e., you can have an informal informational report or a formal informational report).<\/p>\n<h3>Informational Reports<\/h3>\n<p>An\u00a0<strong>informational report<\/strong>\u00a0provides a summary of information and data found on a particular topic. One such report is the expense report: this report is a set of information that is used to request allocation of funds. The format is strictly pre-determined and it is often completed at the end of a business trip.<\/p>\n<h3>Analytical Reports<\/h3>\n<p>The other category of report is an\u00a0<strong>analytical report<\/strong>. In this report type, information is researched and collected, then the report provides an analysis that leads to one or more recommendations. For example, consider a report that helps a company determine where to open a new store. The report might look at three properties with respect to road traffic, cost of the land, and adjoining stores, and then recommend the best site from the alternatives.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>Chris\u2019s boss, Yasmin, wants to consider changing the work schedule from 40 hours over five days a week to 40 hours over four days a week. She wants to know if this will cause any employee dissatisfaction or increase the cost of overtime. Chris really hopes Yasmin will make this change; he would love three days a week off a week no matter how long the work day is. What should Chris do?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Stakeholders<\/h2>\n<p>When writing any professional document, it is important to identify the potential stakeholders. A\u00a0<strong>stakeholder<\/strong>\u00a0is anyone who will be affected by the contents of what you write.\u00a0How you choose to word your document\u2014or even the choice to write the document\u2014can become an ethical matter for stakeholders. It is crucial to consider your main objectives before writing. For example, a report on consumer focus groups that were generally negative toward the company\u2019s new ad campaign must take into consideration issues such as how upper management will receive the news and what information will be most helpful to the team working on the campaign moving forward.<\/p>\n<p>According to Paul Anderson, the author of\u00a0<em>Technical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach<\/em>, there are three types of stakeholders<a id=\"return-footnote-2180-1\" class=\"footnote\" title=\"Anderson, Paul V. Technical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2007.\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmopen-businesscommunicationmgrs\/chapter\/business-reports\/#footnote-2180-1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Direct<\/li>\n<li>Indirect<\/li>\n<li>Remote<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>direct stakeholders<\/strong>\u00a0are those initially impacted by what you write. For instance, if you are writing about opening a new waste disposal site, the stakeholders clearly include the company you are writing the report for. However, disposal companies that might use this waste site in the future are also considered direct stakeholders because they will be in the same situation as the current company. Their future business will be impacted based on whether your proposal is accepted or declined.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>indirect stakeholders<\/strong>\u00a0are those that are not impacted until a later time. Using the previous example of the waste disposal site, citizens in the area would be indirect stakeholders. The stakeholders don\u2019t necessarily need to be people: the nearby ecosystems would be indirect stakeholders of this same proposal. If toxic waste was dumped there, it would harm the animals, rivers, and plant life nearby.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the\u00a0<strong>remote stakeholders<\/strong>\u00a0are not affected until far into the future. One example, following our hypothetical waste disposal site, is future generations. While it may seem far-fetched, historically, there have been instances where toxic or poisonous materials have been disposed of incorrectly and the run-off that went into lakes and streams caused birth defects. While this is remote, it must be considered when writing a document. This category of remote stakeholders brings to the forefront one major difference between reports and other types of business communication: reports can have long lifespans and be revisited far into the future.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>Chris\u2019s boss, Yasmin, wants to consider changing the work schedule from 40 hours over five days a week to 40 hours over four days a week. She wants to know if this will cause any employee dissatisfaction or increase the cost of overtime. Chris really hopes Yasmin will make this change; he would love three days a week off a week no matter how long the work day is. What should Chris do?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Anderson, Paul V. T<em>echnical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach<\/em>. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2007.\u00a0<a class=\"return-footnote\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmopen-businesscommunicationmgrs\/chapter\/business-reports\/#return-footnote-2180-1\">\u21b5<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-897\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Business Communication Skills for Managers . <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Susan Kendall. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmopen-businesscommunicationmgrs\/chapter\/business-reports\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmopen-businesscommunicationmgrs\/chapter\/business-reports\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":545042,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Business Communication Skills for Managers \",\"author\":\"Susan Kendall\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmopen-businesscommunicationmgrs\/chapter\/business-reports\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-897","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":893,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/897","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/545042"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/897\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1820,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/897\/revisions\/1820"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/893"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/897\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=897"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=897"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=897"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-oswego-businesscommunicationmgrs2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=897"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}