{"id":3751,"date":"2018-07-16T20:32:48","date_gmt":"2018-07-16T20:32:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3751"},"modified":"2018-08-07T16:11:00","modified_gmt":"2018-08-07T16:11:00","slug":"7-1-representing-organic-reactions","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/chapter\/7-1-representing-organic-reactions\/","title":{"raw":"7.1. Representing organic reactions","rendered":"7.1. Representing organic reactions"},"content":{"raw":"Organic reactions are often shown in the following way:\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4805 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3369\/2018\/07\/06131127\/GenericOrganicReaction1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"90\" \/>\r\n\r\nReactions are not usually balanced; the above should be considered a scheme rather than an equation.\u00a0 In fact, by-products are often omitted completely, especially if they are inorganic. A \"reagent\" is a chemical used to change an organic reactant into the desired product.\u00a0 There may be several steps, listing more than one reaction in one scheme, by showing each reagent\/condition in sequence after (i), (ii), etc.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-4806 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3369\/2018\/07\/06131222\/ReactionExampleBuCNsynthesis3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"62\" \/>\r\n\r\nHere the alcohol is first treated with PBr<sub>3<\/sub> and heated, then (in a separate reaction) it is treated with KCN in ethanol.\r\n\r\nThe value of this approach is seen when drawing out a multi-step synthesis.\u00a0 In such a scheme, it shows a starting material A being acted upon by a sequence of reagents (X, Y, then Z) in order to turn it eventually into D:\r\n\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-4807 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3369\/2018\/07\/06131302\/GenericReactionScheme1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"484\" height=\"88\" \/>\r\n\r\nNotice that each arrow here represents a complete reaction, not just a step in a mechanism.","rendered":"<p>Organic reactions are often shown in the following way:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4805 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3369\/2018\/07\/06131127\/GenericOrganicReaction1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"90\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Reactions are not usually balanced; the above should be considered a scheme rather than an equation.\u00a0 In fact, by-products are often omitted completely, especially if they are inorganic. A &#8220;reagent&#8221; is a chemical used to change an organic reactant into the desired product.\u00a0 There may be several steps, listing more than one reaction in one scheme, by showing each reagent\/condition in sequence after (i), (ii), etc.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4806 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3369\/2018\/07\/06131222\/ReactionExampleBuCNsynthesis3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"62\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Here the alcohol is first treated with PBr<sub>3<\/sub> and heated, then (in a separate reaction) it is treated with KCN in ethanol.<\/p>\n<p>The value of this approach is seen when drawing out a multi-step synthesis.\u00a0 In such a scheme, it shows a starting material A being acted upon by a sequence of reagents (X, Y, then Z) in order to turn it eventually into D:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4807 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3369\/2018\/07\/06131302\/GenericReactionScheme1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"484\" height=\"88\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Notice that each arrow here represents a complete reaction, not just a step in a mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-3751\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Martin Walker. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: SUNY Potsdam. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/directory.potsdam.edu\/?function=user=walkerma\">http:\/\/directory.potsdam.edu\/?function=user=walkerma<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":96103,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"Martin Walker\",\"organization\":\"SUNY Potsdam\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/directory.potsdam.edu\/?function=user=walkerma\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Representing organic reactions","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["martin-walker"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[54],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-3751","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-martin-walker","license-cc-by-sa"],"part":24,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/96103"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4908,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3751\/revisions\/4908"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/24"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3751\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3751"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3751"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}