{"id":3766,"date":"2018-07-16T20:44:35","date_gmt":"2018-07-16T20:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/?post_type=chapter&p=3766"},"modified":"2020-06-25T14:56:39","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T14:56:39","slug":"9-1-introduction-to-synthesis","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry\/chapter\/9-1-introduction-to-synthesis\/","title":{"raw":"9.1. Introduction to synthesis","rendered":"9.1. Introduction to synthesis"},"content":{"raw":"In section 7.2.<\/a>, we examined the different levels at which we can look at organic reactions.\u00a0 In chapter 8, we then studied four mechanisms in detail: SN<\/sub>2, SN<\/sub>1, E2 and E1.\u00a0 In this chapter, we want to zoom out somewhat, and begin to think about applying these reactions to the synthesis of particular products.\u00a0 In chapter 8 we looked at: \"What happens when I mix A and B?\"\u00a0 In this chapter, we ask: \"How can we use this reaction to make something useful?\"\n\nSo far, most reactions have been rather theoretical in nature, using \"Nuc\" as a nucleophile or \"R-X\" as an electrophile.\u00a0 In this chapter we will learn what Nuc, R and X are in practice.\u00a0 Some nucleophiles work well in practice, while others don't; we will focus on learning some of the combinations that are effective in the lab or on the chemical plant.\u00a0 Especially useful are reagents and conditions that have a wide scope, i.e., they work in a similar and predictable way for a wide variety of target products.\n\nAt this point, we will just look at syntheses involving only one reaction - one synthetic step.\u00a0 When a target product has a certain functional group, or a particular pattern of bonds, it is important that we recognize how to make that type of product using the reactions we know.\u00a0 As we work through this course, you will gradually learn new reactions (\"words\") add to your reaction \"vocabulary.\"\u00a0 This semester it is important to learn a few common reactions, and to know how to use each one to make a particular type of product. Next semester we will put these reactions together into a multi-step synthesis, like putting words together to make sentences.\n

Synthesis questions<\/h3>\nTo learn how to use reactions in synthesis, instructors various types of question.\u00a0 Some, such as \"give the reagent\" help the student to learn what is needed to turn A into B.\u00a0 Others, like \"predict the product,\" help the student to use their knowledge of mechanism and reaction specificity to work out which product will form, with what stereochemistry, etc.\u00a0 The last type, the open-ended synthesis question, is the hardest for beginners, even though there may be now several correct answers.\u00a0 To answer such questions, you need to be able to work back from the product, something that is hard at first but which becomes easy with practice.\n\n\"\"\n\nFor much of the remainder of the semester we will be focused on this type of synthesis question.\u00a0 This chapter and the next will teach you all the basic reactions you need in order to perform a simple synthesis of several different functional groups.\u00a0 Remember that you do not need to show the mechanism unless asked, though you may need to have the mechanism in the back of your mind as you draw the product.","rendered":"

In section 7.2.<\/a>, we examined the different levels at which we can look at organic reactions.\u00a0 In chapter 8, we then studied four mechanisms in detail: SN<\/sub>2, SN<\/sub>1, E2 and E1.\u00a0 In this chapter, we want to zoom out somewhat, and begin to think about applying these reactions to the synthesis of particular products.\u00a0 In chapter 8 we looked at: “What happens when I mix A and B?”\u00a0 In this chapter, we ask: “How can we use this reaction to make something useful?”<\/p>\n

So far, most reactions have been rather theoretical in nature, using “Nuc” as a nucleophile or “R-X” as an electrophile.\u00a0 In this chapter we will learn what Nuc, R and X are in practice.\u00a0 Some nucleophiles work well in practice, while others don’t; we will focus on learning some of the combinations that are effective in the lab or on the chemical plant.\u00a0 Especially useful are reagents and conditions that have a wide scope, i.e., they work in a similar and predictable way for a wide variety of target products.<\/p>\n

At this point, we will just look at syntheses involving only one reaction – one synthetic step.\u00a0 When a target product has a certain functional group, or a particular pattern of bonds, it is important that we recognize how to make that type of product using the reactions we know.\u00a0 As we work through this course, you will gradually learn new reactions (“words”) add to your reaction “vocabulary.”\u00a0 This semester it is important to learn a few common reactions, and to know how to use each one to make a particular type of product. Next semester we will put these reactions together into a multi-step synthesis, like putting words together to make sentences.<\/p>\n

Synthesis questions<\/h3>\n

To learn how to use reactions in synthesis, instructors various types of question.\u00a0 Some, such as “give the reagent” help the student to learn what is needed to turn A into B.\u00a0 Others, like “predict the product,” help the student to use their knowledge of mechanism and reaction specificity to work out which product will form, with what stereochemistry, etc.\u00a0 The last type, the open-ended synthesis question, is the hardest for beginners, even though there may be now several correct answers.\u00a0 To answer such questions, you need to be able to work back from the product, something that is hard at first but which becomes easy with practice.<\/p>\n

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For much of the remainder of the semester we will be focused on this type of synthesis question.\u00a0 This chapter and the next will teach you all the basic reactions you need in order to perform a simple synthesis of several different functional groups.\u00a0 Remember that you do not need to show the mechanism unless asked, though you may need to have the mechanism in the back of your mind as you draw the product.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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