{"id":24,"date":"2018-11-19T20:15:45","date_gmt":"2018-11-19T20:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry2\/chapter\/10-1-introduction\/"},"modified":"2018-11-19T20:15:45","modified_gmt":"2018-11-19T20:15:45","slug":"10-1-introduction","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry2\/chapter\/10-1-introduction\/","title":{"raw":"10.1. Introduction","rendered":"10.1. Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"\n
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An addition process is where something adds across a \u03c0-bond.  When the first elementary step in the process is an electrophilic addition step, that name is applied to the whole process also.<\/div>\n
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The most common examples of electrophilic addition are seen with alkenes and alkynes, since these are relatively electron-rich. For example:<\/div>\n
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The electrophilic addition elementary step is nearly always followed by a coordination step, where the carbocation combines with a nucleophilic group to form the final addition product. The electrophilic addition step is rate-determining, because an unstable carbocation intermediate is formed.  If the attacking electrophile has an available lone pair, it can lead to cyclic intermediates; these reaction are covered in section 10.7.<\/a><\/div>\n
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Electrophiles that work well for simple additions are usually proton donors (Bronsted-Lowry acids), such as hydrogen halides and other strong acids:<\/div>\n
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Note: Aromatic ring compounds like benzene do not undergo additions that go to completion; they are greatly stabilized by the aromatic delocalization, and this would be destroyed by an addition.<\/div>\n
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Video by Martin Walker introducing electrophilic addition<\/div>\n
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[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/200929595[\/embed]\n<\/section>\n\n","rendered":"
\n
An addition process is where something adds across a \u03c0-bond.  When the first elementary step in the process is an electrophilic addition step, that name is applied to the whole process also.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
The most common examples of electrophilic addition are seen with alkenes and alkynes, since these are relatively electron-rich. For example:<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
The electrophilic addition elementary step is nearly always followed by a coordination step, where the carbocation combines with a nucleophilic group to form the final addition product. The electrophilic addition step is rate-determining, because an unstable carbocation intermediate is formed.  If the attacking electrophile has an available lone pair, it can lead to cyclic intermediates; these reaction are covered in section 10.7.<\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Electrophiles that work well for simple additions are usually proton donors (Bronsted-Lowry acids), such as hydrogen halides and other strong acids:<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Note: Aromatic ring compounds like benzene do not undergo additions that go to completion; they are greatly stabilized by the aromatic delocalization, and this would be destroyed by an addition.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Video by Martin Walker introducing electrophilic addition<\/div>\n
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