{"id":236,"date":"2017-07-06T18:08:09","date_gmt":"2017-07-06T18:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=236"},"modified":"2017-12-02T15:24:42","modified_gmt":"2017-12-02T15:24:42","slug":"preparing-for-public-speaking","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/preparing-for-public-speaking\/","title":{"raw":"Preparing for Public Speaking","rendered":"Preparing for Public Speaking"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Audience Analysis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/c1.staticflickr.com\/7\/6109\/6293322182_7dab9dfa1e_b.jpg\" alt=\"Image result for audience\" width=\"453\" height=\"302\" \/>\r\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/scobleizer\/6293322182\">flickr<\/a><\/h6>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Audience Analysis (Openly licensed M<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">aterial)<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-standupspeakout\/chapter\/chapter-18-audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Stand Up Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking<\/strong><\/a>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understand the value of acknowledging your audience.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to choose a worthwhile topic.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain how to adapt your speech to your audience\u2019s needs.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the value of speaking with credibility.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to gather and use demographic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to gather and use psychographic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to gather and use situational information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Learn several tools for gathering audience information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create effective tools for gathering audience information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how you can use your audience analysis when you prepare a speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Recognize how your audience analysis can help you alter your speech while speaking.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/publicspeakingproject.org\/PDF%20Files\/aud%20analy%20web%201.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Public Speaking Project<\/strong><\/a>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>List techniques for analyzing a specific target audience.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain audience analysis by direct observation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe audience analysis by inference.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify the purpose of a basic questionnaire.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Recognize and apply data sampling.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Determine when to use a Likert-type test.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Define the five categories of audience analysis.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Summarize the purpose of the situational analysis.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain audience analysis by demography.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Recognize the difference between beliefs, attitudes and values.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify reasons for sampling a multicultural audience.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/communication\/chapter\/9-1-selecting-and-narrowing-a-topic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Communication in the Real World<\/strong><\/a>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Key Takeaways in Above\u00a0Text\u00a0Include:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul id=\"jones_1.0-ch09_s01_s02_s04_l02\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Getting integrated: Public speaking training builds transferrable skills that are useful in your college classes, career, personal relationships, and civic life.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Demographic, psychographic, and situational audience analysis help tailor your speech content to your audience.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The general and specific purposes of your speech are based on the speaking occasion and include the objective you would like to accomplish by the end of your speech. Determining these early in the speech-making process will help focus your research and writing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Brainstorm to identify topics that fit within your interests, and then narrow your topic based on audience analysis and the guidelines provided.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A thesis statement summarizes the central idea of your speech and will be explained or defended using supporting material. Referencing your thesis statement often will help ensure that your speech is coherent.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_stand-up-speak-out-the-practice-and-ethics-of-public-speaking\/s08-02-three-types-of-audience-analys.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Three Types of Audience Analysis<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(Saylor)\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ol id=\"wrench_1.0-ch05_s02_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Understand how to gather and use demographic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to gather and use psychographic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to gather and use situational information.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/vccs-cst100-17fa\/chapter\/chapter-5-categories-of-audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Categories of Audience Analysis<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(Lumen CST Principles of Public Speaking)\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>The Reader Will be Able to Answer the Following Questions from Info in the Above Text:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Why is it important to conduct an audience analysis prior to developing your speech?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is the purpose of performing a demographics survey?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Why is audience analysis by direct observation the most simple of the three paradigms?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are some the problems a speaker faces when delivering an unacquainted-audience presentation?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Under what circumstances would a speaker make inferences about an audience during the course of an audience analysis??<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is a variable, and how is it used in data sampling?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Why are statistics considered to be a form of quantitative analysis and not qualitative analysis?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does conducting a value hierarchy help the speaker when developing a speech?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What value does performing a Likert-type testing of attitudes give the speaker?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Which of the Five Categories of Audience Analysis is the most effective, and why do you think that?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are the differences between beliefs, attitudes, and values?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What challenges does a speaker face when delivering a speech to a multicultural audience?\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/analyzing-the-audience-7\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Analyzing the Audience<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"content__top\">\r\n<div class=\"viewport-padding\">\r\n<div class=\"site-width container\"><a class=\"book-details__link\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span class=\"mq__no-phone\">Details about audience analysis in the above text include:<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"viewport-padding\">\r\n<div class=\"container site-width\">\r\n<div class=\"bcp-hub__section-list\">\r\n<div class=\"bcp-hub__section bcp-sans-copy\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The Importance of Audience Analysis<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The Benefits of Understanding Your Audience<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Analyze the audience to find the mix of ages, genders, sexual orientations, educational levels, religions, cultures, ethnicities, and races.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use knowledge about your audience to step into their minds, create an imaginary scenario, and test your ideas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Demographic Factors to Consider (Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Education, Religion, Culture, Ethnicity, Race and Group Membership).<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Contextual Factors to Consider\u00a0Overall Psychology of Your Audience: Values, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Needs<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Psychographics of values, needs, attitudes, and beliefs to develop an audience profile and to tailor the speech's specific message.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Audience Opinion of You and Your Topic<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Examine favorability in relation to how the audience views both you and the topic for your speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Knowledge of the Audience About Your Topic<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Adapting to Your Audience<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Solicit Information<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Apply knowledge about the audience to adjust the message before speaking. Observe and process audience responses to further adjust while speaking\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<strong>Lumen Principles of Public Speaking-<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/chapter-5-approaches-to-audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Approaches to Audience Analysis<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Categories of Audience Analysis<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Audience Analysis<\/a>-Comm101 Public Speaking Saylor.org<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nUpon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>choose a topic and prepare a speech about it that suits that audience's needs, based on the audience's traits;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>describe ways to establish credibility based on a specific audience's traits; and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify the influence that demographic, psychographic, and situational information has in planning a speech.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/oer.galileo.usg.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=communication-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Audience Analysis<\/a>-Exploring Public Speaking: 2nd Revision-GALILEO, University System of Georgia\r\nGALILEO Open Learning Materials<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nChapter 2 (Pages 28-47)-Importance of Audience Analysis\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/businesscommunication\/chapter\/3-4-getting-to-know-your-audience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Getting to Know Your Audience<\/a>-Business Communication for Success<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Key Takeaways in Above\u00a0Text\u00a0Include:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nTo better understand your audience, learn about their demographic traits, such as age, gender, and employment status, as these help determine their interests, needs, and goals. In addition, become aware of your perceptions and theirs, and practice fairness in your communications.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1DFzmv83zaO0EwMkFaHHwdGTF5nnFq6GqMLwaCcSC9sQ\/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Getting to Know Your Audience<\/a>-Foundations of Professional Communication e-textbook<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nPage 15-28\r\n\r\nUpon completing this chapter, you should be able to\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">categorize specific elements of a given communication scenario to the stages of the acronym AUDIENCE,<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">write a complete audience analysis detailing each part of AUDIENCE for a given communication scenario by briefly describing the purpose of a communication and the characteristics of an audience,<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">write a complete audience analysis detailing each part of AUDIENCE for a specific communication task (e.g., letter writing, presentation, etc.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Professional Communication (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.procomoer.org\/foundations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Module 1<\/a>) contains Audience Analysis Information including:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\" style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s3\">Introduction to Audience Analysis (Video)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\" style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s3\">Audience Slide Deck<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s2\"><span class=\"s3\">AUDIENCE Analysis Form<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s7\">\u00a0(Resource \u2013 Job Aid)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\" style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s3\">Performing an Audience Analysis (Assessment)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/APJCWgOtnKo\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1DFzmv83zaO0EwMkFaHHwdGTF5nnFq6GqMLwaCcSC9sQ\/edit#heading=h.o4tfeeigk2sz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Professional Communication e-textbook<\/strong><\/a>\r\n\r\nUpon completing this chapter, you should be able to\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">categorize specific elements of a given communication scenario to the stages of the acronym AUDIENCE,<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">write a complete audience analysis detailing each part of AUDIENCE for a given communication scenario by briefly describing the purpose of a communication and the characteristics of an audience,<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">write a complete audience analysis detailing each part of AUDIENCE for a specific communication task (e.g., letter writing, presentation, etc.).\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Supplemental Material (Free to use for Instructional and Educational Purposes-Not Openly Licensed) \u00a0See section on <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/about-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">license information<\/a> for more information<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>6 Minutes Speaking and Presentation Skills<\/strong><\/a>\r\n<div id=\"head-title\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Six Minutes\u00a0<span id=\"head-subtitle\">Speaking and Presentation Skills<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"head-byline\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Your guide to be a confident\u00a0and effective speaker<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\r\n<h6><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/permissions\/#electronic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">read policy for above resource<\/a><\/h6>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Audience Analysis: A Guide for Speakers<\/a>-<\/strong>\r\n<div id=\"head-title\"><strong>Six Minutes\u00a0<span id=\"head-subtitle\">Speaking and Presentation Skills<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"head-byline\"><strong>Your guide to be a confident\u00a0and effective speaker<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/totalcommunicator.com\/vol1_4\/audience_article.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Public Speaking Audience Analysis<\/strong><\/a><\/span> (The Total Communicator)\r\n\r\n<i>The Total Communicator<\/i>\u00a0is an ezine dedicated to the process of communication with a focus on spoken business communication. You will find in-depth articles on presentation skills, public speaking, and how to communicate effectively in the business world.\u00a0<i>The Total Communicator<\/i>\u00a0is published every two months.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.etsca.com\/tscjonline\/1206-cereal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Audience Analysis Class Activity<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\nFrom Texas Speech Communication Journal Online\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">YouTube<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Audience Analysis<\/strong><\/span> (Stephen Klien)\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/zb-iuMhl7xA[\/embed]\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Researching, Organizing and Outlining a Speech<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.pixabay.com\/photo\/2015\/11\/03\/09\/23\/speech-1020352_960_720.jpg\" alt=\"Speech, Stage, Lecture, Microphone, Fair, Occurs\" width=\"315\" height=\"315\" \/>\r\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/speech-stage-lecture-microphone-1020352\/\">pixabay.com<\/a><\/h6>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Openly Licensed Material<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeaking\/chapter\/chapter-8-outlining-your-speech\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing and Outlining<\/a>-Lumen<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">After reading the above text the student will be able to answer the following:<\/span><\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Name three questions you should ask yourself when selecting a topic.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is the difference between a general and specific purpose statement? Write examples of each for each of these topics: dog training, baking a cake, climate change.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does the thesis statement differ from the specific purpose statement?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Which speech organization style arranges points by time? Which one arranges points by direction? Which one arranges points according to a five-step sequence?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Which speech organization styles are best suited for persuasive speeches?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Define signpost. What are three types of signposts?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is the correct format for a speech outline?\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.publicspeakingproject.org\/outlining.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing and Outlining<\/a>-Public Speaking Project<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Chapter Objectives for the Above Text:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Select a topic appropriate to the audience and occasion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Formulate a specific purpose statement that identifies precisely what you will do in your speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Craft a thesis statement that clearly and succinctly summarizes the argument you will make in your speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify and arrange the main points of your speech according to one of many organizational styles discussed in this chapter.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Connect the points of your speech to one another.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create a preparation and speaking outline for your speech\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/communication\/chapter\/9-3-organizing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing your Speech<\/a>-<span style=\"color: #000000\">Communication in the Real World<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul id=\"jones_1.0-ch09_s03_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Explain the process of organizing a speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify common organizational patterns.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Incorporate supporting materials into a speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Employ verbal citations for various types of supporting material.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>List key organizing signposts.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify the objectives of a speech introduction.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify the objectives of a speech conclusion.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Write-a-Speech-Outline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to\u00a0Write a Speech Outline<\/a>-Wiki How<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Three Areas Covered in the Above Resource:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Crafting Your Introduction,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">Building the Body of Your Speech and Creating Your Closing<\/span>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/businesscommunication\/part\/chapter-12-organization-and-outlines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing\u00a0and Outlining<\/a>-Business Communication for Success<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nThis chapter will help you consider how to organize the information to cover your topic.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Researching Your Speech<\/a>-Comm 101 Public Speaking Saylor.Org<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUpon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>contrast primary and secondary research;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>determine research needs based on the topic and purpose of a speech;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>contrast the nature and value of academic and nonacademic sources;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>determine the value of sources by using specific guidelines;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>choose the most effective method for citing sources within a speech;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>paraphrase information from a source;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>summarize information from a source;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify information from sources that is and is not suitable for quotation; and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>revise passages from a speech that display ethical issues in the use of sources.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/publicspeaking\/part\/chapter-10-creating-the-body-of-a-speech\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Creating the Body of a Speech<\/strong><\/a>-<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Stand Up Speak Out the Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul id=\"wrench_1.0-ch10_s01_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Revisit the function of a specific purpose.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to make the transition from a specific purpose to a series of main points.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Be able to narrow a speech from all the possible points to the main points.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain how to prepare meaningful main points.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Differentiate among the common speech organizational patterns: categorical\/topical, comparison\/contrast, spatial, chronological, biographical, causal, problem-cause-solution, and psychological.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to choose the best organizational pattern, or combination of patterns, for a specific speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand the importance of transitions within a speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify and be able to use a variety of transition words to create effective transitions within a speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to use a variety of strategies to help audience members keep up with a speech\u2019s content: internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>See what a full speech body looks like in order to identify major components of the speech body.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Body of a Speech<\/a>-Comm 101 Public Speaking Saylor.org<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nUpon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>develop main points to support the specific purposes of your speech;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify appropriate organizational patterns for presenting different types of information to a listening audience;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify effective transitions and signposts to improve the coherence and clarity of a speech;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify the role and purpose of previews, internal summaries, and signposts; and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>point out the major elements (main points, supporting detail, transitions, signposts) used in the body of a sample speech.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/preparing-the-speech-a-process-outline-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preparing the Speech:A Process Outline<\/a>-<span style=\"color: #000000\">Communications\/Boundless<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"content__top\">\r\n<div class=\"viewport-padding\">\r\n<div class=\"site-width container\">\r\n<p class=\"content__title\"><strong>Preparing the Speech: A Process Outline<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Components of a Speech (Introduction, Body, Conclusion and Transitions)<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Steps of Preparing a Speech<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Choosing a Topic<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Analyzing the Who, Why, and Where<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Topic Research: Gathering Materials and Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Developing Your Thesis<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Supporting Your Ideas<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Organizing and Outlining the Speech<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Wording the Speech<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Preparing to Present<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Practice makes perfect!<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Delivering the Speech<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"content__title\">Details like how you dress, enunciate, and use body language can be just as important as what you say.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/chapter-8-introduction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing and Outlining<\/a>-Principles of Public Speaking\/Lumen<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Select a topic appropriate to the audience and occasion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Formulate a specific purpose statement that identifies precisely what you will do in your speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Craft a thesis statement that clearly and succinctly summarizes the argument you will make in your speech.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify and arrange the main points of your speech according to one of many organizational styles discussed in this chapter.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u2028Connect the points of your speech to one another.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create a preparation and speaking outline for your speech.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining-<\/a>Saylor<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nThis unit explores the use of outlining in preparation for giving a speech. In this unit and the next, consider critically the authors' recommendation to favor sentence outlines over keyword outlines.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/preparing-the-speech-a-process-outline-3\/steps-of-preparing-a-speech-26\/organizing-and-outlining-the-speech-123-1414\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing and Outlining a Speech<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Arrange your speech \u2013 your thesis, additional points, and supporting evidence \u2013 in a way that will make sense to your audience.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/folders\/0B0X_xc0KLyncRWF3NS0wZnRRQUU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a>-Open Course Library<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Checklist for Preparing a Speech Outline and Speech Outline Template<\/span>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a>-Comm 101 Public Speaking Saylor.org<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nUpon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>explain the functions of an outline for a public presentation;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>contrast the three types of outlines: working outline, full-sentence outline, and speaking outline;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>compare the use of notecards, manuscripts, and outlines when delivering a speech; and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify the five principles of outline creation: singularity, consistency, adequacy, uniformity, and parallelism.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/oer.galileo.usg.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=communication-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a> -Exploring Public Speaking (Chapter 8)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nChapter 6 (pages 108-130)\r\nOrganizing and Outlining Your Speech\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1DFzmv83zaO0EwMkFaHHwdGTF5nnFq6GqMLwaCcSC9sQ\/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a>-Professional Communication Full eTextbook<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nBasic Outline Framework Provided (pages 292-300)\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Video-Outlining (Openly Licensed)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/cpRi65RNElE[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Supplemental Material (Free to use for Instructional and Educational Purposes-Not Openly Licensed) \u00a0See section on <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/about-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">license information<\/a> for more information<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/speech-preparation-3-outline-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Speech Outline<\/a>-6 minutes Speaking and Presentation Skills<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nContents in Above Resource:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Writing a Speech Outline<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Basic Speech Outline<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speech Outline Variants<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Outline Writing Tips<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speech Outline Extended Example<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.write-out-loud.com\/sample-speech-outline.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a>-Write Out Loud<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">The process of outlining a speech is broken down into 4 essential steps.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: medium\">T<\/span>he sample speech outline template below will help clarify what you want to say\u00a0<i>as well as<\/i>\u00a0help organize your material.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmich.edu\/office_provost\/academicaffairs\/cbtc\/documents\/sampleoutlines.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Example of an Informative Speech Outline<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/mauispeech\/html\/outlining_a_speech.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Outlining a Speech<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\nSeveral handouts that will help you prepare, organize, and outline your informative speech. The handouts are available in Adobe Acrobat PDF format for viewing, printing, and downloading with the Acrobat Reader Plug-in.\r\n\r\nSource:University of Hawai'i Maui Community College Speech Department\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.speaking.pitt.edu\/student\/public-speaking\/outlining.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Outlining-University of Pittsburgh<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\nDescription of Material:\r\n\r\nCreating an outline for your speech involves at least three main principles: making sure you have all the right parts, using proper outlining form, and properly documenting sources. This may seem like a lot of work, but it is essential in being able to follow that age-old advice about public speaking: \u201ctell \u2018em what you are going to tell \u2018em, tell \u2018em, and tell \u2018em what you\u2019ve told 'em\"\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcckc.edu\/tutoring\/docs\/br\/english\/Speech_Outline.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Developing an Effective Speech Outline<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nDescription of Material:\r\n\r\n<em>Developing an Effective Speech Outline:<\/em>\r\nIf you were planning to build a house from scratch, you would require a plan or blueprint to follow. This blueprint would show you exactly where every door, window, wall, and stairway was located and show its relationship to every other structural detail. This blueprint would provide you with \"at a glance\" answers to questions concerning content and structure of your proposed house and would allow you to proceed with its construction in an orderly manner. Just as plans and blueprints are essential to builders; so, too, are outlines essential to effective speakers.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1CGW1Pp6GKPy9hz9QRaSemcM3yaD3ExeTebauamlW6pU\/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Informative Speech Outline<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nInformative Speech Outline Template\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/27448314\/chapter-11-outlining-the-speech-flash-cards\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining Speech<\/a>-Quizlet<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<p class=\"UIHeading UIHeading--one\">Outlining the Speech (Created by: dnbitout24 on Quizlet)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lssc.edu\/faculty\/geni_wright\/Outline%20Guides\/Speech%20Outline%20Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Speech Outline Guide<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>\u00a0Lumen-Introduction to Communication-<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontocommunication\/chapter\/chapter-6-overview\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Communication Research<\/a><\/b><\/span>\r\n\r\nAfter reading this chapter you should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understand what we consider as Communication research.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain how Communication research is done.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify motivational factors that influence Communication research.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the three broad approaches to Communication research as well as specific research methodologies.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Selecting a Speech Topic<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h2><\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/lgimages.s3.amazonaws.com\/data\/imagemanager\/28249\/topics1.png\" width=\"292\" height=\"273\" \/>\r\n<h6>http:\/\/libguides.auburn.edu\/c.php?g=518952&amp;p=3551237<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000\">Below are resources and websites that can assist students in choosing and researching topics for their presentations:<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Openly Licensed Material<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_business-communication-for-success\/s14-02-choosing-a-topic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choosing a Topic<\/a>-Business Communication for Success<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Key Takeaway:\r\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Choosing a speech topic involves knowing yourself and your audience; using efficient strategies; and understanding appeal, appropriateness, and ability. When you have accomplished these steps, you will be able to write a good thesis statement.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/preparing-the-speech-a-process-outline-3\/steps-of-preparing-a-speech-26\/choosing-a-topic-118-10679\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choosing a Topic<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<h4 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Learning <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">Objective:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Discuss different strategies for choosing a speech topic<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/choosing-a-topic-6\/finding-and-selecting-a-topic-35\/the-importance-of-choosing-a-good-topic-153-5754\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Importance of Choosing a Good Topic<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong>\r\n<h4 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\">Key Point:<\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">When you tell a story, you want your\u00a0audience\u00a0to be engaged, so you choose a\u00a0topic\u00a0that will\u00a0interest\u00a0your audience. The same goes for speech giving.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/toastmasters.wikia.com\/wiki\/Choose_a_topic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choose a Topic<\/a>-Toastmasters Wiki<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"mw-headline\">Topic Choosing Tips<\/span>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lumen.instructure.com\/courses\/218897\/pages\/linkedtext54173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Importance of Choosing a Good Topic<\/a>-Lumen<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Description:<\/strong>\r\nDo not forget that your speech will be delivered to an audience. It is more likely that your audience will be engaged by your speech if they feel that the speaker is invested in the topic they are speaking about. Therefore, it is important to choose a topic that you are excited by and find interesting because this will likely come across in the speech that you give, increasing the likelihood that you achieve your speech's purpose.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/communication\/chapter\/9-1-selecting-and-narrowing-a-topic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Selecting and Narrowing a Topic<\/a>-Communication in the Real World<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Key Takeaways:<\/strong>\r\n<ul id=\"jones_1.0-ch09_s01_s02_s04_l02\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>The general and specific purposes of your speech are based on the speaking occasion and include the objective you would like to accomplish by the end of your speech. Determining these early in the speech-making process will help focus your research and writing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Brainstorm to identify topics that fit within your interests, and then narrow your topic based on audience analysis and the guidelines provided.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A thesis statement summarizes the central idea of your speech and will be explained or defended using supporting material. Referencing your thesis statement often will help ensure that your speech is coherent.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic<\/a>-Comm 101 Public Speaking Saylor.Org<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nUpon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>identify the general purpose of a speech based on its content;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>recognize the common forms of informative, persuasive, and entertaining speeches;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>name the four primary constraints of topic selection;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>describe relationships between a speaker's traits, audience polling, topic selection and the purpose of a speech; and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>choose the most appropriate tip for creating specific purposes under a given circumstance.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/guides.lib.odu.edu\/ideagenerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Idea Generator-<\/a>Old Dominion University Libguide<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-wrapper-12532335\" class=\"s-lg-box-wrapper-12532335\">\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-10635226-container\" class=\"s-lib-box-container\">\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-10635226\" class=\"s-lib-box s-lib-box-std\">\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-collapse-10635226\">\r\n<div class=\"s-lib-box-content\">\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-content-21967377\" class=\" clearfix\">\r\n\r\nStruggling with ideas for an upcoming term paper, speech, presentation, etc.?\r\n\r\nOn this website are tabs representing a broad number of categories. Click on one to browse through a variety of key words and phrases; then explore the ideas and devise a more specific topic.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-wrapper-12532338\" class=\"s-lg-box-wrapper-12532338\">\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-10635290-container\" class=\"s-lib-box-container\">\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-10635290\" class=\"s-lib-box s-lib-box-std\">\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-collapse-10635290\">\r\n<div class=\"s-lib-box-content\">\r\n<div id=\"s-lg-content-21967443\" class=\" clearfix\">\r\n\r\nThe \"Idea Generator\" was first created by Cynthia Wright Swaine in 1994 as a Web-based tool to help students at ODU, both on and off campus, select topics for papers or other assignments. It quickly caught on and was used by students everywhere. \"Idea generator\" has become a generic term.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<strong><a href=\"\/\/catalog.flatworldknowledge.com\/bookhub\/reader\/3795?e=wrench_1.0-ch06_s02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Selecting a Topic<\/a>-<span style=\"color: #000000\">Stand Up, Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul id=\"wrench_1.0-ch06_s02_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Understand the four primary constraints of topic selection.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Demonstrate an understanding of how a topic is narrowed from a broad subject area to a manageable specific purpose.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Select-a-Topic-for-a-Speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3 Ways to Select a Topic<\/a>-WikiHow<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Description:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSelecting a topic for a speech can be overwhelming. You may feel that you have an infinite amount of topics to choose from, but there are a few strategies that can help narrow down your choices. To select the perfect topic for a speech, you have to consider your knowledge and interests as well as your audience and purpose. If you want to know how to select a topic for a speech that will give you a standing ovation, just follow these steps.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Supplemental Material (Free to use for Instructional and Educational Purposes-Not Openly Licensed) \u00a0See section on <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/about-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">license information<\/a> for more information<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/speech-topics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Secret of Choosing a Successful Speech Topic<\/a>-6 Minutes<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nThis article reveals\u00a0three questions you must ask before choosing your speech topic, and how the answers lead you to great speech topics for you and your audience.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/colgateslf.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/02\/selecting-your-speech-topic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Selecting a Speech Topic<\/a>-Colgate Files<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nChoosing an excellent speech topic involves several steps:\r\n\r\nGenerate a list of ideas for possible topics\r\nSelect a topic\r\nFocus the topic\r\nDetermine your general purpose\r\nFormulate your specific purpose\r\nWord your thesis statement\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.speech-topics-help.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Speech Topics Help<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\n<strong>Description:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSpeech topics lists\u00a0with\u00a0free persuasive and informative ideas\u00a0and\u00a0class writing tips\u00a0on outlining your public speaking oral all under one website hosting roof. My how to guides, tutorials and information have just one goal: to help you developing the best topic for all types of speechwriting assignments. My student reference guide with instant propositions, hundreds of tips and education resources.\u00a0<i>Use my search feature on top to quickly find all information you want!<\/i>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/mauispeech\/html\/infotopichelp.html#General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Topic Selection Helper<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\n<strong>Description:\r\n<\/strong>This website houses lists of subjects to help you select a topic, but be aware that many of these subjects are broad and would need to be narrowed for a classroom speech. For example,\u00a0advertising\u00a0could be narrowed to\u00a0political attack ads\u00a0or\u00a0tobacco ads.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.refdesk.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Refdesk<\/a>\u00a0is a free and family friendly web site indexing and reviewing quality, credible, and current Internet reference resources.<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/trendingtopics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter Trending Topics<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe topics that are being talked about most on Twitter.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/infoweb.newsbank.com\/iw-search\/we\/Static\/?p_product=Hottopics&amp;f_location=hottopics&amp;p_theme=hottopics&amp;p_action=doc&amp;p_nbid=Q68Y52NJMTM0NjMzMjExOS4xNTk3Njk6MToxNToxMzEuMjA0LjE3NC4xNjg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Hot Topics-Newsbank<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\nVariety of topics and subjects including Current Events, Business and Economics Research Topics, Social Studies Research Topics, Science and Health Research Topics, Sports Research Topics, Arts and Literature Research Topics and People Research Topics.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reddit<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<b>Reddit<\/b>\u00a0is an American\u00a0social news\u00a0aggregation, web content\u00a0rating, and\u00a0discussion\u00a0website. Reddit's registered community members can submit content such as text posts or direct links. Registered users can then vote submissions up or down that determines their position on the page. Submissions with the most up-votes appear on the front page or the top of a category. Content entries are organized by areas of interest called \"subreddits\". Subreddit topics include news, science, gaming, movies, music, books, fitness, food, image-sharing, and many others. The site prohibits harassment, and moderation requires substantial resources.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ohlheiser_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\r\n\r\nAs of 2017, Reddit had 542 million monthly visitors (234 million unique users), ranking #4 most visited website in U.S. and #9 in the world.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Across 2015, Reddit saw 82.54 billion pageviews, 73.15 million submissions, 725.85 million comments, and 6.89 billion upvotes from its users.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chronicling America<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nProvides free access to millions of historic American newspaper pages. Listed here are topics widely covered in the American press of the time.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ereadingworksheets.com\/writing\/persuasive-essay-topics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>101 Persuasive Essay and Speech Topics<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\nWhether you are a student in need of a persuasive essay topic, or a teacher looking to assign a persuasive essay,\u00a0this list of 101 persuasive essay topics is a great resource.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.myspeechclass.com\/informativetopics2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>620 Interesting Informative Speech Ideas and Topics<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\nA list of\u00a0informative speech topics. Be sure to analyze your audience and time limit before selecting a topic. These topics can be used as they are, or you might have to make them more precise to suit the situation (available time, class requirements, etc.). New topics added weekly. Do you have an idea you would like to share? Send it to us, and we will publish them on the page.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/idebate.org\/about-idea-nw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iDebate<\/a>-International Debate Education Association<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Description:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWe aspire to be the world's leading provider of debate education, offering debate resources, debate training and debate events to educators, youth groups and young people across the world.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.procon.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ProCon<\/a>-The Leading Source for Pros &amp; Cons of Controversial Issues<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nProCon.org, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit nonpartisan public charity, provides professionally-researched pro, con, and related information on more than 50 controversial issues from gun control and death penalty to illegal immigration and alternative energy. Using the fair, FREE, and unbiased resources at ProCon.org, millions of people each year learn new facts, think critically about both sides of important issues, and strengthen their minds and opinions.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/prezi.com\/bfdbr9pjpie1\/?utm_campaign=share&amp;utm_medium=copy&amp;rc=ex0share\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choosing a Speech Topic<\/a>-Prezi (Catherine Combs)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Choosing the Perfect Topic Presentation<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMake sure to select a topic that will interest you, and that you believe will interest your audience.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic for Public Speaking Tools.\u00a0Authored by: Christie Fierro.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/Cy4uu3w91xg[\/embed]\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Overcoming the Fear of Speaking in Public<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/c1.staticflickr.com\/4\/3252\/2814951286_f2246ac6d5_b.jpg\" alt=\"Image result for stage fright\" width=\"437\" height=\"291\" \/>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Openly licensed Material<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/techniques-for-building-confidence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Techniques for Building Confidence<\/a>-Public Speaking Principles-Lumen<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">After reading this resource the reader will be able to answer the following:<\/span>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>What percentage of the general population is likely dealing with Communication Apprehension?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are some of the potential issues or problems that can result from Communication Apprehension?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are some of the different ways researchers classify Communication Apprehension? What are the differences between these ideas?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are some of your sources of Communication Apprehension ? Would you classify these as examples of trait-anxiety or state-anxiety?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does Cognitive Restructuring work? Does it work the same for every person who tries it?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What does it mean to become conversant in your topic?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Why is memorizing a presentation a risky move? Is there any part of your presentation that should be memorized?\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.publicspeakingproject.org\/confidence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Speaking With Confidence<\/a><\/span>-Public Speaking Project<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nObjectives in Above Resource:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understand the nature of communicative apprehension (CA), and be in a better position to deal with your particular \u201cbrand\u201d of CA<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Analyze objectively the formation of your habitual frame of reference<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Apply cognitive restructuring (CR) techniques to create a more positive frame of reference<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand the importance of customized practice to become conversant in your topic<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create a personal preparation routine to minimize your apprehension\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/introduction-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Lumen-Principles of Public Speaking<\/strong><\/span><\/a>After reading this chapter, you should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00adUnderstand the nature of communicative apprehension (CA), and be in a better position to deal with your particular \u201cbrand\u201d of CA.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Analyze objectively the formation of your habitual frame of reference.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Apply cognitive restructuring (CR) techniques to create a more positive frame of reference.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand the importance of customized practice to become conversant in your topic.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create a personal preparation routine to minimize your apprehension.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/communication\/chapter\/10-1-managing-public-speaking-anxiety\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Managing Public Speaking Anxiety<\/a>-Communication in the Real World<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Learning Objectives in the Above Resource:<\/strong>\r\n<ul id=\"jones_1.0-ch10_s01_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Discuss common sources of public speaking anxiety.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify strategies for addressing public speaking anxiety.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Employ strategies for addressing public speaking anxiety.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-standupspeakout\/chapter\/chapter-3-speaking-confidently\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Speaking Confidently<\/a>-Stand Up, Speak Out<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Description:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn this chapter, we will help you gain knowledge about speaking confidently by exploring what communication apprehension is, examining the different types and causes of communication apprehension, suggesting strategies you can use to manage your fears of public speaking, and providing tactics you can use to deal with a variety of unexpected events you might encounter while speaking.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Speaking Confidently<\/a>-Saylor<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Description:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUnfortunately, understanding the anxiety which you may experience about public speaking does not necessarily help to alleviate it. However, as this unit of the course emphasizes, recognizing how your anxiety manifests itself in your behavior and then being able to try out a few recommendations for managing it can at least make you feel more empowered to carry on regardless. This unit will explore what is communication apprehension, where it comes from, and suggestions and tips on how it can be minimized.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/oer.galileo.usg.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=communication-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anxiety and Public Speaking<\/a>-Exploring Public Speaking (2nd revision) <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff\"><strong>Refer to Section 1.2 (page 12)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1DFzmv83zaO0EwMkFaHHwdGTF5nnFq6GqMLwaCcSC9sQ\/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stress Management Techniques<\/a>-Foundations of Professional Communication Full eTextbook <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Refer to Page 398<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Description:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEven when we use positive thinking and are well prepared, some of us still feel a great deal of anxiety about public speaking. When that is the case, it can be more helpful to use stress management than to try to make the anxiety go away.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-communications\/chapter\/understanding-anxiety\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Building Confidence to Speak<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<a class=\"book-details__link\"><span class=\"mq__no-phone\">Details about this Resource:<\/span>\u00a0<\/a>\r\n<div class=\"viewport-padding\">\r\n<div class=\"container site-width\">\r\n<div class=\"bcp-hub__section-list\">\r\n<div class=\"bcp-hub__section bcp-sans-copy\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__section-list__item__title\">Understanding Anxiety<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__section-list__item__title\">Managing Anxiety<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__section-list__item__title\">Tools for Managing Situational Anxiety<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-hub__section-list__item__title\">Tools for Managing Trait Anxiety\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><em><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Supplemental Material (Free to use for Instructional and Educational Purposes-Not Openly Licensed) \u00a0See section on <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/about-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">license information<\/a> for more information<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>TED Videos<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>The Science of Stage Fright<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/K93fMnFKwfI[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Ann Cuddy-Professor at Harvard University TED Talk. \u00a0Discusses how a 2 minute \"power\" pose can help overcome fear and instill confidence.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/phcDQ0H_LnY[\/embed]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Audience Analysis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/c1.staticflickr.com\/7\/6109\/6293322182_7dab9dfa1e_b.jpg\" alt=\"Image result for audience\" width=\"453\" height=\"302\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/scobleizer\/6293322182\">flickr<\/a><\/h6>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Audience Analysis (Openly licensed M<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">aterial)<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-standupspeakout\/chapter\/chapter-18-audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Stand Up Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the value of acknowledging your audience.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to choose a worthwhile topic.<\/li>\n<li>Explain how to adapt your speech to your audience\u2019s needs.<\/li>\n<li>Explain the value of speaking with credibility.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to gather and use demographic information.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to gather and use psychographic information.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to gather and use situational information.<\/li>\n<li>Learn several tools for gathering audience information.<\/li>\n<li>Create effective tools for gathering audience information.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how you can use your audience analysis when you prepare a speech.<\/li>\n<li>Recognize how your audience analysis can help you alter your speech while speaking.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/publicspeakingproject.org\/PDF%20Files\/aud%20analy%20web%201.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Public Speaking Project<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>List techniques for analyzing a specific target audience.<\/li>\n<li>Explain audience analysis by direct observation.<\/li>\n<li>Describe audience analysis by inference.<\/li>\n<li>Identify the purpose of a basic questionnaire.<\/li>\n<li>Recognize and apply data sampling.<\/li>\n<li>Determine when to use a Likert-type test.<\/li>\n<li>Define the five categories of audience analysis.<\/li>\n<li>Summarize the purpose of the situational analysis.<\/li>\n<li>Explain audience analysis by demography.<\/li>\n<li>Recognize the difference between beliefs, attitudes and values.<\/li>\n<li>Identify reasons for sampling a multicultural audience.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/communication\/chapter\/9-1-selecting-and-narrowing-a-topic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Communication in the Real World<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Key Takeaways in Above\u00a0Text\u00a0Include:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul id=\"jones_1.0-ch09_s01_s02_s04_l02\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\n<li>Getting integrated: Public speaking training builds transferrable skills that are useful in your college classes, career, personal relationships, and civic life.<\/li>\n<li>Demographic, psychographic, and situational audience analysis help tailor your speech content to your audience.<\/li>\n<li>The general and specific purposes of your speech are based on the speaking occasion and include the objective you would like to accomplish by the end of your speech. Determining these early in the speech-making process will help focus your research and writing.<\/li>\n<li>Brainstorm to identify topics that fit within your interests, and then narrow your topic based on audience analysis and the guidelines provided.<\/li>\n<li>A thesis statement summarizes the central idea of your speech and will be explained or defended using supporting material. Referencing your thesis statement often will help ensure that your speech is coherent.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_stand-up-speak-out-the-practice-and-ethics-of-public-speaking\/s08-02-three-types-of-audience-analys.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Three Types of Audience Analysis<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(Saylor)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol id=\"wrench_1.0-ch05_s02_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Understand how to gather and use demographic information.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to gather and use psychographic information.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to gather and use situational information.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/vccs-cst100-17fa\/chapter\/chapter-5-categories-of-audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Categories of Audience Analysis<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(Lumen CST Principles of Public Speaking)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>The Reader Will be Able to Answer the Following Questions from Info in the Above Text:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Why is it important to conduct an audience analysis prior to developing your speech?<\/li>\n<li>What is the purpose of performing a demographics survey?<\/li>\n<li>Why is audience analysis by direct observation the most simple of the three paradigms?<\/li>\n<li>What are some the problems a speaker faces when delivering an unacquainted-audience presentation?<\/li>\n<li>Under what circumstances would a speaker make inferences about an audience during the course of an audience analysis??<\/li>\n<li>What is a variable, and how is it used in data sampling?<\/li>\n<li>Why are statistics considered to be a form of quantitative analysis and not qualitative analysis?<\/li>\n<li>How does conducting a value hierarchy help the speaker when developing a speech?<\/li>\n<li>What value does performing a Likert-type testing of attitudes give the speaker?<\/li>\n<li>Which of the Five Categories of Audience Analysis is the most effective, and why do you think that?<\/li>\n<li>What are the differences between beliefs, attitudes, and values?<\/li>\n<li>What challenges does a speaker face when delivering a speech to a multicultural audience?<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/analyzing-the-audience-7\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Analyzing the Audience<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content__top\">\n<div class=\"viewport-padding\">\n<div class=\"site-width container\"><a class=\"book-details__link\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span class=\"mq__no-phone\">Details about audience analysis in the above text include:<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"viewport-padding\">\n<div class=\"container site-width\">\n<div class=\"bcp-hub__section-list\">\n<div class=\"bcp-hub__section bcp-sans-copy\">\n<ul>\n<li>The Importance of Audience Analysis<\/li>\n<li>The Benefits of Understanding Your Audience<\/li>\n<li>Analyze the audience to find the mix of ages, genders, sexual orientations, educational levels, religions, cultures, ethnicities, and races.<\/li>\n<li>Use knowledge about your audience to step into their minds, create an imaginary scenario, and test your ideas.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Demographic Factors to Consider (Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Education, Religion, Culture, Ethnicity, Race and Group Membership).<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Contextual Factors to Consider\u00a0Overall Psychology of Your Audience: Values, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Needs<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Psychographics of values, needs, attitudes, and beliefs to develop an audience profile and to tailor the speech&#8217;s specific message.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Audience Opinion of You and Your Topic<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Examine favorability in relation to how the audience views both you and the topic for your speech.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Knowledge of the Audience About Your Topic<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Adapting to Your Audience<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__list__item__cta\">Solicit Information<\/li>\n<li>Apply knowledge about the audience to adjust the message before speaking. Observe and process audience responses to further adjust while speaking<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Lumen Principles of Public Speaking-<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/chapter-5-approaches-to-audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Approaches to Audience Analysis<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Categories of Audience Analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Audience Analysis<\/a>-Comm101 Public Speaking Saylor.org<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Upon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>choose a topic and prepare a speech about it that suits that audience&#8217;s needs, based on the audience&#8217;s traits;<\/li>\n<li>describe ways to establish credibility based on a specific audience&#8217;s traits; and<\/li>\n<li>identify the influence that demographic, psychographic, and situational information has in planning a speech.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/oer.galileo.usg.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=communication-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Audience Analysis<\/a>-Exploring Public Speaking: 2nd Revision-GALILEO, University System of Georgia<br \/>\nGALILEO Open Learning Materials<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Chapter 2 (Pages 28-47)-Importance of Audience Analysis<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/businesscommunication\/chapter\/3-4-getting-to-know-your-audience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Getting to Know Your Audience<\/a>-Business Communication for Success<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Key Takeaways in Above\u00a0Text\u00a0Include:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>To better understand your audience, learn about their demographic traits, such as age, gender, and employment status, as these help determine their interests, needs, and goals. In addition, become aware of your perceptions and theirs, and practice fairness in your communications.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1DFzmv83zaO0EwMkFaHHwdGTF5nnFq6GqMLwaCcSC9sQ\/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Getting to Know Your Audience<\/a>-Foundations of Professional Communication e-textbook<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Page 15-28<\/p>\n<p>Upon completing this chapter, you should be able to<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">categorize specific elements of a given communication scenario to the stages of the acronym AUDIENCE,<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">write a complete audience analysis detailing each part of AUDIENCE for a given communication scenario by briefly describing the purpose of a communication and the characteristics of an audience,<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">write a complete audience analysis detailing each part of AUDIENCE for a specific communication task (e.g., letter writing, presentation, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Professional Communication (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.procomoer.org\/foundations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Module 1<\/a>) contains Audience Analysis Information including:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\" style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s3\">Introduction to Audience Analysis (Video)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\" style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s3\">Audience Slide Deck<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s2\"><span class=\"s3\">AUDIENCE Analysis Form<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s7\">\u00a0(Resource \u2013 Job Aid)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\" style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s3\">Performing an Audience Analysis (Assessment)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-6\" title=\"Foundations of Communication - Audience Analysis\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/APJCWgOtnKo?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1DFzmv83zaO0EwMkFaHHwdGTF5nnFq6GqMLwaCcSC9sQ\/edit#heading=h.o4tfeeigk2sz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Professional Communication e-textbook<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Upon completing this chapter, you should be able to<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">categorize specific elements of a given communication scenario to the stages of the acronym AUDIENCE,<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">write a complete audience analysis detailing each part of AUDIENCE for a given communication scenario by briefly describing the purpose of a communication and the characteristics of an audience,<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">write a complete audience analysis detailing each part of AUDIENCE for a specific communication task (e.g., letter writing, presentation, etc.).<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Supplemental Material (Free to use for Instructional and Educational Purposes-Not Openly Licensed) \u00a0See section on <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/about-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">license information<\/a> for more information<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>6 Minutes Speaking and Presentation Skills<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"head-title\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Six Minutes\u00a0<span id=\"head-subtitle\">Speaking and Presentation Skills<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div id=\"head-byline\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Your guide to be a confident\u00a0and effective speaker<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<h6><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/permissions\/#electronic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">read policy for above resource<\/a><\/h6>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/audience-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Audience Analysis: A Guide for Speakers<\/a>&#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"head-title\"><strong>Six Minutes\u00a0<span id=\"head-subtitle\">Speaking and Presentation Skills<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div id=\"head-byline\"><strong>Your guide to be a confident\u00a0and effective speaker<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/totalcommunicator.com\/vol1_4\/audience_article.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Public Speaking Audience Analysis<\/strong><\/a><\/span> (The Total Communicator)<\/p>\n<p><i>The Total Communicator<\/i>\u00a0is an ezine dedicated to the process of communication with a focus on spoken business communication. You will find in-depth articles on presentation skills, public speaking, and how to communicate effectively in the business world.\u00a0<i>The Total Communicator<\/i>\u00a0is published every two months.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.etsca.com\/tscjonline\/1206-cereal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Audience Analysis Class Activity<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>From Texas Speech Communication Journal Online<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">YouTube<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Audience Analysis<\/strong><\/span> (Stephen Klien)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Audience Analysis for Public Speaking\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zb-iuMhl7xA?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Researching, Organizing and Outlining a Speech<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.pixabay.com\/photo\/2015\/11\/03\/09\/23\/speech-1020352_960_720.jpg\" alt=\"Speech, Stage, Lecture, Microphone, Fair, Occurs\" width=\"315\" height=\"315\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/speech-stage-lecture-microphone-1020352\/\">pixabay.com<\/a><\/h6>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Openly Licensed Material<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeaking\/chapter\/chapter-8-outlining-your-speech\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing and Outlining<\/a>-Lumen<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">After reading the above text the student will be able to answer the following:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Name three questions you should ask yourself when selecting a topic.<\/li>\n<li>What is the difference between a general and specific purpose statement? Write examples of each for each of these topics: dog training, baking a cake, climate change.<\/li>\n<li>How does the thesis statement differ from the specific purpose statement?<\/li>\n<li>Which speech organization style arranges points by time? Which one arranges points by direction? Which one arranges points according to a five-step sequence?<\/li>\n<li>Which speech organization styles are best suited for persuasive speeches?<\/li>\n<li>Define signpost. What are three types of signposts?<\/li>\n<li>What is the correct format for a speech outline?<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.publicspeakingproject.org\/outlining.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing and Outlining<\/a>-Public Speaking Project<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Chapter Objectives for the Above Text:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Select a topic appropriate to the audience and occasion.<\/li>\n<li>Formulate a specific purpose statement that identifies precisely what you will do in your speech.<\/li>\n<li>Craft a thesis statement that clearly and succinctly summarizes the argument you will make in your speech.<\/li>\n<li>Identify and arrange the main points of your speech according to one of many organizational styles discussed in this chapter.<\/li>\n<li>Connect the points of your speech to one another.<\/li>\n<li>Create a preparation and speaking outline for your speech<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/communication\/chapter\/9-3-organizing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing your Speech<\/a>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #000000\">Communication in the Real World<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul id=\"jones_1.0-ch09_s03_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Explain the process of organizing a speech.<\/li>\n<li>Identify common organizational patterns.<\/li>\n<li>Incorporate supporting materials into a speech.<\/li>\n<li>Employ verbal citations for various types of supporting material.<\/li>\n<li>List key organizing signposts.<\/li>\n<li>Identify the objectives of a speech introduction.<\/li>\n<li>Identify the objectives of a speech conclusion.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Write-a-Speech-Outline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to\u00a0Write a Speech Outline<\/a>-Wiki How<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Three Areas Covered in the Above Resource:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Crafting Your Introduction,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">Building the Body of Your Speech and Creating Your Closing<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/businesscommunication\/part\/chapter-12-organization-and-outlines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing\u00a0and Outlining<\/a>-Business Communication for Success<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This chapter will help you consider how to organize the information to cover your topic.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Researching Your Speech<\/a>-Comm 101 Public Speaking Saylor.Org<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Upon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>contrast primary and secondary research;<\/li>\n<li>determine research needs based on the topic and purpose of a speech;<\/li>\n<li>contrast the nature and value of academic and nonacademic sources;<\/li>\n<li>determine the value of sources by using specific guidelines;<\/li>\n<li>choose the most effective method for citing sources within a speech;<\/li>\n<li>paraphrase information from a source;<\/li>\n<li>summarize information from a source;<\/li>\n<li>identify information from sources that is and is not suitable for quotation; and<\/li>\n<li>revise passages from a speech that display ethical issues in the use of sources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/publicspeaking\/part\/chapter-10-creating-the-body-of-a-speech\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Creating the Body of a Speech<\/strong><\/a>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Stand Up Speak Out the Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul id=\"wrench_1.0-ch10_s01_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Revisit the function of a specific purpose.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to make the transition from a specific purpose to a series of main points.<\/li>\n<li>Be able to narrow a speech from all the possible points to the main points.<\/li>\n<li>Explain how to prepare meaningful main points.<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate among the common speech organizational patterns: categorical\/topical, comparison\/contrast, spatial, chronological, biographical, causal, problem-cause-solution, and psychological.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to choose the best organizational pattern, or combination of patterns, for a specific speech.<\/li>\n<li>Understand the importance of transitions within a speech.<\/li>\n<li>Identify and be able to use a variety of transition words to create effective transitions within a speech.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to use a variety of strategies to help audience members keep up with a speech\u2019s content: internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts.<\/li>\n<li>See what a full speech body looks like in order to identify major components of the speech body.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Body of a Speech<\/a>-Comm 101 Public Speaking Saylor.org<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Upon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>develop main points to support the specific purposes of your speech;<\/li>\n<li>identify appropriate organizational patterns for presenting different types of information to a listening audience;<\/li>\n<li>identify effective transitions and signposts to improve the coherence and clarity of a speech;<\/li>\n<li>identify the role and purpose of previews, internal summaries, and signposts; and<\/li>\n<li>point out the major elements (main points, supporting detail, transitions, signposts) used in the body of a sample speech.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/preparing-the-speech-a-process-outline-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preparing the Speech:A Process Outline<\/a>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #000000\">Communications\/Boundless<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content__top\">\n<div class=\"viewport-padding\">\n<div class=\"site-width container\">\n<p class=\"content__title\"><strong>Preparing the Speech: A Process Outline<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Components of a Speech (Introduction, Body, Conclusion and Transitions)<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Steps of Preparing a Speech<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Choosing a Topic<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Analyzing the Who, Why, and Where<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Topic Research: Gathering Materials and Evidence<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Developing Your Thesis<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Supporting Your Ideas<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Organizing and Outlining the Speech<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Wording the Speech<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Preparing to Present<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Practice makes perfect!<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Delivering the Speech<\/li>\n<li class=\"content__title\">Details like how you dress, enunciate, and use body language can be just as important as what you say.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/chapter-8-introduction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing and Outlining<\/a>-Principles of Public Speaking\/Lumen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives covered in the \u00a0above text include:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Select a topic appropriate to the audience and occasion.<\/li>\n<li>Formulate a specific purpose statement that identifies precisely what you will do in your speech.<\/li>\n<li>Craft a thesis statement that clearly and succinctly summarizes the argument you will make in your speech.<\/li>\n<li>Identify and arrange the main points of your speech according to one of many organizational styles discussed in this chapter.<\/li>\n<li>\u2028Connect the points of your speech to one another.<\/li>\n<li>Create a preparation and speaking outline for your speech.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining-<\/a>Saylor<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This unit explores the use of outlining in preparation for giving a speech. In this unit and the next, consider critically the authors&#8217; recommendation to favor sentence outlines over keyword outlines.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/preparing-the-speech-a-process-outline-3\/steps-of-preparing-a-speech-26\/organizing-and-outlining-the-speech-123-1414\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organizing and Outlining a Speech<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Arrange your speech \u2013 your thesis, additional points, and supporting evidence \u2013 in a way that will make sense to your audience.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/folders\/0B0X_xc0KLyncRWF3NS0wZnRRQUU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a>-Open Course Library<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Checklist for Preparing a Speech Outline and Speech Outline Template<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a>-Comm 101 Public Speaking Saylor.org<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Upon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>explain the functions of an outline for a public presentation;<\/li>\n<li>contrast the three types of outlines: working outline, full-sentence outline, and speaking outline;<\/li>\n<li>compare the use of notecards, manuscripts, and outlines when delivering a speech; and<\/li>\n<li>identify the five principles of outline creation: singularity, consistency, adequacy, uniformity, and parallelism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/oer.galileo.usg.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=communication-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a> -Exploring Public Speaking (Chapter 8)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Chapter 6 (pages 108-130)<br \/>\nOrganizing and Outlining Your Speech<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1DFzmv83zaO0EwMkFaHHwdGTF5nnFq6GqMLwaCcSC9sQ\/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a>-Professional Communication Full eTextbook<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Basic Outline Framework Provided (pages 292-300)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Video-Outlining (Openly Licensed)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Outlining\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cpRi65RNElE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Supplemental Material (Free to use for Instructional and Educational Purposes-Not Openly Licensed) \u00a0See section on <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/about-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">license information<\/a> for more information<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/speech-preparation-3-outline-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Speech Outline<\/a>-6 minutes Speaking and Presentation Skills<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Contents in Above Resource:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Writing a Speech Outline<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Basic Speech Outline<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speech Outline Variants<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Outline Writing Tips<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speech Outline Extended Example<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.write-out-loud.com\/sample-speech-outline.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining<\/a>-Write Out Loud<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The process of outlining a speech is broken down into 4 essential steps.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: medium\">T<\/span>he sample speech outline template below will help clarify what you want to say\u00a0<i>as well as<\/i>\u00a0help organize your material.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmich.edu\/office_provost\/academicaffairs\/cbtc\/documents\/sampleoutlines.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Example of an Informative Speech Outline<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/mauispeech\/html\/outlining_a_speech.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Outlining a Speech<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Several handouts that will help you prepare, organize, and outline your informative speech. The handouts are available in Adobe Acrobat PDF format for viewing, printing, and downloading with the Acrobat Reader Plug-in.<\/p>\n<p>Source:University of Hawai&#8217;i Maui Community College Speech Department<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.speaking.pitt.edu\/student\/public-speaking\/outlining.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Outlining-University of Pittsburgh<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Description of Material:<\/p>\n<p>Creating an outline for your speech involves at least three main principles: making sure you have all the right parts, using proper outlining form, and properly documenting sources. This may seem like a lot of work, but it is essential in being able to follow that age-old advice about public speaking: \u201ctell \u2018em what you are going to tell \u2018em, tell \u2018em, and tell \u2018em what you\u2019ve told &#8217;em&#8221;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcckc.edu\/tutoring\/docs\/br\/english\/Speech_Outline.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Developing an Effective Speech Outline<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Description of Material:<\/p>\n<p><em>Developing an Effective Speech Outline:<\/em><br \/>\nIf you were planning to build a house from scratch, you would require a plan or blueprint to follow. This blueprint would show you exactly where every door, window, wall, and stairway was located and show its relationship to every other structural detail. This blueprint would provide you with &#8220;at a glance&#8221; answers to questions concerning content and structure of your proposed house and would allow you to proceed with its construction in an orderly manner. Just as plans and blueprints are essential to builders; so, too, are outlines essential to effective speakers.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1CGW1Pp6GKPy9hz9QRaSemcM3yaD3ExeTebauamlW6pU\/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Informative Speech Outline<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Informative Speech Outline Template<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/27448314\/chapter-11-outlining-the-speech-flash-cards\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outlining Speech<\/a>-Quizlet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"UIHeading UIHeading--one\">Outlining the Speech (Created by: dnbitout24 on Quizlet)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lssc.edu\/faculty\/geni_wright\/Outline%20Guides\/Speech%20Outline%20Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Speech Outline Guide<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>\u00a0Lumen-Introduction to Communication-<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontocommunication\/chapter\/chapter-6-overview\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Communication Research<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>After reading this chapter you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand what we consider as Communication research.<\/li>\n<li>Explain how Communication research is done.<\/li>\n<li>Identify motivational factors that influence Communication research.<\/li>\n<li>Explain the three broad approaches to Communication research as well as specific research methodologies.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Selecting a Speech Topic<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/lgimages.s3.amazonaws.com\/data\/imagemanager\/28249\/topics1.png\" width=\"292\" height=\"273\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>http:\/\/libguides.auburn.edu\/c.php?g=518952&amp;p=3551237<\/h6>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000\">Below are resources and websites that can assist students in choosing and researching topics for their presentations:<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Openly Licensed Material<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_business-communication-for-success\/s14-02-choosing-a-topic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choosing a Topic<\/a>-Business Communication for Success<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Key Takeaway:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Choosing a speech topic involves knowing yourself and your audience; using efficient strategies; and understanding appeal, appropriateness, and ability. When you have accomplished these steps, you will be able to write a good thesis statement.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/preparing-the-speech-a-process-outline-3\/steps-of-preparing-a-speech-26\/choosing-a-topic-118-10679\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choosing a Topic<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Learning <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">Objective:<\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Discuss different strategies for choosing a speech topic<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/communications\/textbooks\/boundless-communications-textbook\/choosing-a-topic-6\/finding-and-selecting-a-topic-35\/the-importance-of-choosing-a-good-topic-153-5754\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Importance of Choosing a Good Topic<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\">Key Point:<\/h4>\n<p class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">When you tell a story, you want your\u00a0audience\u00a0to be engaged, so you choose a\u00a0topic\u00a0that will\u00a0interest\u00a0your audience. The same goes for speech giving.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/toastmasters.wikia.com\/wiki\/Choose_a_topic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choose a Topic<\/a>-Toastmasters Wiki<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"mw-headline\">Topic Choosing Tips<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lumen.instructure.com\/courses\/218897\/pages\/linkedtext54173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Importance of Choosing a Good Topic<\/a>-Lumen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong><br \/>\nDo not forget that your speech will be delivered to an audience. It is more likely that your audience will be engaged by your speech if they feel that the speaker is invested in the topic they are speaking about. Therefore, it is important to choose a topic that you are excited by and find interesting because this will likely come across in the speech that you give, increasing the likelihood that you achieve your speech&#8217;s purpose.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/communication\/chapter\/9-1-selecting-and-narrowing-a-topic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Selecting and Narrowing a Topic<\/a>-Communication in the Real World<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Takeaways:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul id=\"jones_1.0-ch09_s01_s02_s04_l02\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\n<li>The general and specific purposes of your speech are based on the speaking occasion and include the objective you would like to accomplish by the end of your speech. Determining these early in the speech-making process will help focus your research and writing.<\/li>\n<li>Brainstorm to identify topics that fit within your interests, and then narrow your topic based on audience analysis and the guidelines provided.<\/li>\n<li>A thesis statement summarizes the central idea of your speech and will be explained or defended using supporting material. Referencing your thesis statement often will help ensure that your speech is coherent.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic<\/a>-Comm 101 Public Speaking Saylor.Org<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Upon successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>identify the general purpose of a speech based on its content;<\/li>\n<li>recognize the common forms of informative, persuasive, and entertaining speeches;<\/li>\n<li>name the four primary constraints of topic selection;<\/li>\n<li>describe relationships between a speaker&#8217;s traits, audience polling, topic selection and the purpose of a speech; and<\/li>\n<li>choose the most appropriate tip for creating specific purposes under a given circumstance.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/guides.lib.odu.edu\/ideagenerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Idea Generator-<\/a>Old Dominion University Libguide<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-wrapper-12532335\" class=\"s-lg-box-wrapper-12532335\">\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-10635226-container\" class=\"s-lib-box-container\">\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-10635226\" class=\"s-lib-box s-lib-box-std\">\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-collapse-10635226\">\n<div class=\"s-lib-box-content\">\n<div id=\"s-lg-content-21967377\" class=\"clearfix\">\n<p>Struggling with ideas for an upcoming term paper, speech, presentation, etc.?<\/p>\n<p>On this website are tabs representing a broad number of categories. Click on one to browse through a variety of key words and phrases; then explore the ideas and devise a more specific topic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-wrapper-12532338\" class=\"s-lg-box-wrapper-12532338\">\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-10635290-container\" class=\"s-lib-box-container\">\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-10635290\" class=\"s-lib-box s-lib-box-std\">\n<div id=\"s-lg-box-collapse-10635290\">\n<div class=\"s-lib-box-content\">\n<div id=\"s-lg-content-21967443\" class=\"clearfix\">\n<p>The &#8220;Idea Generator&#8221; was first created by Cynthia Wright Swaine in 1994 as a Web-based tool to help students at ODU, both on and off campus, select topics for papers or other assignments. It quickly caught on and was used by students everywhere. &#8220;Idea generator&#8221; has become a generic term.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><a href=\"\/\/catalog.flatworldknowledge.com\/bookhub\/reader\/3795?e=wrench_1.0-ch06_s02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Selecting a Topic<\/a>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #000000\">Stand Up, Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Learning Objectives:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul id=\"wrench_1.0-ch06_s02_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Understand the four primary constraints of topic selection.<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate an understanding of how a topic is narrowed from a broad subject area to a manageable specific purpose.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Select-a-Topic-for-a-Speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3 Ways to Select a Topic<\/a>-WikiHow<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Selecting a topic for a speech can be overwhelming. You may feel that you have an infinite amount of topics to choose from, but there are a few strategies that can help narrow down your choices. To select the perfect topic for a speech, you have to consider your knowledge and interests as well as your audience and purpose. If you want to know how to select a topic for a speech that will give you a standing ovation, just follow these steps.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Supplemental Material (Free to use for Instructional and Educational Purposes-Not Openly Licensed) \u00a0See section on <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/about-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">license information<\/a> for more information<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sixminutes.dlugan.com\/speech-topics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Secret of Choosing a Successful Speech Topic<\/a>-6 Minutes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article reveals\u00a0three questions you must ask before choosing your speech topic, and how the answers lead you to great speech topics for you and your audience.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/colgateslf.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/02\/selecting-your-speech-topic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Selecting a Speech Topic<\/a>-Colgate Files<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Choosing an excellent speech topic involves several steps:<\/p>\n<p>Generate a list of ideas for possible topics<br \/>\nSelect a topic<br \/>\nFocus the topic<br \/>\nDetermine your general purpose<br \/>\nFormulate your specific purpose<br \/>\nWord your thesis statement<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.speech-topics-help.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Speech Topics Help<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Speech topics lists\u00a0with\u00a0free persuasive and informative ideas\u00a0and\u00a0class writing tips\u00a0on outlining your public speaking oral all under one website hosting roof. My how to guides, tutorials and information have just one goal: to help you developing the best topic for all types of speechwriting assignments. My student reference guide with instant propositions, hundreds of tips and education resources.\u00a0<i>Use my search feature on top to quickly find all information you want!<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/mauispeech\/html\/infotopichelp.html#General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Topic Selection Helper<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<br \/>\n<\/strong>This website houses lists of subjects to help you select a topic, but be aware that many of these subjects are broad and would need to be narrowed for a classroom speech. For example,\u00a0advertising\u00a0could be narrowed to\u00a0political attack ads\u00a0or\u00a0tobacco ads.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.refdesk.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Refdesk<\/a>\u00a0is a free and family friendly web site indexing and reviewing quality, credible, and current Internet reference resources.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/trendingtopics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter Trending Topics<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The topics that are being talked about most on Twitter.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/infoweb.newsbank.com\/iw-search\/we\/Static\/?p_product=Hottopics&amp;f_location=hottopics&amp;p_theme=hottopics&amp;p_action=doc&amp;p_nbid=Q68Y52NJMTM0NjMzMjExOS4xNTk3Njk6MToxNToxMzEuMjA0LjE3NC4xNjg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Hot Topics-Newsbank<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Variety of topics and subjects including Current Events, Business and Economics Research Topics, Social Studies Research Topics, Science and Health Research Topics, Sports Research Topics, Arts and Literature Research Topics and People Research Topics.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reddit<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Reddit<\/b>\u00a0is an American\u00a0social news\u00a0aggregation, web content\u00a0rating, and\u00a0discussion\u00a0website. Reddit&#8217;s registered community members can submit content such as text posts or direct links. Registered users can then vote submissions up or down that determines their position on the page. Submissions with the most up-votes appear on the front page or the top of a category. Content entries are organized by areas of interest called &#8220;subreddits&#8221;. Subreddit topics include news, science, gaming, movies, music, books, fitness, food, image-sharing, and many others. The site prohibits harassment, and moderation requires substantial resources.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ohlheiser_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>As of 2017, Reddit had 542 million monthly visitors (234 million unique users), ranking #4 most visited website in U.S. and #9 in the world.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Across 2015, Reddit saw 82.54 billion pageviews, 73.15 million submissions, 725.85 million comments, and 6.89 billion upvotes from its users.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chronicling America<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Provides free access to millions of historic American newspaper pages. Listed here are topics widely covered in the American press of the time.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ereadingworksheets.com\/writing\/persuasive-essay-topics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>101 Persuasive Essay and Speech Topics<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Whether you are a student in need of a persuasive essay topic, or a teacher looking to assign a persuasive essay,\u00a0this list of 101 persuasive essay topics is a great resource.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myspeechclass.com\/informativetopics2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>620 Interesting Informative Speech Ideas and Topics<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A list of\u00a0informative speech topics. Be sure to analyze your audience and time limit before selecting a topic. These topics can be used as they are, or you might have to make them more precise to suit the situation (available time, class requirements, etc.). New topics added weekly. Do you have an idea you would like to share? Send it to us, and we will publish them on the page.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/idebate.org\/about-idea-nw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iDebate<\/a>-International Debate Education Association<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We aspire to be the world&#8217;s leading provider of debate education, offering debate resources, debate training and debate events to educators, youth groups and young people across the world.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.procon.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ProCon<\/a>-The Leading Source for Pros &amp; Cons of Controversial Issues<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>ProCon.org, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit nonpartisan public charity, provides professionally-researched pro, con, and related information on more than 50 controversial issues from gun control and death penalty to illegal immigration and alternative energy. Using the fair, FREE, and unbiased resources at ProCon.org, millions of people each year learn new facts, think critically about both sides of important issues, and strengthen their minds and opinions.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/prezi.com\/bfdbr9pjpie1\/?utm_campaign=share&amp;utm_medium=copy&amp;rc=ex0share\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choosing a Speech Topic<\/a>-Prezi (Catherine Combs)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Choosing the Perfect Topic Presentation<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nMake sure to select a topic that will interest you, and that you believe will interest your audience.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic for Public Speaking Tools.\u00a0Authored by: Christie Fierro.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic for Public Speaking Tools\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Cy4uu3w91xg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Overcoming the Fear of Speaking in Public<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/c1.staticflickr.com\/4\/3252\/2814951286_f2246ac6d5_b.jpg\" alt=\"Image result for stage fright\" width=\"437\" height=\"291\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Openly licensed Material<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/techniques-for-building-confidence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Techniques for Building Confidence<\/a>-Public Speaking Principles-Lumen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">After reading this resource the reader will be able to answer the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What percentage of the general population is likely dealing with Communication Apprehension?<\/li>\n<li>What are some of the potential issues or problems that can result from Communication Apprehension?<\/li>\n<li>What are some of the different ways researchers classify Communication Apprehension? What are the differences between these ideas?<\/li>\n<li>What are some of your sources of Communication Apprehension ? Would you classify these as examples of trait-anxiety or state-anxiety?<\/li>\n<li>How does Cognitive Restructuring work? Does it work the same for every person who tries it?<\/li>\n<li>What does it mean to become conversant in your topic?<\/li>\n<li>Why is memorizing a presentation a risky move? Is there any part of your presentation that should be memorized?<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.publicspeakingproject.org\/confidence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Speaking With Confidence<\/a><\/span>-Public Speaking Project<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Objectives in Above Resource:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the nature of communicative apprehension (CA), and be in a better position to deal with your particular \u201cbrand\u201d of CA<\/li>\n<li>Analyze objectively the formation of your habitual frame of reference<\/li>\n<li>Apply cognitive restructuring (CR) techniques to create a more positive frame of reference<\/li>\n<li>Understand the importance of customized practice to become conversant in your topic<\/li>\n<li>Create a personal preparation routine to minimize your apprehension<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/introduction-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Lumen-Principles of Public Speaking<\/strong><\/span><\/a>After reading this chapter, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00adUnderstand the nature of communicative apprehension (CA), and be in a better position to deal with your particular \u201cbrand\u201d of CA.<\/li>\n<li>Analyze objectively the formation of your habitual frame of reference.<\/li>\n<li>Apply cognitive restructuring (CR) techniques to create a more positive frame of reference.<\/li>\n<li>Understand the importance of customized practice to become conversant in your topic.<\/li>\n<li>Create a personal preparation routine to minimize your apprehension.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/open.lib.umn.edu\/communication\/chapter\/10-1-managing-public-speaking-anxiety\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Managing Public Speaking Anxiety<\/a>-Communication in the Real World<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Objectives in the Above Resource:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul id=\"jones_1.0-ch10_s01_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Discuss common sources of public speaking anxiety.<\/li>\n<li>Identify strategies for addressing public speaking anxiety.<\/li>\n<li>Employ strategies for addressing public speaking anxiety.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-standupspeakout\/chapter\/chapter-3-speaking-confidently\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Speaking Confidently<\/a>-Stand Up, Speak Out<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this chapter, we will help you gain knowledge about speaking confidently by exploring what communication apprehension is, examining the different types and causes of communication apprehension, suggesting strategies you can use to manage your fears of public speaking, and providing tactics you can use to deal with a variety of unexpected events you might encounter while speaking.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/course\/view.php?id=19&amp;sectionid=168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Speaking Confidently<\/a>-Saylor<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, understanding the anxiety which you may experience about public speaking does not necessarily help to alleviate it. However, as this unit of the course emphasizes, recognizing how your anxiety manifests itself in your behavior and then being able to try out a few recommendations for managing it can at least make you feel more empowered to carry on regardless. This unit will explore what is communication apprehension, where it comes from, and suggestions and tips on how it can be minimized.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/oer.galileo.usg.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=communication-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anxiety and Public Speaking<\/a>-Exploring Public Speaking (2nd revision) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;background-color: #ffffff\"><strong>Refer to Section 1.2 (page 12)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1DFzmv83zaO0EwMkFaHHwdGTF5nnFq6GqMLwaCcSC9sQ\/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stress Management Techniques<\/a>-Foundations of Professional Communication Full eTextbook <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Refer to Page 398<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Even when we use positive thinking and are well prepared, some of us still feel a great deal of anxiety about public speaking. When that is the case, it can be more helpful to use stress management than to try to make the anxiety go away.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-communications\/chapter\/understanding-anxiety\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Building Confidence to Speak<\/a>-Boundless<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"book-details__link\"><span class=\"mq__no-phone\">Details about this Resource:<\/span>\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"viewport-padding\">\n<div class=\"container site-width\">\n<div class=\"bcp-hub__section-list\">\n<div class=\"bcp-hub__section bcp-sans-copy\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__section-list__item__title\">Understanding Anxiety<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__section-list__item__title\">Managing Anxiety<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__section-list__item__title\">Tools for Managing Situational Anxiety<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-hub__section-list__item__title\">Tools for Managing Trait Anxiety<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><em><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Supplemental Material (Free to use for Instructional and Educational Purposes-Not Openly Licensed) \u00a0See section on <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/chapter\/about-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">license information<\/a> for more information<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>TED Videos<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>The Science of Stage Fright<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"The science of stage fright (and how to overcome it) - Mikael Cho\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K93fMnFKwfI?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Ann Cuddy-Professor at Harvard University TED Talk. \u00a0Discusses how a 2 minute &#8220;power&#8221; pose can help overcome fear and instill confidence.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-5\" title=\"Amy Cuddy: Power Poses\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/phcDQ0H_LnY?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23235,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-236","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":167,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23235"}],"version-history":[{"count":237,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1004,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/236\/revisions\/1004"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/167"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/236\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=236"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=236"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-rockland-coursesupport\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}