{"id":173,"date":"2023-05-11T12:12:36","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T12:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/chapter\/summaries-responses_readings-2\/"},"modified":"2023-05-24T16:33:30","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T16:33:30","slug":"summaries-responses_readings-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/chapter\/summaries-responses_readings-2\/","title":{"raw":"Summaries and Paraphrases","rendered":"Summaries and Paraphrases"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Summarize a passage of reading<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Paraphrase a passage of reading<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nHave you ever heard,\u00a0\"the best way to learn something is to teach it to someone else\"?\r\n\r\nWriting a summary of a source is a very similar process to teaching someone the content\u2014but in this case, the student you're teaching is yourself.\r\n\r\n<strong>Summarizing<\/strong>, or\u00a0condensing someone else's ideas and putting it into your own shortened form, allows you to be sure that you've accurately captured the main idea of the text you're reading. When reading, summarizing is helpful for checking your understanding of a longer text and remembering the author\u2019s main ideas. When writing, summarizing is critical when reviewing, writing an abstract, preparing notes for a study guide, creating an annotated bibliography, answering essay questions, recording results of an experiment, describing the plot of a fictional work or film, or writing a research paper.\r\n<h2>How to Write Summary Statements<\/h2>\r\nUse these processes\u00a0to help you write summary statements:\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Underline important information and write keywords in the margin.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Record ideas using a two-column note-taking system. Record questions you have about the text concepts\u00a0in the\u00a0left column and answers you find in the reading in the right column.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Identify how concepts relate to what you already know.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Add examples and details<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFor retaining key ideas as you read, write a summary statement at the end of each paragraph or section.\u00a0For capturing the major ideas of the entire work, write a summary paragraph (or more) that describes the entire text.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Tips for Summary<\/h3>\r\nFor longer, overall summary projects that capture an entire reading, consider these guidelines for writing a summary:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>A summary should\u00a0contain the main thesis or standpoint of the text, restated in your own words.<\/b> (To do this, first find the thesis statement in the original text.)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\"><b>A summary is written in your own words.<\/b> It contains few or no quotes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\"><b>A summary is always shorter than the original text, often about 1\/3 as long as the original.<\/b>\u00a0It is the ultimate fat-free writing. An article or paper may be summarized in a few sentences or a couple of paragraphs. A book may be summarized in an article or a short paper. A very large book may be summarized in a smaller book.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\"><b>A summary should contain all the major points of the original text<\/b>, and should ignore most of the fine details, examples, illustrations or explanations.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\"><b>The backbone of any summary is formed by crucial details <\/b>(key names, dates, events, words and numbers). A summary must never rely on vague generalities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\">If you quote anything from the original text, even an unusual word or a catchy phrase, <b>you need to put whatever you quote in quotation marks (\" \").<\/b><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>A summary must contain <\/b><\/span><span class=\"s3\"><b>only<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"><b> the ideas of the original text. <\/b>Do not insert any of your own opinions, interpretations, deductions or comments into a summary.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\r\nWatch this video to see a walk-through explanation on how to summarize.\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=h5p_embed&amp;id=306\" width=\"625\" height=\"414\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\r\n\r\nYou can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/Summarizing_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \"Summarizing\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Paraphrasing<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Paraphrasing<\/strong> is the act of putting an author\u2019s ideas into your own words. When reading, paraphrasing is helpful for checking your understanding of what you read as well as remembering what you read. When writing, paraphrasing is an important skill to have when constructing a research paper and incorporating the ideas of others alongside your own.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>WAtch IT<\/h3>\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=h5p_embed&amp;id=305\" width=\"625\" height=\"414\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\r\n\r\nClick to view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/Paraphrasing_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \"Paraphrasing\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Glossary<\/h3>\r\n<strong>paraphrasing<\/strong>: rewriting a passage of text in your own words\r\n\r\n<strong>summarizing<\/strong>:\u00a0condensing someone else's ideas and putting it into your own shortened form\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Summarize a passage of reading<\/li>\n<li>Paraphrase a passage of reading<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Have you ever heard,\u00a0&#8220;the best way to learn something is to teach it to someone else&#8221;?<\/p>\n<p>Writing a summary of a source is a very similar process to teaching someone the content\u2014but in this case, the student you&#8217;re teaching is yourself.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Summarizing<\/strong>, or\u00a0condensing someone else&#8217;s ideas and putting it into your own shortened form, allows you to be sure that you&#8217;ve accurately captured the main idea of the text you&#8217;re reading. When reading, summarizing is helpful for checking your understanding of a longer text and remembering the author\u2019s main ideas. When writing, summarizing is critical when reviewing, writing an abstract, preparing notes for a study guide, creating an annotated bibliography, answering essay questions, recording results of an experiment, describing the plot of a fictional work or film, or writing a research paper.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Write Summary Statements<\/h2>\n<p>Use these processes\u00a0to help you write summary statements:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Underline important information and write keywords in the margin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Record ideas using a two-column note-taking system. Record questions you have about the text concepts\u00a0in the\u00a0left column and answers you find in the reading in the right column.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Identify how concepts relate to what you already know.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Add examples and details<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For retaining key ideas as you read, write a summary statement at the end of each paragraph or section.\u00a0For capturing the major ideas of the entire work, write a summary paragraph (or more) that describes the entire text.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Tips for Summary<\/h3>\n<p>For longer, overall summary projects that capture an entire reading, consider these guidelines for writing a summary:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>A summary should\u00a0contain the main thesis or standpoint of the text, restated in your own words.<\/b> (To do this, first find the thesis statement in the original text.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>A summary is written in your own words.<\/b> It contains few or no quotes.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>A summary is always shorter than the original text, often about 1\/3 as long as the original.<\/b>\u00a0It is the ultimate fat-free writing. An article or paper may be summarized in a few sentences or a couple of paragraphs. A book may be summarized in an article or a short paper. A very large book may be summarized in a smaller book.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>A summary should contain all the major points of the original text<\/b>, and should ignore most of the fine details, examples, illustrations or explanations.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>The backbone of any summary is formed by crucial details <\/b>(key names, dates, events, words and numbers). A summary must never rely on vague generalities.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">If you quote anything from the original text, even an unusual word or a catchy phrase, <b>you need to put whatever you quote in quotation marks (&#8221; &#8220;).<\/b><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>A summary must contain <\/b><\/span><span class=\"s3\"><b>only<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"><b> the ideas of the original text. <\/b>Do not insert any of your own opinions, interpretations, deductions or comments into a summary.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\n<p>Watch this video to see a walk-through explanation on how to summarize.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=h5p_embed&amp;id=306\" width=\"625\" height=\"414\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/Summarizing_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for &#8220;Summarizing&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Paraphrasing<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Paraphrasing<\/strong> is the act of putting an author\u2019s ideas into your own words. When reading, paraphrasing is helpful for checking your understanding of what you read as well as remembering what you read. When writing, paraphrasing is an important skill to have when constructing a research paper and incorporating the ideas of others alongside your own.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>WAtch IT<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=h5p_embed&amp;id=305\" width=\"625\" height=\"414\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Click to view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/Paraphrasing_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for &#8220;Paraphrasing&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Glossary<\/h3>\n<p><strong>paraphrasing<\/strong>: rewriting a passage of text in your own words<\/p>\n<p><strong>summarizing<\/strong>:\u00a0condensing someone else&#8217;s ideas and putting it into your own shortened form<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-173\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Summarizing and Paraphrasing. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>:  Lumen Learning . <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/summarizing-and-paraphrasing\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/summarizing-and-paraphrasing\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: English Composition I . <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":395986,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Summarizing and Paraphrasing\",\"author\":\" Lumen Learning \",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\" https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/summarizing-and-paraphrasing\/\",\"project\":\"English Composition I \",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-173","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":171,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/395986"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":506,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/173\/revisions\/506"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/171"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/173\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=173"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=173"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-technicalwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}