{"id":152,"date":"2019-04-24T20:17:44","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T20:17:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/os-amgovernment2e\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=152"},"modified":"2019-07-26T21:05:19","modified_gmt":"2019-07-26T21:05:19","slug":"introduction-6","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/chapter\/introduction-6\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Public Opinion","rendered":"Introduction to Public Opinion"},"content":{"raw":"<figure id=\"OSC_AmGov_06_00_Romney\" class=\"splash\"><figcaption>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"975\"]<img style=\"font-size: 1rem; orphans: 1; text-align: initial;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1557\/2019\/04\/24201742\/OSC_AmGov_06_00_Romney.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Mitt Romney in front of a crowd, smiling.\" width=\"975\" height=\"520\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/> <strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> Governor and presidential candidate Mitt Romney takes the stage in Boston, Massachusetts, to give his \"Super Tuesday\" victory speech (credit: modification of work by BU Interactive News\/Flickr).[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163757296361\">On November 7, 2012, the day after the presidential election, journalists found Mitt Romney\u2019s transition website, detailing the Republican candidate\u2019s plans for the upcoming inauguration celebration and criteria for Cabinet and White House appointees and leaving space for video of his acceptance speech.[footnote]Erik Hayden, \"Mitt Romney\u2019s Transition Website: Where \u2018President-Elect\u2019 Romney Lives On,\" Time, 8 November 2012. <a href=\"http:\/\/newsfeed.time.com\/2012\/11\/08\/mitt-romneys-transition-website-where-president-elect-romney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/newsfeed.time.com\/2012\/11\/08\/mitt-romneys-transition-website-where-president-elect-romney<\/a> (February 17, 2016).[\/footnote] Yet, Romney had lost his bid for the White House. In fact, Romney\u2019s campaign staff had been so sure he would win that he had not written a concession speech. How could they have been wrong? Romney\u2019s staff blamed the campaign\u2019s own polls. Believing Republican voters to be highly motivated, Romney pollsters had overestimated how many would turn out.[footnote]John Sides, \"The Romney Campaign\u2019s Own Polls Showed It Would Lose,\" Washington Post, 8 October 2013; Charlie Mahtesian, \"Rasmussen Explains,\" Politico, 1 November 2012. Jan Crawford, \"Adviser: Romney \u2018Shellshocked\u2019 by Loss,\" CBS News, 8 November 2012.[\/footnote] The campaign\u2019s polls showed Romney close to President Barack Obama, although non-campaign polls showed Obama ahead.[footnote]Crawford, \"Adviser: Romney \u2018Shellshocked\u2019 by Loss.\"[\/footnote] On election night, Romney gave his hastily drafted concession speech, still unsure how he had lost.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163757247157\">In the 2016 election, most polls showed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton with an advantage nationwide and in the battleground states in the days leading up to the election. However, Republican nominee Donald Trump was elected president as many new voters joined the process, voters who were not studied in the polls as likely voters. As many a disappointed candidate knows, public opinion matters. The way opinions are formed and the way we measure public opinion also matter. But how much, and why? These are some of the questions we\u2019ll explore in this chapter.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>watch it<\/h3>\r\nWatch this video to learn more about shaping public opinion.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/NflULVECAFQ\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<figure id=\"OSC_AmGov_06_00_Romney\" class=\"splash\"><figcaption>\n<div style=\"width: 985px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; orphans: 1; text-align: initial;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1557\/2019\/04\/24201742\/OSC_AmGov_06_00_Romney.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Mitt Romney in front of a crowd, smiling.\" width=\"975\" height=\"520\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> Governor and presidential candidate Mitt Romney takes the stage in Boston, Massachusetts, to give his &#8220;Super Tuesday&#8221; victory speech (credit: modification of work by BU Interactive News\/Flickr).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163757296361\">On November 7, 2012, the day after the presidential election, journalists found Mitt Romney\u2019s transition website, detailing the Republican candidate\u2019s plans for the upcoming inauguration celebration and criteria for Cabinet and White House appointees and leaving space for video of his acceptance speech.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Erik Hayden, &quot;Mitt Romney\u2019s Transition Website: Where \u2018President-Elect\u2019 Romney Lives On,&quot; Time, 8 November 2012. http:\/\/newsfeed.time.com\/2012\/11\/08\/mitt-romneys-transition-website-where-president-elect-romney (February 17, 2016).\" id=\"return-footnote-152-1\" href=\"#footnote-152-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> Yet, Romney had lost his bid for the White House. In fact, Romney\u2019s campaign staff had been so sure he would win that he had not written a concession speech. How could they have been wrong? Romney\u2019s staff blamed the campaign\u2019s own polls. Believing Republican voters to be highly motivated, Romney pollsters had overestimated how many would turn out.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"John Sides, &quot;The Romney Campaign\u2019s Own Polls Showed It Would Lose,&quot; Washington Post, 8 October 2013; Charlie Mahtesian, &quot;Rasmussen Explains,&quot; Politico, 1 November 2012. Jan Crawford, &quot;Adviser: Romney \u2018Shellshocked\u2019 by Loss,&quot; CBS News, 8 November 2012.\" id=\"return-footnote-152-2\" href=\"#footnote-152-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> The campaign\u2019s polls showed Romney close to President Barack Obama, although non-campaign polls showed Obama ahead.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Crawford, &quot;Adviser: Romney \u2018Shellshocked\u2019 by Loss.&quot;\" id=\"return-footnote-152-3\" href=\"#footnote-152-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> On election night, Romney gave his hastily drafted concession speech, still unsure how he had lost.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163757247157\">In the 2016 election, most polls showed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton with an advantage nationwide and in the battleground states in the days leading up to the election. However, Republican nominee Donald Trump was elected president as many new voters joined the process, voters who were not studied in the polls as likely voters. As many a disappointed candidate knows, public opinion matters. The way opinions are formed and the way we measure public opinion also matter. But how much, and why? These are some of the questions we\u2019ll explore in this chapter.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>watch it<\/h3>\n<p>Watch this video to learn more about shaping public opinion.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Shaping Public Opinion: Crash Course Government and Politics #34\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NflULVECAFQ?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-152\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>American Government 2e. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/nY32AU8S@5.1:xJJkKaSK@5\/Preface\">https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/nY32AU8S@5.1:xJJkKaSK@5\/Preface<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/9d8df601-4f12-4ac1-8224-b450bf739e5f@5.1<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Shaping Public Opinion: Crash Course Government and Politics #34. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: CrashCourse. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NflULVECAFQ&#038;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOfse2ncvffeelTrqvhrz8H&#038;index=34\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NflULVECAFQ&#038;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOfse2ncvffeelTrqvhrz8H&#038;index=34<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube license<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-152-1\">Erik Hayden, \"Mitt Romney\u2019s Transition Website: Where \u2018President-Elect\u2019 Romney Lives On,\" Time, 8 November 2012. <a href=\"http:\/\/newsfeed.time.com\/2012\/11\/08\/mitt-romneys-transition-website-where-president-elect-romney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/newsfeed.time.com\/2012\/11\/08\/mitt-romneys-transition-website-where-president-elect-romney<\/a> (February 17, 2016). <a href=\"#return-footnote-152-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-152-2\">John Sides, \"The Romney Campaign\u2019s Own Polls Showed It Would Lose,\" Washington Post, 8 October 2013; Charlie Mahtesian, \"Rasmussen Explains,\" Politico, 1 November 2012. Jan Crawford, \"Adviser: Romney \u2018Shellshocked\u2019 by Loss,\" CBS News, 8 November 2012. <a href=\"#return-footnote-152-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-152-3\">Crawford, \"Adviser: Romney \u2018Shellshocked\u2019 by Loss.\" <a href=\"#return-footnote-152-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":45325,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"American Government 2e\",\"author\":\"OpenStax\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/nY32AU8S@5.1:xJJkKaSK@5\/Preface\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/9d8df601-4f12-4ac1-8224-b450bf739e5f@5.1\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Shaping Public Opinion: Crash Course Government and Politics #34\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"CrashCourse\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NflULVECAFQ&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOfse2ncvffeelTrqvhrz8H&index=34\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube license\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-152","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":150,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45325"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1992,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/152\/revisions\/1992"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/150"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/152\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=152"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=152"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}