Module 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What is Government?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\r\n \t
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Division of Powers<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\r\n \t
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\r\n \t
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\r\n \t
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n \t
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\r\n \t
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Voter Registration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\r\n \t
- Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\r\n \t
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is the Media?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
![\"an](\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/654\/2017\/12\/21180643\/binoculars2.png\")
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Division of Powers<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\r\n \t
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\r\n \t
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\r\n \t
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n \t
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\r\n \t
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Voter Registration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\r\n \t
- Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\r\n \t
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is the Media?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Division of Powers<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\r\n \t
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\r\n \t
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\r\n \t
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n \t
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\r\n \t
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Voter Registration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\r\n \t
- Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\r\n \t
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is the Media?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\r\n \t
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n \t
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\r\n \t
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Voter Registration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\r\n \t
- Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\r\n \t
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is the Media?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\r\n \t
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n \t
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\r\n \t
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Voter Registration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\r\n \t
- Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\r\n \t
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is the Media?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n \t
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\r\n \t
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Voter Registration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\r\n \t
- Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\r\n \t
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is the Media?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Voter Registration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\r\n \t
- Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\r\n \t
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is the Media?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is the Media?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\r\n \t
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\r\n \t
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\r\n \t
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\r\n \t
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\r\n \t
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\r\n \t
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n \t
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Political Culture<\/li>\r\n \t
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\r\n \t
- County and City Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\r\n \t
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Policymakers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\r\n \t
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n\n- What is Government?<\/li>\n
- Who Governs? Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs<\/li>\n
- Engagement in a Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n\n- The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition<\/li>\n
- The Articles of Confederation<\/li>\n
- The Development of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- The Ratification of the Constitution<\/li>\n
- Constitutional Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Division of Powers<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of American Federalism<\/li>\n
- Intergovernmental Relationships<\/li>\n
- Competitive Federalism Today<\/li>\n
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Liberties?<\/li>\n
- Securing Basic Freedoms<\/li>\n
- The Rights of Suspects<\/li>\n
- Interpreting the Bill of Rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?<\/li>\n
- The African American Struggle for Equality<\/li>\n
- The Fight for Women\u2019s Rights<\/li>\n
- Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians<\/li>\n
- Equal Protection for Other Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Nature of Public Opinion<\/li>\n
- How Is Public Opinion Measured?<\/li>\n
- What Does the Public Think?<\/li>\n
- The Effects of Public Opinion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Voter Registration<\/li>\n
- Voter Turnout<\/li>\n
- Elections<\/li>\n
- Campaigns and Voting<\/li>\n
- Direct Democracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is the Media?<\/li>\n
- The Evolution of the Media<\/li>\n
- Regulating the Media<\/li>\n
- The Impact of the Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Are Parties and How Did They Form?<\/li>\n
- The Two-Party System<\/li>\n
- The Shape of Modern Political Parties<\/li>\n
- Divided Government and Partisan Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Interest Groups Defined<\/li>\n
- Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/li>\n
- Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/li>\n
- Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/li>\n
- Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Institutional Design of Congress<\/li>\n
- Congressional Elections<\/li>\n
- Congressional Representation<\/li>\n
- House and Senate Organizations<\/li>\n
- The Legislative Process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- The Design and Evolution of the Presidency<\/li>\n
- The Presidential Election Process<\/li>\n
- Organizing to Govern<\/li>\n
- The Public Presidency<\/li>\n
- Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights<\/li>\n
- The Dual Court System<\/li>\n
- The Federal Court System<\/li>\n
- The Supreme Court<\/li>\n
- Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- State Power and Delegation<\/li>\n
- State Political Culture<\/li>\n
- Governors and State Legislatures<\/li>\n
- State Legislative Term Limits<\/li>\n
- County and City Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration<\/li>\n
- Toward a Merit-Based Civil Service<\/li>\n
- Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types<\/li>\n
- Controlling the Bureaucracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- What Is Public Policy?<\/li>\n
- Categorizing Public Policy<\/li>\n
- Policy Arenas<\/li>\n
- Policymakers<\/li>\n
- Budgeting and Tax Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Defining Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Foreign Policy Instruments<\/li>\n
- Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/li>\n
- Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/binoculars\/1234056\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2026","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2024,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/revisions\/2223"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2024"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2026\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2026"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-tompkinscortland-amgovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/p>\n
The following list shows a summary of the topics covered in this course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: American Government and Civic Engagement<\/h2>\n
\n
Module 2: The Constitution and Its Origins<\/h2>\n
\n
Module 3: American Federalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 4: Civil Liberties<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 5: Civil Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 6: The Politics of Public Opinion<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 7: Voting and Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 8: The Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 9: Political Parties<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 11:\u00a0Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 12:\u00a0The Presidency<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 13: The Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 14: State and Local Government<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 15: The Bureaucracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 16: Domestic Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Module 17: Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t