{"id":1719,"date":"2014-10-21T04:12:57","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T04:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/apvccs\/?post_type=chapter&p=1719"},"modified":"2017-01-05T22:29:14","modified_gmt":"2017-01-05T22:29:14","slug":"glossary-introduction","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ulster-ap1\/chapter\/glossary-introduction\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary: Introduction","rendered":"Glossary: Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"abdominopelvic cavity<\/strong>: division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera\r\n\r\nanabolism<\/strong>: assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules\r\n\r\nanatomical position<\/strong>: standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body\r\n\r\nanatomy<\/strong>: science that studies the form and composition of the body\u2019s structures\r\n\r\nanterior cavity<\/strong>: larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity\r\n\r\nanterior<\/strong>: describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral\r\n\r\ncatabolism<\/strong>: breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules\r\n\r\ncaudal<\/strong>: describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior\r\n\r\ncell<\/strong>: smallest independently functioning unit of\u00a0all\u00a0organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles\r\n\r\ncomputed tomography (CT)<\/strong>: medical imaging technique in which a\u00a0computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained\r\n\r\ncontrol center<\/strong>: compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector\r\n\r\ncranial cavity<\/strong>: division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain\r\n\r\ncranial<\/strong>: describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior\r\n\r\ndeep<\/strong>: describes a position farther from the surface of the body\r\n\r\ndevelopment<\/strong>: changes an organism goes through during its life\r\n\r\ndifferentiation<\/strong>: process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function\r\n\r\ndistal<\/strong>: describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body\r\n\r\ndorsal cavity<\/strong>: posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity\r\n\r\ndorsal<\/strong>: describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior\r\n\r\neffector<\/strong>: organ that can cause a change in a value\r\n\r\nfrontal plane<\/strong>: two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions\r\n\r\ngross anatomy<\/strong>: study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy\r\n\r\ngrowth<\/strong>: process of increasing in size\r\n\r\nhomeostasis<\/strong>: steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain\r\n\r\ninferior<\/strong>: describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal\r\n\r\nlateral<\/strong>: describes the side or direction toward the side of the body\r\n\r\nmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/strong>: medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body\r\n\r\nmedial<\/strong>: describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body\r\n\r\nmetabolism<\/strong>: sum of all of the body\u2019s chemical reactions\r\n\r\nmicroscopic anatomy<\/strong>: study of very small structures of the body using magnification\r\n\r\nnegative feedback<\/strong>: homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body\u2019s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed\r\n\r\nnormal range<\/strong>: range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center\r\n\r\nnutrient<\/strong>: chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival\r\n\r\norgan system<\/strong>: group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function\r\n\r\norganism<\/strong>: living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life\r\n\r\norgan<\/strong>: functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues\r\n\r\npericardium<\/strong>: sac that encloses the heart\r\n\r\nperitoneum<\/strong>: serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there\r\n\r\nphysiology<\/strong>: science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body\u2019s functions\r\n\r\nplane<\/strong>: imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body\r\n\r\npleura<\/strong>: serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs\r\n\r\npositive feedback<\/strong>: mechanism that intensifies a change in the body\u2019s physiological condition in response to a stimulus\r\n\r\npositron emission tomography (PET)<\/strong>: medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues\r\n\r\nposterior cavity<\/strong>: posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity\r\n\r\nposterior<\/strong>: describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal\r\n\r\npressure<\/strong>: force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance\r\n\r\nprone<\/strong>: face down\r\n\r\nproximal<\/strong>: describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body\r\n\r\nregional anatomy<\/strong>: study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions\r\n\r\nrenewal<\/strong>: process by which worn-out cells are replaced\r\n\r\nreproduction<\/strong>: process by which new organisms are generated\r\n\r\nresponsiveness<\/strong>: ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions\r\n\r\nsagittal plane<\/strong>: two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides\r\n\r\nsection<\/strong>: in anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through\r\n\r\nsensor<\/strong>: (also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center\r\n\r\nserosa<\/strong>: membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane\r\n\r\nserous membrane<\/strong>: membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa\r\n\r\nset point<\/strong>: ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis\r\n\r\nspinal cavity<\/strong>: division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity\r\n\r\nsuperficial<\/strong>: describes a position nearer to the surface of the body\r\n\r\nsuperior<\/strong>: describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial\r\n\r\nsupine<\/strong>: face up\r\n\r\nsystemic anatomy<\/strong>: study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems\r\n\r\nthoracic cavity<\/strong>: division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea\r\n\r\ntissue<\/strong>: group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function\r\n\r\ntransverse plane<\/strong>: two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions\r\n\r\nultrasonography<\/strong>: application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs\r\n\r\nventral cavity<\/strong>: larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity\r\n\r\nventral<\/strong>: describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior\r\n\r\nX-ray<\/strong>: form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones","rendered":"

abdominopelvic cavity<\/strong>: division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera<\/p>\n

anabolism<\/strong>: assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules<\/p>\n

anatomical position<\/strong>: standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body<\/p>\n

anatomy<\/strong>: science that studies the form and composition of the body\u2019s structures<\/p>\n

anterior cavity<\/strong>: larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity<\/p>\n

anterior<\/strong>: describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral<\/p>\n

catabolism<\/strong>: breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules<\/p>\n

caudal<\/strong>: describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior<\/p>\n

cell<\/strong>: smallest independently functioning unit of\u00a0all\u00a0organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles<\/p>\n

computed tomography (CT)<\/strong>: medical imaging technique in which a\u00a0computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained<\/p>\n

control center<\/strong>: compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector<\/p>\n

cranial cavity<\/strong>: division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain<\/p>\n

cranial<\/strong>: describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior<\/p>\n

deep<\/strong>: describes a position farther from the surface of the body<\/p>\n

development<\/strong>: changes an organism goes through during its life<\/p>\n

differentiation<\/strong>: process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function<\/p>\n

distal<\/strong>: describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body<\/p>\n

dorsal cavity<\/strong>: posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity<\/p>\n

dorsal<\/strong>: describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior<\/p>\n

effector<\/strong>: organ that can cause a change in a value<\/p>\n

frontal plane<\/strong>: two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions<\/p>\n

gross anatomy<\/strong>: study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy<\/p>\n

growth<\/strong>: process of increasing in size<\/p>\n

homeostasis<\/strong>: steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain<\/p>\n

inferior<\/strong>: describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal<\/p>\n

lateral<\/strong>: describes the side or direction toward the side of the body<\/p>\n

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/strong>: medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body<\/p>\n

medial<\/strong>: describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body<\/p>\n

metabolism<\/strong>: sum of all of the body\u2019s chemical reactions<\/p>\n

microscopic anatomy<\/strong>: study of very small structures of the body using magnification<\/p>\n

negative feedback<\/strong>: homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body\u2019s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed<\/p>\n

normal range<\/strong>: range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center<\/p>\n

nutrient<\/strong>: chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival<\/p>\n

organ system<\/strong>: group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function<\/p>\n

organism<\/strong>: living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life<\/p>\n

organ<\/strong>: functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues<\/p>\n

pericardium<\/strong>: sac that encloses the heart<\/p>\n

peritoneum<\/strong>: serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there<\/p>\n

physiology<\/strong>: science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body\u2019s functions<\/p>\n

plane<\/strong>: imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body<\/p>\n

pleura<\/strong>: serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs<\/p>\n

positive feedback<\/strong>: mechanism that intensifies a change in the body\u2019s physiological condition in response to a stimulus<\/p>\n

positron emission tomography (PET)<\/strong>: medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues<\/p>\n

posterior cavity<\/strong>: posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity<\/p>\n

posterior<\/strong>: describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal<\/p>\n

pressure<\/strong>: force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance<\/p>\n

prone<\/strong>: face down<\/p>\n

proximal<\/strong>: describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body<\/p>\n

regional anatomy<\/strong>: study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions<\/p>\n

renewal<\/strong>: process by which worn-out cells are replaced<\/p>\n

reproduction<\/strong>: process by which new organisms are generated<\/p>\n

responsiveness<\/strong>: ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions<\/p>\n

sagittal plane<\/strong>: two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides<\/p>\n

section<\/strong>: in anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through<\/p>\n

sensor<\/strong>: (also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center<\/p>\n

serosa<\/strong>: membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane<\/p>\n

serous membrane<\/strong>: membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa<\/p>\n

set point<\/strong>: ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis<\/p>\n

spinal cavity<\/strong>: division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity<\/p>\n

superficial<\/strong>: describes a position nearer to the surface of the body<\/p>\n

superior<\/strong>: describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial<\/p>\n

supine<\/strong>: face up<\/p>\n

systemic anatomy<\/strong>: study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems<\/p>\n

thoracic cavity<\/strong>: division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea<\/p>\n

tissue<\/strong>: group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function<\/p>\n

transverse plane<\/strong>: two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions<\/p>\n

ultrasonography<\/strong>: application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs<\/p>\n

ventral cavity<\/strong>: larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity<\/p>\n

ventral<\/strong>: describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior<\/p>\n

X-ray<\/strong>: form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

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