{"id":143,"date":"2018-01-19T19:22:42","date_gmt":"2018-01-19T19:22:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-cos2master\/chapter\/academic-honesty\/"},"modified":"2019-10-24T22:13:09","modified_gmt":"2019-10-24T22:13:09","slug":"academic-honesty","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-wcc-collegesuccess2\/chapter\/academic-honesty\/","title":{"raw":"Academic Honesty","rendered":"Academic Honesty"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>How Many Ways Are There to Cheat?<\/h3>\r\nForm a small group and brainstorm as many ways as you can think of to cheat. Once you have exhausted your ideas as a group, compare your ideas with the lists below. Be ready to share with the class how your list compared to what is in the textbook.\r\n\r\nConsider the impact of cheating on:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>you<\/li>\r\n \t<li>WCC<\/li>\r\n \t<li>our community<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/19213555\/15338443102_6934c1e84d_k.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-469\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-469\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2932\/2018\/01\/19192240\/15338443102_6934c1e84d_k-1024x741.jpg\" alt=\"sign on a trail in the woods reading &quot;Shortcutting prohibited&quot;\" width=\"700\" height=\"507\" \/><\/a>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><em><strong>I would prefer even to fail with honor than to win by cheating. \u2014Sophocles<\/strong><\/em><\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h1>Academic Honesty and Dishonesty<\/h1>\r\nAt most educational institutions, \"academic honesty\" means demonstrating and upholding the highest\u00a0integrity and honesty in all the academic work that you do. In short, it means doing your own work, not cheating, and not presenting the work of others as your own.\r\n\r\nThe following are some common forms of academic dishonesty prohibited by academic\u00a0institutions:\r\n<h2><span id=\"Deception\" class=\"mw-headline\">Deception<\/span><\/h2>\r\nDeception is providing false information to an instructor concerning an academic assignment. Examples of deception include taking more time on a take-home test than is allowed, giving a dishonest excuse when asking for a deadline extension, or falsely claiming to have submitted work.\r\n<h2><span id=\"Fabrication\" class=\"mw-headline\">Fabrication<\/span><\/h2>\r\nFabrication is the falsification of data, information, or citations in an academic assignment. This includes making up citations to back up arguments or inventing quotations. Fabrication is most common\u00a0in the natural sciences, where students sometimes falsify data to make experiments \"work\" or make false claims about the research performed.\r\n<h2><strong>WCC's Definitions of Cheating and Plagiarism<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: medium\">WCC has a clear and complete compilation of what is considered academic dishonesty and unacceptable academic behavior. The following are WCC's definitions on cheating and plagiarism, examples of academic dishonesty.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n\r\n<strong>WCC STUDENT HANDBOOK\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nVII. ACADEMIC HONESTY POLICY\r\nAcademic dishonesty is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Cheating, forgery,\r\nplagiarism, and collusion in dishonest acts undermine the College\u2019s educational mission\r\nand the students\u2019 personal and intellectual growth. Westchester Community College\r\nstudents are expected to bear individual responsibility for their work and to uphold the\r\nideal of academic integrity. Any student who attempts to compromise or devalue the\r\nacademic process will be sanctioned. Cheating harms the college community in many\r\nways. Honest students are frustrated by the unfairness of cheating that goes undetected\r\nand therefore unpunished. Students who cheat will skew the grading curve in a class,\r\nresulting in lower grades for students who have worked hard and did their own work.\r\n\r\n<strong>DEFINITION OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Plagiarism<\/span>\r\n\r\nPlagiarism is the act of presenting another person\u2019s ideas, research, or writing as your own work. Examples include:\r\n1. Copying another person\u2019s actual words without both the use of quotations and\r\ndocumentation.\r\n2. Presenting another person\u2019s ideas or theories in your own words without documentation.\r\n3. Using information that is not considered common knowledge without acknowledging the\u00a0source.\r\n4. Using a paper-writing \u201cservice\u201d or having a friend write the paper for you.\r\n\r\nNote: The guidelines that define plagiarism also apply to information secured on Internet\r\nwebsites. Internet references must specify precisely where the information was obtained\r\nand where it can be found. You may think that citing another author\u2019s work will lower\r\nyour grade. In some unusual cases this may be true, for instance, if your instructor has\r\nindicated that you must write your paper without reading additional material. But in fact,\r\nas you progress in your studies, you will be expected to show that you are familiar with\r\nimportant work in your field and can use this work to further your thinking. Your professors\r\nwrite this kind of paper all the time. The key to avoiding plagiarism is that you show clearly\r\nwhere your own thinking ends and someone else\u2019s begins.\r\n\r\nFor more information on the topic of plagiarism please visit our library\u2019s website at:\r\nwww.sunywcc.edu\/plagiarism.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Cheatin<\/span>g\r\n\r\nCheating is the attempted or unauthorized use of materials, information, notes, study aids,\r\ndevices or communication during an academic exercise.\r\n\r\nExamples include:\r\n\r\nTESTS AND EXAMS:\r\n1. Copying from another student during an examination or allowing another to copy\r\nyour work.\r\n2. Using unauthorized notes during a closed book examination.\r\n3. Using unauthorized devices during an examination.\r\n\r\n4. Asking or allowing another student, or anyone else, to take an examination for you.\r\n5. Changing a corrected exam and returning it for more credit.\r\n6. Preparing answers or writing notes in a blue book (exam booklet) before an\r\nexamination.\r\n7. Taking an examination for another student.\r\n8. Taking an examination or any examination material out of an examination room\r\nat any time without the expressed permission of the instructor who created that\r\nexamination.\r\n\r\nTAKE-HOME TESTS AND INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENTS:\r\n1. If tutors or others aid the student in the preparation of an assignment, the submitted\r\nassignment should represent the student\u2019s current level of ability.\r\n2. Unauthorized collaborating on a take-home assignment or examination.\r\n3. Submitting substantial portions of the same paper to two classes without consulting the\r\nsecond instructor.\r\n4. Using a paper-writing \u201cservice\u201d or having someone else write the paper for you.\r\n5. Preparing an essay or assignment, or allowing one\u2019s essay or assignment to be copied by someone else.\r\n6. Borrowing all or part of another student\u2019s paper or using someone else\u2019s outline to write\r\nyour own paper.\r\n7. Intentionally citing inaccurate or nonexistent source materials.\r\n\r\nCOLLABORATIVE (GROUP) ASSIGNMENTS:\r\n1. Failure to acknowledge group members on homework and lab assignment.\r\n2. Turning in another group members work as an example of your individual work.\r\n\r\nNotes: Group projects require careful division of responsibility and careful coordination\r\nto control the quality of the final product. Group work calls for a different kind of effort,\r\nnot less of it. When group projects are assigned, the instructor is usually interested in the\r\nmastery of group process, as well as the subject. Ask the instructor to clarify individual\r\nresponsibilities and suggest a method of proceeding.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Avoiding Plagiarism<\/h2>\r\nBelow are some useful\u00a0guidelines to help you avoid plagiarism and show\u00a0academic honesty in your work:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Quotes:<\/strong> If you quote another work directly in your work, cite your source.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Paraphrase:<\/strong>\u00a0If put someone else's idea into your own words, you still need to cite the author.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Visual Materials:<\/strong> If you cite statistics, graphs, or charts from a study, cite the\u00a0source. Keep in mind that if you didn\u2019t do the original research, then you need to credit the person(s) or institution that did.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe easiest way to make sure you don't accidentally plagiarize someone else's work is by taking\u00a0careful notes as you do research. If you are doing research on the web, be sure to copy and paste the links into your notes so can keep track of the sites you're visiting. Be sure to list all the\u00a0sources you consult.\r\n\r\nThere are many handy online tools to help you create and track references as you go.\u00a0For example, you can try using\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.citationmachine.net\/\">Son of Citation Machine<\/a>. Keeping careful notes will not only help you avoid inadvertent plagiarism; it will also help you if you need to return to a source later (to check or get more information). If you use citation tools\u00a0like Son of Citation, be sure to check the accuracy of the citations before you submit your assignment.\r\n\r\nLastly, if you're in doubt about whether something constitutes plagiarism, cite the source or leave the material out. Better still, ask for help. Stop by the tutoring center or library for help. If you are an online student, check out the <a href=\"http:\/\/libguides.monroecc.edu\/resources\">Library's resources online<\/a> for research help. Taking the time to seek\u00a0advice is better than getting in trouble for not attributing\u00a0your sources. Be honest about your ideas, and give credit where it's due.\r\n<h2><span id=\"Sanctions_for_student_plagiarism\" class=\"mw-headline\">Consequences of Academic Dishonesty<\/span><\/h2>\r\nIn the academic world, plagiarism by students is usually considered a very serious offense that can result in punishments such as a failing grade on the particular assignment or the entire course or even being expelled from the institution. Individual instructors and courses may have their own policies regarding academic honesty and plagiarism; statements of these policies can usually be found in the course information sheet.\r\n\r\nCheating of any sort causes stress because of the worry of being caught and because those students don't really know the necessary information. It also lowers self-esteem. Students who cheat are telling themselves that they are simply not smart enough to handle learning, which is almost always not the case. Students who cheat are robbing themselves of the feeling of satisfaction that comes from genuine success.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>ACADEMIC HoNesty Research<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Describe three different actions that would violate your college\u2019s academic honesty policy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Check out Indiana University's clever list of different types of plagiarism by going to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiana.edu\/~academy\/firstPrinciples\/plagiarismPatterns\/\">this link and reading through the various examples.<\/a>\u00a0The names used for different types of plagiarism can help you learn how to avoid situations of academic dishonesty. Jot down a few notes on examples that are new to you.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Find information about plagiarism in\u00a0one of your courses. You may find information on the course\u00a0syllabus and\/or the course website. You may want to bookmark this information or make a note to yourself. Knowing your rights as a student may\u00a0help if there is a misunderstanding.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>How Many Ways Are There to Cheat?<\/h3>\n<p>Form a small group and brainstorm as many ways as you can think of to cheat. Once you have exhausted your ideas as a group, compare your ideas with the lists below. Be ready to share with the class how your list compared to what is in the textbook.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the impact of cheating on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>you<\/li>\n<li>WCC<\/li>\n<li>our community<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/19213555\/15338443102_6934c1e84d_k.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-469\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-469\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2932\/2018\/01\/19192240\/15338443102_6934c1e84d_k-1024x741.jpg\" alt=\"sign on a trail in the woods reading &quot;Shortcutting prohibited&quot;\" width=\"700\" height=\"507\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><em><strong>I would prefer even to fail with honor than to win by cheating. \u2014Sophocles<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h1>Academic Honesty and Dishonesty<\/h1>\n<p>At most educational institutions, &#8220;academic honesty&#8221; means demonstrating and upholding the highest\u00a0integrity and honesty in all the academic work that you do. In short, it means doing your own work, not cheating, and not presenting the work of others as your own.<\/p>\n<p>The following are some common forms of academic dishonesty prohibited by academic\u00a0institutions:<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Deception\" class=\"mw-headline\">Deception<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Deception is providing false information to an instructor concerning an academic assignment. Examples of deception include taking more time on a take-home test than is allowed, giving a dishonest excuse when asking for a deadline extension, or falsely claiming to have submitted work.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Fabrication\" class=\"mw-headline\">Fabrication<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fabrication is the falsification of data, information, or citations in an academic assignment. This includes making up citations to back up arguments or inventing quotations. Fabrication is most common\u00a0in the natural sciences, where students sometimes falsify data to make experiments &#8220;work&#8221; or make false claims about the research performed.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>WCC&#8217;s Definitions of Cheating and Plagiarism<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">WCC has a clear and complete compilation of what is considered academic dishonesty and unacceptable academic behavior. The following are WCC&#8217;s definitions on cheating and plagiarism, examples of academic dishonesty.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p><strong>WCC STUDENT HANDBOOK\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>VII. ACADEMIC HONESTY POLICY<br \/>\nAcademic dishonesty is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Cheating, forgery,<br \/>\nplagiarism, and collusion in dishonest acts undermine the College\u2019s educational mission<br \/>\nand the students\u2019 personal and intellectual growth. Westchester Community College<br \/>\nstudents are expected to bear individual responsibility for their work and to uphold the<br \/>\nideal of academic integrity. Any student who attempts to compromise or devalue the<br \/>\nacademic process will be sanctioned. Cheating harms the college community in many<br \/>\nways. Honest students are frustrated by the unfairness of cheating that goes undetected<br \/>\nand therefore unpunished. Students who cheat will skew the grading curve in a class,<br \/>\nresulting in lower grades for students who have worked hard and did their own work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DEFINITION OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Plagiarism<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Plagiarism is the act of presenting another person\u2019s ideas, research, or writing as your own work. Examples include:<br \/>\n1. Copying another person\u2019s actual words without both the use of quotations and<br \/>\ndocumentation.<br \/>\n2. Presenting another person\u2019s ideas or theories in your own words without documentation.<br \/>\n3. Using information that is not considered common knowledge without acknowledging the\u00a0source.<br \/>\n4. Using a paper-writing \u201cservice\u201d or having a friend write the paper for you.<\/p>\n<p>Note: The guidelines that define plagiarism also apply to information secured on Internet<br \/>\nwebsites. Internet references must specify precisely where the information was obtained<br \/>\nand where it can be found. You may think that citing another author\u2019s work will lower<br \/>\nyour grade. In some unusual cases this may be true, for instance, if your instructor has<br \/>\nindicated that you must write your paper without reading additional material. But in fact,<br \/>\nas you progress in your studies, you will be expected to show that you are familiar with<br \/>\nimportant work in your field and can use this work to further your thinking. Your professors<br \/>\nwrite this kind of paper all the time. The key to avoiding plagiarism is that you show clearly<br \/>\nwhere your own thinking ends and someone else\u2019s begins.<\/p>\n<p>For more information on the topic of plagiarism please visit our library\u2019s website at:<br \/>\nwww.sunywcc.edu\/plagiarism.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Cheatin<\/span>g<\/p>\n<p>Cheating is the attempted or unauthorized use of materials, information, notes, study aids,<br \/>\ndevices or communication during an academic exercise.<\/p>\n<p>Examples include:<\/p>\n<p>TESTS AND EXAMS:<br \/>\n1. Copying from another student during an examination or allowing another to copy<br \/>\nyour work.<br \/>\n2. Using unauthorized notes during a closed book examination.<br \/>\n3. Using unauthorized devices during an examination.<\/p>\n<p>4. Asking or allowing another student, or anyone else, to take an examination for you.<br \/>\n5. Changing a corrected exam and returning it for more credit.<br \/>\n6. Preparing answers or writing notes in a blue book (exam booklet) before an<br \/>\nexamination.<br \/>\n7. Taking an examination for another student.<br \/>\n8. Taking an examination or any examination material out of an examination room<br \/>\nat any time without the expressed permission of the instructor who created that<br \/>\nexamination.<\/p>\n<p>TAKE-HOME TESTS AND INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENTS:<br \/>\n1. If tutors or others aid the student in the preparation of an assignment, the submitted<br \/>\nassignment should represent the student\u2019s current level of ability.<br \/>\n2. Unauthorized collaborating on a take-home assignment or examination.<br \/>\n3. Submitting substantial portions of the same paper to two classes without consulting the<br \/>\nsecond instructor.<br \/>\n4. Using a paper-writing \u201cservice\u201d or having someone else write the paper for you.<br \/>\n5. Preparing an essay or assignment, or allowing one\u2019s essay or assignment to be copied by someone else.<br \/>\n6. Borrowing all or part of another student\u2019s paper or using someone else\u2019s outline to write<br \/>\nyour own paper.<br \/>\n7. Intentionally citing inaccurate or nonexistent source materials.<\/p>\n<p>COLLABORATIVE (GROUP) ASSIGNMENTS:<br \/>\n1. Failure to acknowledge group members on homework and lab assignment.<br \/>\n2. Turning in another group members work as an example of your individual work.<\/p>\n<p>Notes: Group projects require careful division of responsibility and careful coordination<br \/>\nto control the quality of the final product. Group work calls for a different kind of effort,<br \/>\nnot less of it. When group projects are assigned, the instructor is usually interested in the<br \/>\nmastery of group process, as well as the subject. Ask the instructor to clarify individual<br \/>\nresponsibilities and suggest a method of proceeding.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Avoiding Plagiarism<\/h2>\n<p>Below are some useful\u00a0guidelines to help you avoid plagiarism and show\u00a0academic honesty in your work:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Quotes:<\/strong> If you quote another work directly in your work, cite your source.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Paraphrase:<\/strong>\u00a0If put someone else&#8217;s idea into your own words, you still need to cite the author.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Visual Materials:<\/strong> If you cite statistics, graphs, or charts from a study, cite the\u00a0source. Keep in mind that if you didn\u2019t do the original research, then you need to credit the person(s) or institution that did.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The easiest way to make sure you don&#8217;t accidentally plagiarize someone else&#8217;s work is by taking\u00a0careful notes as you do research. If you are doing research on the web, be sure to copy and paste the links into your notes so can keep track of the sites you&#8217;re visiting. Be sure to list all the\u00a0sources you consult.<\/p>\n<p>There are many handy online tools to help you create and track references as you go.\u00a0For example, you can try using\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.citationmachine.net\/\">Son of Citation Machine<\/a>. Keeping careful notes will not only help you avoid inadvertent plagiarism; it will also help you if you need to return to a source later (to check or get more information). If you use citation tools\u00a0like Son of Citation, be sure to check the accuracy of the citations before you submit your assignment.<\/p>\n<p>Lastly, if you&#8217;re in doubt about whether something constitutes plagiarism, cite the source or leave the material out. Better still, ask for help. Stop by the tutoring center or library for help. If you are an online student, check out the <a href=\"http:\/\/libguides.monroecc.edu\/resources\">Library&#8217;s resources online<\/a> for research help. Taking the time to seek\u00a0advice is better than getting in trouble for not attributing\u00a0your sources. Be honest about your ideas, and give credit where it&#8217;s due.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Sanctions_for_student_plagiarism\" class=\"mw-headline\">Consequences of Academic Dishonesty<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the academic world, plagiarism by students is usually considered a very serious offense that can result in punishments such as a failing grade on the particular assignment or the entire course or even being expelled from the institution. Individual instructors and courses may have their own policies regarding academic honesty and plagiarism; statements of these policies can usually be found in the course information sheet.<\/p>\n<p>Cheating of any sort causes stress because of the worry of being caught and because those students don&#8217;t really know the necessary information. It also lowers self-esteem. Students who cheat are telling themselves that they are simply not smart enough to handle learning, which is almost always not the case. Students who cheat are robbing themselves of the feeling of satisfaction that comes from genuine success.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>ACADEMIC HoNesty Research<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Describe three different actions that would violate your college\u2019s academic honesty policy.<\/li>\n<li>Check out Indiana University&#8217;s clever list of different types of plagiarism by going to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiana.edu\/~academy\/firstPrinciples\/plagiarismPatterns\/\">this link and reading through the various examples.<\/a>\u00a0The names used for different types of plagiarism can help you learn how to avoid situations of academic dishonesty. Jot down a few notes on examples that are new to you.<\/li>\n<li>Find information about plagiarism in\u00a0one of your courses. You may find information on the course\u00a0syllabus and\/or the course website. You may want to bookmark this information or make a note to yourself. Knowing your rights as a student may\u00a0help if there is a misunderstanding.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-143\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Academic Honesty. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Image of shortcutting sign. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Stephen Coles. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/pnpwKy\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/pnpwKy<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Academic Dishonesty. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Academic_dishonesty#cite_note-22\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Academic_dishonesty#cite_note-22<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Plagiarism. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plagiarism\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plagiarism<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":311,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of shortcutting sign\",\"author\":\"Stephen Coles\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/pnpwKy\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Academic Honesty\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Academic 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