{"id":98,"date":"2018-05-31T10:35:07","date_gmt":"2018-05-31T10:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=98"},"modified":"2018-05-31T10:35:07","modified_gmt":"2018-05-31T10:35:07","slug":"cliches","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/chapter\/cliches\/","title":{"raw":"Clich\u00e9s","rendered":"Clich\u00e9s"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"page-header\">\r\n<h1>Clich\u00e9s<\/h1>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>What this handout is about<\/h2>\r\nThis handout discusses clich\u00e9s and why you should generally avoid them in order to achieve specificity in both your academic writing and your application essays.\r\n<h2>Introduction: What\u2019s so bad about clich\u00e9s?<\/h2>\r\nLet\u2019s say you are on a study abroad applications review committee. You are responsible for making sure a limited amount of money goes to the most qualified applicants\u2026and you have to read through hundreds of application essays! Here are two personal statements:\r\n\r\nI\u2019m a people person, so I am certain to get along well with new people in a strange country. I know how to adapt, because I\u2019m a jack-of-all-trades. I am also prepared to deal with adversity and learn from challenges because I know that every cloud has a silver lining.\r\n\r\nI will be able to immerse myself in another country because I have experience as an ESL tutor interacting with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Growing up in a military family taught me how to quickly adapt to new people and environments. I won\u2019t let the inevitable challenges of living abroad deter me from my educational goals. As my numerous failed experiments for my chemistry senior project show, challenges are profitable in the long-run. I finally made a contribution to my field after 200 experiments!\r\n\r\nWho gets the money? Both applicants made the same basic argument about themselves. But the second did it with more specificity\u2014in other words, by using detailed evidence to reinforce her more general claims about herself. The first applicant relied on clich\u00e9s\u2014\u201cI\u2019m a people person,\u201d \u201cjack-of-all-trades,\u201d \u201cevery cloud as a silver lining\u201d\u2014that anybody could have used. We didn\u2019t learn anything specific about this person. The second applicant gets the money.\r\n\r\nThis example shows the problem with clich\u00e9s\u2014they are general statements that do not add any detailed evidence or unique support to a piece of writing, whether that writing is a personal statement or an academic essay.\r\n<h2>What is a clich\u00e9?<\/h2>\r\nClich\u00e9s are expressions that either have a general meaning or have \u201clost their meaning\u201d over time. These overused phrases do not provide a specific meaning or image. You are probably familiar with many of them, although you might find it difficult to pinpoint their exact definition. Some are idioms, where the figurative meaning of a group of words is different from the literal definition. For example, \u201cThe devil is in the details\u201d should hopefully not be taken literally! Other clich\u00e9s may once have possessed a precise meaning that made them creative metaphors, but they have now lost their edge because that specific definition has been forgotten or dulled through overuse. \u201cSurvival of the fittest\u201d once evoked Charles Darwin\u2019s theory of evolution through natural selection. Because readers have largely lost this unique context, the phrase has also lost the specificity which may have once made it a potent metaphor. Clich\u00e9s can also obscure fully-developed ideas by serving as placeholders for a more sophisticated discussion. Clich\u00e9s lack specificity and complexity; therefore, they do not make distinctive or memorable contributions to your writing.\r\n<h2>What are some examples of clich\u00e9s?<\/h2>\r\nWe\u2019ve divided some common clich\u00e9s into categories based on the genre in which you might encounter them. Follow the links at the end of this handout for much more comprehensive lists of clich\u00e9s.\r\n\r\n<strong>Academic Writing \u2013 especially in formulaic introductions or conclusions (see our handouts on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/introductions\/\">introductions<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/conclusions\/\">conclusions<\/a>\u00a0to make sure that you don\u2019t start or end your papers with clich\u00e9s):<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In modern society<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Throughout history (Be warned: History TAs hate this one!)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In this day and age<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the current climate<\/li>\r\n \t<li>From the dawn of man (Historians are also not fond of this one!)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Application Essays \u2013 where talking about yourself can lead to getting mushy and using clich\u00e9s (check out our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/application-essays\/\">handout on application essays<\/a>\u00a0to make your personal statements specific and effective):<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Good things come to those who wait<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Every cloud has a silver lining<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Little did I know<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I learned more from them than they did from me<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Every rose has its thorn<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The time of my life<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Any type of writing:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In the nick of time<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Opposites attract<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You win some, you lose some<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Easy come, easy go<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Why shouldn\u2019t you use clich\u00e9s?<\/h2>\r\nClich\u00e9s are usually not acceptable in academic writing, although some may be effective in daily conversation and less formal writing. Evaluate the context of your writing and be aware that you\u2019re making a choice when you use them.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s make you seem boring.<\/strong>\u00a0By using a clich\u00e9, you\u2019re telling your reader that you lack originality, making them want to yawn and stop reading your paper.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s make your writing and argument interchangeable with anybody else\u2019s.<\/strong>\u00a0Make sure that your argument and writing are specific to you and your writing task.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s are vague.<\/strong>\u00a0It is best to use the most precise wording in order to present evidence and support your arguments as clearly as possible. Specific details and explanations make better evidence than generalizations and trite phrases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s make you seem lazy.<\/strong>\u00a0They are a hedge when you don\u2019t want to do creative work.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s make you lose credibility.<\/strong>\u00a0Your reader will not trust you as an authoritative source if you can\u2019t come up with a better description than a clich\u00e9.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s are poor substitutes for actual evidence.<\/strong>\u00a0Because clich\u00e9s are not specific, they do not offer strong enough commentary to prove your point. Make sure that every sentence of your paper is working toward a goal by eliminating meaningless phrases.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>How to tell when you\u2019re using a clich\u00e9<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>If instructors provide feedback such as \u201ctoo general,\u201d \u201cvague,\u201d or \u201cbe more specific,\u201d what they might really mean is that your writing relies on clich\u00e9s.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ask a friend to listen as you read your writing out loud. If he or she can finish any sentence before you read the whole thing, you have probably employed a clich\u00e9.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Read through your writing alone. Read it slowly and out loud, stopping often to develop mental pictures that reflect what you have written. If you\u2019re writing a paper that needs to be descriptive, do all of your sentences evoke strong images? If you\u2019re writing about something theoretical or persuasive, are all of your points specific and clear? If something is easy to skip over or you can\u2019t assign a direct meaning to it, go back! You may have a clich\u00e9.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ask yourself if what you\u2019ve written is a product of your research, an original argument, or a portrayal of your personal experiences. Could what you wrote appear in anyone else\u2019s essay? If so, you may be relying on clich\u00e9s. No other writer has had exactly the same personal experiences as you, conducted the same research, or formulated the same arguments.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Look through your introduction and your conclusion. Often writers rely on clich\u00e9s to power through what many consider to be the most difficult sections of a paper. If you\u2019re using phrases that sound like they could belong in any generic paper, chances are they\u2019re not serving you well. Of course, you may reuse certain transition words or forms of argument in multiple papers, but try to avoid hackneyed phrases like \u201cThroughout history\u2026\u201d or \u201cIn conclusion\u2026\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>How to get rid of clich\u00e9s<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Research or brainstorm some more. If you are relying on clich\u00e9s, you might not have prepared enough for your writing assignment. Check out our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/brainstorming\/\">brainstorming handout<\/a>. If you think you may be relying on clich\u00e9s instead of actual evidence, consult our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/evidence\/\">handout on evidence<\/a>\u00a0for clarification.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stop and think about what you\u2019re trying to say. What do you really mean? Say your answer out loud and then write it down. List the main ideas that you want to convey in each sentence, and then list synonyms of each idea underneath. Pull out a thesaurus if necessary. This method leaves you with a list of many words, and you can pick the most fitting combination.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Try to pinpoint exactly what you want to say, and write it! Often, keeping it simple is a good idea.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ask yourself questions as you write. Use \u201cwho,\u201d \u201cwhat,\u201d \u201cwhen,\u201d \u201cwhere,\u201d \u201cwhy,\u201d and \u201chow\u201d questions to spur your thinking. Rather than writing \u201cthroughout history\u201d as your introductory line, stop and ask yourself, \u201cWhen? In what era? Where? Who was in power during the specific historical context I am addressing?\u201d The answers to these questions will give you a more focused opening line. For example, imagine you\u2019re writing a paper about papal history. Rather than saying something generic such as, \u201cThroughout history, only two popes have resigned,\u201d you can write something better with the help of a little research. You could end up with the more precise: \u201cIn what represented a nearly unprecedented departure from papal tradition, Pope Benedict XVI became the second pope to resign in 2013.\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Resources<\/h2>\r\nConsult these resources for lists of clich\u00e9s:\r\n\r\nClich\u00e9 List: Definition, Meaning &amp; Examples.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.clichelist.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.clichelist.net\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nExamples of Clich\u00e9s.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/examples.yourdictionary.com\/examples-of-cliches.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/examples.yourdictionary.com\/examples-of-cliches.html<\/a>","rendered":"<div class=\"page-header\">\n<h1>Clich\u00e9s<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What this handout is about<\/h2>\n<p>This handout discusses clich\u00e9s and why you should generally avoid them in order to achieve specificity in both your academic writing and your application essays.<\/p>\n<h2>Introduction: What\u2019s so bad about clich\u00e9s?<\/h2>\n<p>Let\u2019s say you are on a study abroad applications review committee. You are responsible for making sure a limited amount of money goes to the most qualified applicants\u2026and you have to read through hundreds of application essays! Here are two personal statements:<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m a people person, so I am certain to get along well with new people in a strange country. I know how to adapt, because I\u2019m a jack-of-all-trades. I am also prepared to deal with adversity and learn from challenges because I know that every cloud has a silver lining.<\/p>\n<p>I will be able to immerse myself in another country because I have experience as an ESL tutor interacting with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Growing up in a military family taught me how to quickly adapt to new people and environments. I won\u2019t let the inevitable challenges of living abroad deter me from my educational goals. As my numerous failed experiments for my chemistry senior project show, challenges are profitable in the long-run. I finally made a contribution to my field after 200 experiments!<\/p>\n<p>Who gets the money? Both applicants made the same basic argument about themselves. But the second did it with more specificity\u2014in other words, by using detailed evidence to reinforce her more general claims about herself. The first applicant relied on clich\u00e9s\u2014\u201cI\u2019m a people person,\u201d \u201cjack-of-all-trades,\u201d \u201cevery cloud as a silver lining\u201d\u2014that anybody could have used. We didn\u2019t learn anything specific about this person. The second applicant gets the money.<\/p>\n<p>This example shows the problem with clich\u00e9s\u2014they are general statements that do not add any detailed evidence or unique support to a piece of writing, whether that writing is a personal statement or an academic essay.<\/p>\n<h2>What is a clich\u00e9?<\/h2>\n<p>Clich\u00e9s are expressions that either have a general meaning or have \u201clost their meaning\u201d over time. These overused phrases do not provide a specific meaning or image. You are probably familiar with many of them, although you might find it difficult to pinpoint their exact definition. Some are idioms, where the figurative meaning of a group of words is different from the literal definition. For example, \u201cThe devil is in the details\u201d should hopefully not be taken literally! Other clich\u00e9s may once have possessed a precise meaning that made them creative metaphors, but they have now lost their edge because that specific definition has been forgotten or dulled through overuse. \u201cSurvival of the fittest\u201d once evoked Charles Darwin\u2019s theory of evolution through natural selection. Because readers have largely lost this unique context, the phrase has also lost the specificity which may have once made it a potent metaphor. Clich\u00e9s can also obscure fully-developed ideas by serving as placeholders for a more sophisticated discussion. Clich\u00e9s lack specificity and complexity; therefore, they do not make distinctive or memorable contributions to your writing.<\/p>\n<h2>What are some examples of clich\u00e9s?<\/h2>\n<p>We\u2019ve divided some common clich\u00e9s into categories based on the genre in which you might encounter them. Follow the links at the end of this handout for much more comprehensive lists of clich\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Academic Writing \u2013 especially in formulaic introductions or conclusions (see our handouts on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/introductions\/\">introductions<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/conclusions\/\">conclusions<\/a>\u00a0to make sure that you don\u2019t start or end your papers with clich\u00e9s):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In modern society<\/li>\n<li>Throughout history (Be warned: History TAs hate this one!)<\/li>\n<li>In this day and age<\/li>\n<li>In the current climate<\/li>\n<li>From the dawn of man (Historians are also not fond of this one!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Application Essays \u2013 where talking about yourself can lead to getting mushy and using clich\u00e9s (check out our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/application-essays\/\">handout on application essays<\/a>\u00a0to make your personal statements specific and effective):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Good things come to those who wait<\/li>\n<li>Every cloud has a silver lining<\/li>\n<li>Little did I know<\/li>\n<li>I learned more from them than they did from me<\/li>\n<li>Every rose has its thorn<\/li>\n<li>The time of my life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Any type of writing:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In the nick of time<\/li>\n<li>Opposites attract<\/li>\n<li>You win some, you lose some<\/li>\n<li>Easy come, easy go<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Why shouldn\u2019t you use clich\u00e9s?<\/h2>\n<p>Clich\u00e9s are usually not acceptable in academic writing, although some may be effective in daily conversation and less formal writing. Evaluate the context of your writing and be aware that you\u2019re making a choice when you use them.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s make you seem boring.<\/strong>\u00a0By using a clich\u00e9, you\u2019re telling your reader that you lack originality, making them want to yawn and stop reading your paper.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s make your writing and argument interchangeable with anybody else\u2019s.<\/strong>\u00a0Make sure that your argument and writing are specific to you and your writing task.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s are vague.<\/strong>\u00a0It is best to use the most precise wording in order to present evidence and support your arguments as clearly as possible. Specific details and explanations make better evidence than generalizations and trite phrases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s make you seem lazy.<\/strong>\u00a0They are a hedge when you don\u2019t want to do creative work.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s make you lose credibility.<\/strong>\u00a0Your reader will not trust you as an authoritative source if you can\u2019t come up with a better description than a clich\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clich\u00e9s are poor substitutes for actual evidence.<\/strong>\u00a0Because clich\u00e9s are not specific, they do not offer strong enough commentary to prove your point. Make sure that every sentence of your paper is working toward a goal by eliminating meaningless phrases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How to tell when you\u2019re using a clich\u00e9<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>If instructors provide feedback such as \u201ctoo general,\u201d \u201cvague,\u201d or \u201cbe more specific,\u201d what they might really mean is that your writing relies on clich\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>Ask a friend to listen as you read your writing out loud. If he or she can finish any sentence before you read the whole thing, you have probably employed a clich\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Read through your writing alone. Read it slowly and out loud, stopping often to develop mental pictures that reflect what you have written. If you\u2019re writing a paper that needs to be descriptive, do all of your sentences evoke strong images? If you\u2019re writing about something theoretical or persuasive, are all of your points specific and clear? If something is easy to skip over or you can\u2019t assign a direct meaning to it, go back! You may have a clich\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Ask yourself if what you\u2019ve written is a product of your research, an original argument, or a portrayal of your personal experiences. Could what you wrote appear in anyone else\u2019s essay? If so, you may be relying on clich\u00e9s. No other writer has had exactly the same personal experiences as you, conducted the same research, or formulated the same arguments.<\/li>\n<li>Look through your introduction and your conclusion. Often writers rely on clich\u00e9s to power through what many consider to be the most difficult sections of a paper. If you\u2019re using phrases that sound like they could belong in any generic paper, chances are they\u2019re not serving you well. Of course, you may reuse certain transition words or forms of argument in multiple papers, but try to avoid hackneyed phrases like \u201cThroughout history\u2026\u201d or \u201cIn conclusion\u2026\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How to get rid of clich\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Research or brainstorm some more. If you are relying on clich\u00e9s, you might not have prepared enough for your writing assignment. Check out our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/brainstorming\/\">brainstorming handout<\/a>. If you think you may be relying on clich\u00e9s instead of actual evidence, consult our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/handouts\/evidence\/\">handout on evidence<\/a>\u00a0for clarification.<\/li>\n<li>Stop and think about what you\u2019re trying to say. What do you really mean? Say your answer out loud and then write it down. List the main ideas that you want to convey in each sentence, and then list synonyms of each idea underneath. Pull out a thesaurus if necessary. This method leaves you with a list of many words, and you can pick the most fitting combination.<\/li>\n<li>Try to pinpoint exactly what you want to say, and write it! Often, keeping it simple is a good idea.<\/li>\n<li>Ask yourself questions as you write. Use \u201cwho,\u201d \u201cwhat,\u201d \u201cwhen,\u201d \u201cwhere,\u201d \u201cwhy,\u201d and \u201chow\u201d questions to spur your thinking. Rather than writing \u201cthroughout history\u201d as your introductory line, stop and ask yourself, \u201cWhen? In what era? Where? Who was in power during the specific historical context I am addressing?\u201d The answers to these questions will give you a more focused opening line. For example, imagine you\u2019re writing a paper about papal history. Rather than saying something generic such as, \u201cThroughout history, only two popes have resigned,\u201d you can write something better with the help of a little research. You could end up with the more precise: \u201cIn what represented a nearly unprecedented departure from papal tradition, Pope Benedict XVI became the second pope to resign in 2013.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Resources<\/h2>\n<p>Consult these resources for lists of clich\u00e9s:<\/p>\n<p>Clich\u00e9 List: Definition, Meaning &amp; Examples.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.clichelist.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.clichelist.net\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Examples of Clich\u00e9s.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/examples.yourdictionary.com\/examples-of-cliches.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/examples.yourdictionary.com\/examples-of-cliches.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-98\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/cliches\/\">https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/cliches\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":150,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/cliches\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-98","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":97,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/98","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/150"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/98\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/98\/revisions\/99"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/97"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/98\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=98"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=98"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunycorning1020elec201819\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=98"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}