Download a PDF of the lab to print.

Part 1: Prokaryotes

Procedure

1. Access the page “Reading: Prokaryotes.”
2. We will not be using any live bacteria specimens. Instead, watch this video about aseptic technique.This technique is important to avoid microorganism contamination.

Questions

1. Answer the questions below based on the video.
   1. What two tools are most commonly used to transfer bacteria?
   2. With the Bunsen burner, what color is the hottest flame?
   3. How are the inoculation tools sterilized?
   4. When transferring bacteria from a liquid culture to a Petri plate, why do you turn the plate while spreading the bacteria?
   5. When transferring bacteria from a Petri plate to a stab culture, how many times should you stab the needle?
   6. When transferring bacteria into a liquid tube do you flame the mouth of the tube before inoculation, after inoculation, or both?
2. Skip to the end of the lab activity where it says “Prepared slides of typical bacteria” and view the prepared slides of bacterial shapes available in the laboratory.
   1. Draw a picture of the coccus shaped bacteria.
   2. Draw a picture of the bacillus shaped bacteria.
   3. Draw a picture of the spirillum shaped bacteria.
3. View the prepared slides of cyanobacteria available in the laboratory. Although they are single celled note how they form colonies and attach to one another
   1. What is the function of the heterocycst in the Anabaena?
   2. If the Oscillatoria is moving, describe the movement quality below.
   3. Which cyanobacteria species form chains? Which cyanobacteria species form clumps?

Part 2: Protista

Procedure

1. Access the page “Reading: Protists.”
2. Watch this video.

Questions

1. View the Euglenozoans specimens available.
   1. What color is the euglena?
   2. What structure does the euglena use to move?
   3. Can you see any internal chloroplasts?
   4. Can you see the red eyespot? It does not give the organism vision, rather allows it to sense the presence of light.
   5. Trypanosoma sp. cause African sleeping sickness. (This disease was discussed in the video.)  What part of the human body does the Trypanosoma invade?
   6. What structure does the Trypanosoma use to move?
   7. How does the Trypanosoma avoid being killed by the white blood cells?
   8. Can African sleeping sickness cause death?
2. View the diatom specimens available.
   1. What material is found in the cell wall of the diatoms?
   2. Are the organisms single or multi cellular?
3. View the brown algae specimens available.
   1. What pigment does brown algae use for photosynthesis?
   2. Name and describe the characteristics of one brown algae specimen below.
4. View the dinoflagellate specimens available.
   1. What structure does the dinoflagellate use for movement? How many of these structures does it have?
   2. Are the organisms single or multi cellular?
5. View the ciliate specimens available.
   1. What structure does Paramecium use to move? Does it have only one or many of these structures?
   2. Paramecium contains two nucli, a macronucleus (large) and a micronucleus (small). Can you find both of them on your specimen?
   3. Paramecium also contains contractile vacuoles that help maintain water balance through osmosis. Can you locate any on your specimen?
6. View the red algae specimens available.
   1. What pigment does red algae use for photosynthesis?
   2. Name and describe the characteristics of one red algae specimen below.
7. View the green algae specimens available.
   1. What pigment does green algae use for photosynthesis?
   2. Name and describe the characteristics of one green algae specimen below.
8. View the Tubulinid specimens available.
   1. What structure does Amoeba use to move?
   2. Is the Amoeba single or multi celled?
   3. The Amoeba contains contractile vacuoles that help maintain water balance through osmosis. Can you locate any on your specimen?

Summary Questions

1. Answer the questions below to summarize the lab activity:
   1. What type of cell is considered more primitive or basic?
   2. State one difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.
   3. What two domains contain prokaryotic celled organisms?
   4. Identify structures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 on the generalized prokaryotic cell pictured below
      
   5. Are the cyanobacteria autotrophic or heterotrophic?
   6. Which cyanobacteria species secretes a gelatinous sheath?
   7. Which protista are most similar to green plants? Why?
   8. You viewed several protista that exhibited movement. Give an example of a protista that used each of the following movement structures:
      1. Flagella:
      2. Cilia:
      3. Pseudopod:
   9. Give two examples of photosynthetic protista you viewed in lab and state what pigment each uses for photosynthesis.