{"id":109,"date":"2015-07-18T02:07:23","date_gmt":"2015-07-18T02:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/bio2labsxmaster2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=109"},"modified":"2016-01-06T22:13:43","modified_gmt":"2016-01-06T22:13:43","slug":"reading-cnidarians","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/chapter\/reading-cnidarians\/","title":{"raw":"Reading: Cnidarians","rendered":"Reading: Cnidarians"},"content":{"raw":"This laboratory exercise covers the following animals. You should learn this classification scheme and be able to classify the animals into these categories.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Phylum: Cnidaria\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Class: Hydrozoa (Hydra and relatives)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Class: Anthozoa (Sea Anemones and Corals)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Class: Scyphozoa (Jellyfishes)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSome examples of Cnidarians are hydra, jellyfishes, corals, sea anemones, and Portuguese man-of-wars.\r\n<h2>Characteristics<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Radial Symmetry<\/h3>\r\nThe body parts of a radially symmetrical animal are arranged around a central axis so that each part extends from the center. The animal can be cut along the axis in more than one plane to produce identical halves. Animals that exhibit radial symmetry tend to be <strong>sessile<\/strong> (immobile). Radial symmetry allows them to reach out in all directions.\r\n\r\nCnidarians have two tissue layers. The outer layer is the <strong>epidermis<\/strong>. It is formed from ectoderm. The inner layer, the <strong>gastrodermis<\/strong>, secretes digestive juices into the inner space called the <strong>gastrovascular cavity<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gastrodermis is formed from endoderm.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-346\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/cross_section_of_a_cnidarian.gif\" alt=\"cross_section_of_a_cnidarian\" width=\"500\" height=\"264\" \/>\r\n\r\nCnidarians do not have mesoderm and therefore do not have organs.\r\n\r\nA nonliving gelatinous material called <strong>mesoglea<\/strong> separates the two tissue layers. A nerve net is located between the epidermis and mesoglea.\u00a0The body contains long structures called <strong>tentacles<\/strong> that can be moved to capture prey.\u00a0The tentacles contain stinging cells called <b>cnidocytes<\/b> and within each one is a capsule called a nematocyst, which discharges to either trap or sting the prey.\u00a0Contractile (muscle-like) fibers are found in both the epidermis and the gastrodermis. Their movements are not complex because they do not have a brain.\r\n\r\nCnidarians have a <b>hydrostatic skeleton<\/b>. The contractile fibers act against the fluid-filled gastrovascular cavity. The movements are like a balloon; the animal can be short and thick or long and thin.\u00a0Cnidarians have a saclike gut and extracellular digestion.\r\n\r\nTwo body forms are found among the Cnidarians, a <b>polyp<\/b> and a <b>medusa<\/b>. A polyp is attached and has the tentacles and mouth directed upward. A medusa is free-floating and has the mouth and tentacles on the ventral surface. It resembles an upside-down polyp. Some species have both a polyp and a medusa in their life cycle, others have one or the other form dominant.\r\n<h2>Hydrozoa<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Hydra<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Use a dropper to place a live <i>Hydra<\/i> on a slide. Examine the <i>Hydra<\/i> using a dissection microscope.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_349\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"900\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img class=\"wp-image-349\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra-1024x250.jpg\" alt=\"hydra\" width=\"900\" height=\"219\" \/><\/a> Figure 1. <em>Hydra<\/em> (live). Click for a larger view.[\/caption]<\/li>\r\n\t<li><i>Hydra<\/i> reproduce both sexually and asexually by budding. Try to find a live <i>Hydra<\/i> with buds. If you cannot find a live <i>Hydra<\/i> budding, look for budding in a prepared slide of <i>Hydra<\/i>.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_350\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"900\"]<img class=\"wp-image-350\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra_with_bud-1024x379.jpg\" alt=\"Hydra budding. This is a form of asexual reproduction.\" width=\"900\" height=\"333\" \/> Figure 2,\u00a0<em>Hydra<\/em> budding. This is a form of asexual reproduction.[\/caption]<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Add a drop of vinegar to the slide containing <i>Hydra<\/i>. Describe what happened to the cnidocytes.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_351\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"900\"]<img class=\"wp-image-351\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydralive-1024x380.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 7. Left: Hydra (Live) Exposed to 5% Vinegar Solution X 100 Right: Hydra (Live) Exposed to 5% Vinegar Solution X 200 \" width=\"900\" height=\"334\" \/> Figure 3. Left: <em>Hydra<\/em> (Live) Exposed to 5% Vinegar Solution X 100. Right: <em>Hydra<\/em> (Live) Exposed to\u00a05% Vinegar Solution X 200[\/caption]<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Examine microscope slides of hydra l.s. and hydra c.s. Look for the presence of two tissue layers. Identify stinging cells (Cnidocytes) in a slide of the whole animal.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_352\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1024\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img class=\"wp-image-352 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals-1024x269.jpg\" alt=\"Left: Hydra l.s. X 100. Middle: Hydra c.s. X 100. Right: Hydra c.s. X 200\" width=\"1024\" height=\"269\" \/><\/a> Figure 4. Left: Hydra l.s. X 100. Middle: Hydra c.s. X 100. Right: Hydra c.s. X 200. Click for a larger view.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_353\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"900\"]<img class=\"wp-image-353\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/tentacle2.png\" alt=\"Figure 8. Portion of a Hydra tentacle showing cnidocytes \" width=\"900\" height=\"468\" \/> Figure 5. Portion of a Hydra tentacle showing cnidocytes[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_354\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"900\"]<img class=\"wp-image-354\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydraingested.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 5. Left: Hydra l.s. X 40. Right: Hydra l.s. with ingested food X 40 \" width=\"900\" height=\"471\" \/> Figure 5. Left: Hydra l.s. X 40. Right: Hydra l.s. with ingested food X 40[\/caption]<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3>Other Hydrozoans<\/h3>\r\nExamine preserved specimens of <i>Gonionemius<\/i>, <i>Polyorchis<\/i>, and <i>Physalia<\/i>.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_355\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1024\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img class=\"wp-image-355 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus-1024x266.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 6. Gonionemus, preservedPolyorchis, preserved Portuguese Man-Of-War \" width=\"1024\" height=\"266\" \/><\/a> Figure 6. Left: <em>Gonionemus<\/em>, preserved. Middle: <em>Polyorchis<\/em>, preserved. Right: Portuguese Man-Of-War. Click for a larger view.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Sea Anemones and Coral (Class Anthozoa)<\/h2>\r\nExamine a sea anemone and coral.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_356\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-356\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img030.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 7. Sea anemone, preserved\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" \/> Figure 7. Sea anemone, preserved[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_357\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1024\"]<img class=\"wp-image-357 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/skeletons-1024x253.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 8. Astrangia (Northern Coral) SkeletonCoral Skeleton Coral Skeleton\" width=\"1024\" height=\"253\" \/> Figure 8. Left: <em>Astrangia<\/em> (Northern Coral)\u00a0Skeleton. Middle: Coral Skeleton. Right: Coral Skeleton.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Jellyfish (Class Schyphozoa)<\/h2>\r\nExamine preserved jellyfish on display.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_358\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"305\"]<img class=\"wp-image-358 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img034-e1452112987996.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"476\" \/> Figure 9. Aurelia[\/caption]","rendered":"<p>This laboratory exercise covers the following animals. You should learn this classification scheme and be able to classify the animals into these categories.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phylum: Cnidaria\n<ul>\n<li>Class: Hydrozoa (Hydra and relatives)<\/li>\n<li>Class: Anthozoa (Sea Anemones and Corals)<\/li>\n<li>Class: Scyphozoa (Jellyfishes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some examples of Cnidarians are hydra, jellyfishes, corals, sea anemones, and Portuguese man-of-wars.<\/p>\n<h2>Characteristics<\/h2>\n<h3>Radial Symmetry<\/h3>\n<p>The body parts of a radially symmetrical animal are arranged around a central axis so that each part extends from the center. The animal can be cut along the axis in more than one plane to produce identical halves. Animals that exhibit radial symmetry tend to be <strong>sessile<\/strong> (immobile). Radial symmetry allows them to reach out in all directions.<\/p>\n<p>Cnidarians have two tissue layers. The outer layer is the <strong>epidermis<\/strong>. It is formed from ectoderm. The inner layer, the <strong>gastrodermis<\/strong>, secretes digestive juices into the inner space called the <strong>gastrovascular cavity<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gastrodermis is formed from endoderm.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-346\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/cross_section_of_a_cnidarian.gif\" alt=\"cross_section_of_a_cnidarian\" width=\"500\" height=\"264\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cnidarians do not have mesoderm and therefore do not have organs.<\/p>\n<p>A nonliving gelatinous material called <strong>mesoglea<\/strong> separates the two tissue layers. A nerve net is located between the epidermis and mesoglea.\u00a0The body contains long structures called <strong>tentacles<\/strong> that can be moved to capture prey.\u00a0The tentacles contain stinging cells called <b>cnidocytes<\/b> and within each one is a capsule called a nematocyst, which discharges to either trap or sting the prey.\u00a0Contractile (muscle-like) fibers are found in both the epidermis and the gastrodermis. Their movements are not complex because they do not have a brain.<\/p>\n<p>Cnidarians have a <b>hydrostatic skeleton<\/b>. The contractile fibers act against the fluid-filled gastrovascular cavity. The movements are like a balloon; the animal can be short and thick or long and thin.\u00a0Cnidarians have a saclike gut and extracellular digestion.<\/p>\n<p>Two body forms are found among the Cnidarians, a <b>polyp<\/b> and a <b>medusa<\/b>. A polyp is attached and has the tentacles and mouth directed upward. A medusa is free-floating and has the mouth and tentacles on the ventral surface. It resembles an upside-down polyp. Some species have both a polyp and a medusa in their life cycle, others have one or the other form dominant.<\/p>\n<h2>Hydrozoa<\/h2>\n<h3>Hydra<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Use a dropper to place a live <i>Hydra<\/i> on a slide. Examine the <i>Hydra<\/i> using a dissection microscope.\n<div id=\"attachment_349\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-349\" class=\"wp-image-349\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra-1024x250.jpg\" alt=\"hydra\" width=\"900\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra-1024x250.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra-300x73.jpg 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra-65x16.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra-225x55.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra-350x85.jpg 350w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra.jpg 1970w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-349\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. <em>Hydra<\/em> (live). Click for a larger view.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><i>Hydra<\/i> reproduce both sexually and asexually by budding. Try to find a live <i>Hydra<\/i> with buds. If you cannot find a live <i>Hydra<\/i> budding, look for budding in a prepared slide of <i>Hydra<\/i>.\n<div id=\"attachment_350\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-350\" class=\"wp-image-350\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra_with_bud-1024x379.jpg\" alt=\"Hydra budding. This is a form of asexual reproduction.\" width=\"900\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra_with_bud-1024x379.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra_with_bud-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra_with_bud-65x24.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra_with_bud-225x83.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra_with_bud-350x130.jpg 350w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydra_with_bud.jpg 1297w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-350\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2,\u00a0<em>Hydra<\/em> budding. This is a form of asexual reproduction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Add a drop of vinegar to the slide containing <i>Hydra<\/i>. Describe what happened to the cnidocytes.\n<div id=\"attachment_351\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-351\" class=\"wp-image-351\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydralive-1024x380.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 7. Left: Hydra (Live) Exposed to 5% Vinegar Solution X 100 Right: Hydra (Live) Exposed to 5% Vinegar Solution X 200\" width=\"900\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydralive-1024x380.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydralive-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydralive-65x24.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydralive-225x83.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydralive-350x130.jpg 350w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydralive.jpg 1294w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-351\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3. Left: <em>Hydra<\/em> (Live) Exposed to 5% Vinegar Solution X 100. Right: <em>Hydra<\/em> (Live) Exposed to\u00a05% Vinegar Solution X 200<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Examine microscope slides of hydra l.s. and hydra c.s. Look for the presence of two tissue layers. Identify stinging cells (Cnidocytes) in a slide of the whole animal.\n<div id=\"attachment_352\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-352\" class=\"wp-image-352 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals-1024x269.jpg\" alt=\"Left: Hydra l.s. X 100. Middle: Hydra c.s. X 100. Right: Hydra c.s. X 200\" width=\"1024\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals-1024x269.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals-300x79.jpg 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals-65x17.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals-225x59.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals-350x92.jpg 350w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydrals.jpg 1830w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-352\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4. Left: Hydra l.s. X 100. Middle: Hydra c.s. X 100. Right: Hydra c.s. X 200. Click for a larger view.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_353\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-353\" class=\"wp-image-353\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/tentacle2.png\" alt=\"Figure 8. Portion of a Hydra tentacle showing cnidocytes\" width=\"900\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/tentacle2.png 957w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/tentacle2-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/tentacle2-65x34.png 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/tentacle2-225x117.png 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/tentacle2-350x182.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-353\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 5. Portion of a Hydra tentacle showing cnidocytes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_354\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-354\" class=\"wp-image-354\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydraingested.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 5. Left: Hydra l.s. X 40. Right: Hydra l.s. with ingested food X 40\" width=\"900\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydraingested.jpg 918w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydraingested-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydraingested-65x34.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydraingested-225x118.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/hydraingested-350x183.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-354\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 5. Left: Hydra l.s. X 40. Right: Hydra l.s. with ingested food X 40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Other Hydrozoans<\/h3>\n<p>Examine preserved specimens of <i>Gonionemius<\/i>, <i>Polyorchis<\/i>, and <i>Physalia<\/i>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_355\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-355\" class=\"wp-image-355 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus-1024x266.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 6. Gonionemus, preservedPolyorchis, preserved Portuguese Man-Of-War\" width=\"1024\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus-1024x266.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus-300x78.jpg 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus-65x17.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus-225x58.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus-350x91.jpg 350w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/gonionemus.jpg 1849w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-355\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6. Left: <em>Gonionemus<\/em>, preserved. Middle: <em>Polyorchis<\/em>, preserved. Right: Portuguese Man-Of-War. Click for a larger view.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Sea Anemones and Coral (Class Anthozoa)<\/h2>\n<p>Examine a sea anemone and coral.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_356\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-356\" class=\"wp-image-356\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img030.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 7. Sea anemone, preserved\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img030.jpg 640w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img030-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img030-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img030-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img030-350x263.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-356\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 7. Sea anemone, preserved<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_357\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-357\" class=\"wp-image-357 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/skeletons-1024x253.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 8. Astrangia (Northern Coral) SkeletonCoral Skeleton Coral Skeleton\" width=\"1024\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/skeletons-1024x253.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/skeletons-300x74.jpg 300w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/skeletons-65x16.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/skeletons-225x56.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/skeletons-350x86.jpg 350w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/skeletons.jpg 1944w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-357\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 8. Left: <em>Astrangia<\/em> (Northern Coral)\u00a0Skeleton. Middle: Coral Skeleton. Right: Coral Skeleton.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Jellyfish (Class Schyphozoa)<\/h2>\n<p>Examine preserved jellyfish on display.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_358\" style=\"width: 315px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-358\" class=\"wp-image-358 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img034-e1452112987996.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img034-e1452112987996.jpg 305w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img034-e1452112987996-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img034-e1452112987996-65x101.jpg 65w, https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4207\/2015\/07\/img034-e1452112987996-225x351.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-358\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 9. Aurelia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-109\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Cnidarians, Biology 102. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Michael J. Gregory, Ph.D.. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/b51ab7d9e5e1e7063dcb70cee5c33cf7f4b7bad8.googledrive.com\/host\/0Bx6hk6AUBHxDc2d4TDJZTFIyMGs\/files\/Bio%20102\/Bio%20102%20Laboratory\/Animal%20Diversity\/Porifera,%20Radiata\/Cnidarians.html\">https:\/\/b51ab7d9e5e1e7063dcb70cee5c33cf7f4b7bad8.googledrive.com\/host\/0Bx6hk6AUBHxDc2d4TDJZTFIyMGs\/files\/Bio%20102\/Bio%20102%20Laboratory\/Animal%20Diversity\/Porifera,%20Radiata\/Cnidarians.html<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: The Biology Web. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":74,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Cnidarians, Biology 102\",\"author\":\"Michael J. Gregory, Ph.D.\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/b51ab7d9e5e1e7063dcb70cee5c33cf7f4b7bad8.googledrive.com\/host\/0Bx6hk6AUBHxDc2d4TDJZTFIyMGs\/files\/Bio%20102\/Bio%20102%20Laboratory\/Animal%20Diversity\/Porifera,%20Radiata\/Cnidarians.html\",\"project\":\"The Biology Web\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-109","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":97,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":849,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/109\/revisions\/849"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/97"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/109\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=109"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=109"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tcc-biolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}