{"id":1282,"date":"2017-05-25T19:48:01","date_gmt":"2017-05-25T19:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1282"},"modified":"2017-05-25T19:48:01","modified_gmt":"2017-05-25T19:48:01","slug":"for-further-exploration-rings-moons-and-pluto","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/chapter\/for-further-exploration-rings-moons-and-pluto\/","title":{"raw":"For Further Exploration: Rings, Moons, and Pluto","rendered":"For Further Exploration: Rings, Moons, and Pluto"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 data-type=\"title\">Articles<\/h2>\r\n<section id=\"fs-id1163973257123\" data-depth=\"2\"><section id=\"fs-id1163976747230\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Moons<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976493424\">Carroll, M. \"Titan: What We\u2019ve Learned about a Strange New World.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (March 2010): 30. Nice review of Cassini mission results.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973284234\">Elliot, J. \"The Warming Wisps of Triton.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (February 1999): 42. About Neptune\u2019s intriguing moon.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976718842\">Hayes, A., \"Secrets from Titan\u2019s Seas.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (October 2015): 24. Good review of what we now know and what puzzles us about the hydrocarbon lakes of Titan.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976748964\">Jewitt, D., et al. \"The Strangest Satellites in the Solar System.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (August 2006): 40. Small irregular moons in the outer solar system.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976618382\">Lakdawalla, E. \"Ice Worlds of the Ringed Planet.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (June 2009): 27. On the Cassini mission exploration of Enceladus, Iapetus, and other moons.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976725260\">Mackenzie, D. \"Is There Life under the Ice?\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (August 2001): 32. On future exploration of Europa.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976552789\">Robertson, D. \"Where Goes the Rain?\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (March 2013): 26. About the methane weather cycle on Titan and what Cassini experiments are telling us.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973108679\">Scharf, C. \"A Universe of Dark Oceans.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (December 2014): 20. Subsurface oceans on Europa, Ganymede, Enceladus, and Titan.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976544398\">Showalter, M. \"How to Catch a Moon (or Two) of Pluto.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy Beat<\/em> (December 2012): http:\/\/www.astrosociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/ab2012-106.pdf. On the discovery of small moons around Pluto, written by the person who discovered two of them.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976731980\">Spencer, J. \"Galileo\u2019s Closest Look at Io.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (May 2001): 40.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976873166\">Talcott, R. \"Cassini Flies through Enceladus\u2019 Geysers.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (March 2009): 32.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976736873\">Zimmerman, R. \"Does Methane Flow on Titan?\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (February 2014): 22. Ideas about lakes, channels, and rain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-id1163976522890\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Pluto<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976645817\">Stern, A. \"Pluto: Up Close and Personal.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (July 2015): 22. Good summary of the history of understanding Pluto and our current knowledge on the eve of the New Horizons encounter.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976463364\">Stern, A. \"The Pluto System Explored.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (November 2015): 24. Fine review of what the team learned from the first few data downloads from New Horizons.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973116596\">Tombaugh, C. \"How I Found Pluto\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy Beat<\/em> (May 2009): http:\/\/astrosociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/ab2009-23.pdf.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-id1163973080921\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Rings<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976570575\">Beatty, J. \"Saturn\u2019s Amazing Rings.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (May 2013): 18. Good 7-page summary of what we know.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976649776\">Burns, J., et al. \"Bejeweled Worlds.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (February 2002): 64. On rings throughout the solar system.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976404399\">Elliot, J., et al. \"Discovering the Rings of Uranus.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (June 1977): 412.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976528440\">Esposito, L. \"The Changing Shape of Planetary Rings.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (September 1987): 6.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976673984\">Sobel, D. \"Secrets of the Rings.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Discover<\/em> (April 1994): 86. Discusses the outer planet ring systems.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976442738\">Tiscareno, M. \"Ringworld Revelations.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (February 2007): 32. Cassini results about the rings of Saturn.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/section><section id=\"fs-id1163976796234\" data-depth=\"2\">\r\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Websites<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976872567\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Note: Many of the sites about planets and planetary missions listed for <a class=\"target-chapter\" href=\"\/contents\/0bb91d10-14bd-49f7-ae1c-d97d421465b6\">Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System<\/a> and <a class=\"target-chapter\" href=\"\/contents\/24137f9b-61e6-48d5-8ea1-e6fe7fc644d3\">The Giant Planets<\/a> also include good information about the moons of the planets.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973132876\">Cassini Mission to Saturn: http:\/\/saturn.jpl.nasa.gov\/ and http:\/\/www.esa.int\/SPECIALS\/Cassini-Huygens\/index.html and http:\/\/ciclops.org<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976463708\">Jupiter\u2019s Moons, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/jupiter\/moons<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976945573\">Neptune\u2019s Moons, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/neptune\/moons<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976686212\">New Horizons Mission: http:\/\/pluto.jhuapl.edu. Gives the latest news bulletins and images from the Pluto encounter, plus lots of background information.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976452547\">Pluto, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/pluto<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976492442\">Saturn\u2019s Moons, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/saturn\/moons<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976749443\">Uranus\u2019 Moons, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/uranus\/moons<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-id1163976408319\" data-depth=\"2\">\r\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Apps<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976946159\">Two apps you can buy for iPhones or iPads can show you the positions and features of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn for any selected date:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul id=\"fs-id1163973053818\">\r\n \t<li>Jupiter Atlas: https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/ju[iter-atlas\/id352033947?mt=8<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Saturn Atlas: https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/saturn-atlas\/id352038051?mt=8<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-id1163976459984\" data-depth=\"2\">\r\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Videos<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976420867\">Amazing Moons: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CQjZf2bW9XQ. 2016 NASA video on intriguing moons in our solar system (4:16).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976766205\">Briny Breath of Enceladus: http:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/video\/details.php?id=846. Brief 2009 JPL film on the geysers of Enceladus (2:36).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976809821\">Dr. Carolyn Porco\u2019s TED Talk on Enceladus: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TRQdHrGuVgI (3:26).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976530103\">Titan: http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iTrOFefYxFg. Video from Open University, with interviews, animations, and images (8:11).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976647746\">Europa Mission: http:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/events\/lectures_archive.php?year=2016&amp;month=2. 2016 talk by two JPL scientists on NASA\u2019s plans for a mission to Jupiter\u2019s moon, which may have an underground liquid ocean (1:26:22).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976497601\">Great Planet Debate: http:\/\/gpd.jhuapl.edu\/debate\/debateStream.php OR https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RJ8EErV6-6Q. Neil deGrasse Tyson debates Mark Sykes about how to characterize Pluto, in 2008 (1:14:11).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976873561\">How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming: http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7pbj_llmiMg. 2011 Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture by Michael Brown on the \"demotion\" of Pluto to a dwarf planet (1:27:13).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973336491\">Seeking Pluto\u2019s Frigid Heart: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jIxQXGTl_mo. Dramatic 2016 <em data-effect=\"italics\">New York Times<\/em> production, narrated by Dennis Overbye (7:43).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976556306\">Saturn\u2019s Restless Rings: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X5zcrEze8L4. 2013 talk by Mark Showalter in the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture Series (1:30:59).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section>","rendered":"<h2 data-type=\"title\">Articles<\/h2>\n<section id=\"fs-id1163973257123\" data-depth=\"2\">\n<section id=\"fs-id1163976747230\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Moons<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976493424\">Carroll, M. &#8220;Titan: What We\u2019ve Learned about a Strange New World.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (March 2010): 30. Nice review of Cassini mission results.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973284234\">Elliot, J. &#8220;The Warming Wisps of Triton.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (February 1999): 42. About Neptune\u2019s intriguing moon.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976718842\">Hayes, A., &#8220;Secrets from Titan\u2019s Seas.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (October 2015): 24. Good review of what we now know and what puzzles us about the hydrocarbon lakes of Titan.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976748964\">Jewitt, D., et al. &#8220;The Strangest Satellites in the Solar System.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (August 2006): 40. Small irregular moons in the outer solar system.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976618382\">Lakdawalla, E. &#8220;Ice Worlds of the Ringed Planet.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (June 2009): 27. On the Cassini mission exploration of Enceladus, Iapetus, and other moons.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976725260\">Mackenzie, D. &#8220;Is There Life under the Ice?&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (August 2001): 32. On future exploration of Europa.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976552789\">Robertson, D. &#8220;Where Goes the Rain?&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (March 2013): 26. About the methane weather cycle on Titan and what Cassini experiments are telling us.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973108679\">Scharf, C. &#8220;A Universe of Dark Oceans.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (December 2014): 20. Subsurface oceans on Europa, Ganymede, Enceladus, and Titan.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976544398\">Showalter, M. &#8220;How to Catch a Moon (or Two) of Pluto.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy Beat<\/em> (December 2012): http:\/\/www.astrosociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/ab2012-106.pdf. On the discovery of small moons around Pluto, written by the person who discovered two of them.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976731980\">Spencer, J. &#8220;Galileo\u2019s Closest Look at Io.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (May 2001): 40.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976873166\">Talcott, R. &#8220;Cassini Flies through Enceladus\u2019 Geysers.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (March 2009): 32.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976736873\">Zimmerman, R. &#8220;Does Methane Flow on Titan?&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (February 2014): 22. Ideas about lakes, channels, and rain.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1163976522890\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Pluto<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976645817\">Stern, A. &#8220;Pluto: Up Close and Personal.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (July 2015): 22. Good summary of the history of understanding Pluto and our current knowledge on the eve of the New Horizons encounter.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976463364\">Stern, A. &#8220;The Pluto System Explored.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (November 2015): 24. Fine review of what the team learned from the first few data downloads from New Horizons.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973116596\">Tombaugh, C. &#8220;How I Found Pluto&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy Beat<\/em> (May 2009): http:\/\/astrosociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/ab2009-23.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1163973080921\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Rings<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976570575\">Beatty, J. &#8220;Saturn\u2019s Amazing Rings.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (May 2013): 18. Good 7-page summary of what we know.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976649776\">Burns, J., et al. &#8220;Bejeweled Worlds.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (February 2002): 64. On rings throughout the solar system.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976404399\">Elliot, J., et al. &#8220;Discovering the Rings of Uranus.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (June 1977): 412.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976528440\">Esposito, L. &#8220;The Changing Shape of Planetary Rings.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (September 1987): 6.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976673984\">Sobel, D. &#8220;Secrets of the Rings.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Discover<\/em> (April 1994): 86. Discusses the outer planet ring systems.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976442738\">Tiscareno, M. &#8220;Ringworld Revelations.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (February 2007): 32. Cassini results about the rings of Saturn.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1163976796234\" data-depth=\"2\">\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Websites<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976872567\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Note: Many of the sites about planets and planetary missions listed for <a class=\"target-chapter\" href=\"\/contents\/0bb91d10-14bd-49f7-ae1c-d97d421465b6\">Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System<\/a> and <a class=\"target-chapter\" href=\"\/contents\/24137f9b-61e6-48d5-8ea1-e6fe7fc644d3\">The Giant Planets<\/a> also include good information about the moons of the planets.<\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973132876\">Cassini Mission to Saturn: http:\/\/saturn.jpl.nasa.gov\/ and http:\/\/www.esa.int\/SPECIALS\/Cassini-Huygens\/index.html and http:\/\/ciclops.org<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976463708\">Jupiter\u2019s Moons, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/jupiter\/moons<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976945573\">Neptune\u2019s Moons, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/neptune\/moons<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976686212\">New Horizons Mission: http:\/\/pluto.jhuapl.edu. Gives the latest news bulletins and images from the Pluto encounter, plus lots of background information.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976452547\">Pluto, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/pluto<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976492442\">Saturn\u2019s Moons, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/saturn\/moons<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976749443\">Uranus\u2019 Moons, at JPL: http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/uranus\/moons<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1163976408319\" data-depth=\"2\">\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Apps<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976946159\">Two apps you can buy for iPhones or iPads can show you the positions and features of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn for any selected date:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"fs-id1163973053818\">\n<li>Jupiter Atlas: https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/ju[iter-atlas\/id352033947?mt=8<\/li>\n<li>Saturn Atlas: https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/saturn-atlas\/id352038051?mt=8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1163976459984\" data-depth=\"2\">\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Videos<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976420867\">Amazing Moons: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CQjZf2bW9XQ. 2016 NASA video on intriguing moons in our solar system (4:16).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976766205\">Briny Breath of Enceladus: http:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/video\/details.php?id=846. Brief 2009 JPL film on the geysers of Enceladus (2:36).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976809821\">Dr. Carolyn Porco\u2019s TED Talk on Enceladus: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TRQdHrGuVgI (3:26).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976530103\">Titan: http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iTrOFefYxFg. Video from Open University, with interviews, animations, and images (8:11).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976647746\">Europa Mission: http:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/events\/lectures_archive.php?year=2016&amp;month=2. 2016 talk by two JPL scientists on NASA\u2019s plans for a mission to Jupiter\u2019s moon, which may have an underground liquid ocean (1:26:22).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976497601\">Great Planet Debate: http:\/\/gpd.jhuapl.edu\/debate\/debateStream.php OR https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RJ8EErV6-6Q. Neil deGrasse Tyson debates Mark Sykes about how to characterize Pluto, in 2008 (1:14:11).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976873561\">How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming: http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7pbj_llmiMg. 2011 Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture by Michael Brown on the &#8220;demotion&#8221; of Pluto to a dwarf planet (1:27:13).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163973336491\">Seeking Pluto\u2019s Frigid Heart: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jIxQXGTl_mo. Dramatic 2016 <em data-effect=\"italics\">New York Times<\/em> production, narrated by Dennis Overbye (7:43).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1163976556306\">Saturn\u2019s Restless Rings: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X5zcrEze8L4. 2013 talk by Mark Showalter in the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture Series (1:30:59).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1282\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Astronomy. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax CNX. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Astronomy\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax CNX\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1.\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1282","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":359,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1282\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1311,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1282\/revisions\/1311"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/359"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1282\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1282"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1282"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}