{"id":1395,"date":"2017-05-25T20:22:29","date_gmt":"2017-05-25T20:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1395"},"modified":"2017-05-25T20:22:29","modified_gmt":"2017-05-25T20:22:29","slug":"for-further-exploration-life-in-the-universe","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/chapter\/for-further-exploration-life-in-the-universe\/","title":{"raw":"For Further Exploration: Life in the Universe","rendered":"For Further Exploration: Life in the Universe"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 data-type=\"title\">Articles<\/h2>\r\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047249133\" data-depth=\"2\"><section id=\"fs-id1168048148583\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Astrobiology<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047917248\">Chyba, C. \"The New Search for Life in the Universe.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (May 2010): 34. An overview of astrobiology and the search for life out there in general, with a brief discussion of the search for intelligence.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047248924\">Dorminey, B. \"A New Way to Search for Life in Space.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (June 2014): 44. Finding evidence of photosynthesis on other worlds.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047709947\">McKay, C., &amp; Garcia, V. \"How to Search for Life on Mars.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (June 2014): 44\u201349. Experiments future probes could perform.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168048001498\">Reed, N. \"Why We Haven\u2019t Found Another Earth Yet.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (February 2016): 25. On the search for smaller earthlike planets in their star\u2019s habitable zones, and where we stand.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047235596\">Shapiro, R. \"A Simpler Origin of Life.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (June 2007): 46. New ideas about what kind of molecules formed first so life could begin.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047711054\">Simpson, S. \"Questioning the Oldest Signs of Life.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (April 2003): 70. On the difficulty of interpreting biosignatures in rocks and the implications for the search for life on other worlds.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-id1168047911392\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">SETI<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047195945\">Chandler, D. \"The New Search for Alien Intelligence.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (September 2013): 28. Review of various ways of finding other civilizations out there, not just radio wave searches.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047752540\">Crawford, I. \"Where Are They?\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (July 2000): 38. On the Fermi paradox and its resolutions, and on galactic colonization models.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047371724\">Folger, T. \"Contact: The Day After.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (January 2011): 40\u201345. Journalist reports on efforts to prepare for ET signals; protocols and plans for interpreting messages; and discussions of active SETI.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047195198\">Kuhn, J., et al. \"How to Find ET with Infrared Light.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (June 2013): 30. On tracking alien civilizations by the heat they put out.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047848402\">Lubick, N. \"An Ear to the Stars.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (November 2002): 42. Profile of SETI researcher Jill Tarter.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168048139422\">Nadis, S. \"How Many Civilizations Lurk in the Cosmos?\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (April 2010): 24. New estimates for the terms in the Drake equation.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047572552\">Shostak, S. \"Closing in on E.T.\" <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (November 2010): 22. Nice summary of current and proposed efforts to search for intelligent life out there.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/section><section id=\"fs-id1168048145533\" data-depth=\"2\">\r\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Websites<\/h2>\r\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047378430\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Astrobiology<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047385283\">Astrobiology Web: http:\/\/astrobiology.com\/. A news site with good information and lots of material.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047608310\">Exploring Life\u2019s Origins: http:\/\/exploringorigins.org\/index.html. A website for the Exploring Origins Project, part of the multimedia exhibit of the Boston Museum of Science. Explore the origin of life on Earth with an interactive timeline, gain a deeper knowledge of the role of RNA, \"build\" a cell, and explore links to learn more about astrobiology and other related information.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047803578\">History of Astrobiology: https:\/\/astrobiology.nasa.gov\/about\/history-of-astrobiology\/. By Marc Kaufman, on the NASA Astrobiology site.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047583904\">Life, Here and Beyond: https:\/\/astrobiology.nasa.gov\/about\/. By Marc Kaufman, on the NASA Astrobiology site.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-id1168047373124\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">SETI<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047993779\">Berkeley SETI Research Center: https:\/\/seti.berkeley.edu\/. The University of California group recently received a $100 million grant from a Russian billionaire to begin the Breakthrough: Listen project.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047412236\">Fermi Paradox: http:\/\/www.seti.org\/seti-institute\/project\/details\/fermi-paradox. Could we be alone in our part of the Galaxy or, more dramatic still, could we be the only technological society in the universe? A useful discussion.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047738215\">Planetary Society: http:\/\/www.planetary.org\/explore\/projects\/seti\/. This advocacy group for exploration has several pages devoted to the search for life.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047169953\">SETI Institute: http:\/\/www.seti.org. A key organization in the search for life in the universe; the institute\u2019s website is full of information and videos about both astrobiology and SETI.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047871621\">SETI: http:\/\/www.skyandtelescope.com\/tag\/seti\/. <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> magazine offers good articles on this topic.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/section><section id=\"fs-id1168047698317\" data-depth=\"2\">\r\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Videos<\/h2>\r\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047199112\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Astrobiology<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047870598\">Copernicus Complex: Are We Special in the Cosmos?: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ERp0AHYRm_Q. A video of a popular-level talk by Caleb Scharf of Columbia University (1:18:54).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047216346\">Life at the Edge: Life in Extreme Environments on Earth and the Search for Life in the Universe: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=91JQmTn0SF0. A video of a 2009 nontechnical lecture by Lynn Rothschild of NASA Ames Research Center (1:31:21).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047697351\">Saturn\u2019s Moon Titan: A World with Rivers, Lakes, and Possibly Even Life: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bbkTJeHoOKY. A video of a 2011 talk by Chris McKay of NASA Ames Research Center (1:23:33).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-id1168047199525\" data-depth=\"3\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">SETI<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047380777\">Allen Telescope Array: The Newest Pitchfork for Exploring the Cosmic Haystack: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aqsI1HZCgUM. A 2013 popular-level lecture by Jill Tarter of the SETI Institute (1:45:55).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047788322\">Confessions of an Alien Hunter: http:\/\/fora.tv\/2009\/03\/31\/Seth_Shostak_Confessions_of_an_Alien_Hunter. 2009 interview with Seth Shostak on FORA TV (36:27).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047548181\">Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence: Necessarily a Long-Term Strategy: http:\/\/www.longnow.org\/seminars\/02004\/jul\/09\/the-search-for-extra-terrestrial-intelligence-necessarily-a-long-term-strategy\/. 2004 talk by Jill Tarter at the Long Now Foundation (1:21:13).<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047139000\">Search for Intelligent Life Among the Stars: New Strategies: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m9WxW2ktcKU. A 2010 nontechnical talk by Seth Shostak of the SETI Institute (1:29:58).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/section>","rendered":"<h2 data-type=\"title\">Articles<\/h2>\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047249133\" data-depth=\"2\">\n<section id=\"fs-id1168048148583\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Astrobiology<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047917248\">Chyba, C. &#8220;The New Search for Life in the Universe.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (May 2010): 34. An overview of astrobiology and the search for life out there in general, with a brief discussion of the search for intelligence.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047248924\">Dorminey, B. &#8220;A New Way to Search for Life in Space.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (June 2014): 44. Finding evidence of photosynthesis on other worlds.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047709947\">McKay, C., &amp; Garcia, V. &#8220;How to Search for Life on Mars.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (June 2014): 44\u201349. Experiments future probes could perform.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168048001498\">Reed, N. &#8220;Why We Haven\u2019t Found Another Earth Yet.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (February 2016): 25. On the search for smaller earthlike planets in their star\u2019s habitable zones, and where we stand.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047235596\">Shapiro, R. &#8220;A Simpler Origin of Life.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (June 2007): 46. New ideas about what kind of molecules formed first so life could begin.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047711054\">Simpson, S. &#8220;Questioning the Oldest Signs of Life.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (April 2003): 70. On the difficulty of interpreting biosignatures in rocks and the implications for the search for life on other worlds.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047911392\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">SETI<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047195945\">Chandler, D. &#8220;The New Search for Alien Intelligence.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (September 2013): 28. Review of various ways of finding other civilizations out there, not just radio wave searches.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047752540\">Crawford, I. &#8220;Where Are They?&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (July 2000): 38. On the Fermi paradox and its resolutions, and on galactic colonization models.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047371724\">Folger, T. &#8220;Contact: The Day After.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (January 2011): 40\u201345. Journalist reports on efforts to prepare for ET signals; protocols and plans for interpreting messages; and discussions of active SETI.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047195198\">Kuhn, J., et al. &#8220;How to Find ET with Infrared Light.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (June 2013): 30. On tracking alien civilizations by the heat they put out.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047848402\">Lubick, N. &#8220;An Ear to the Stars.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Scientific American<\/em> (November 2002): 42. Profile of SETI researcher Jill Tarter.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168048139422\">Nadis, S. &#8220;How Many Civilizations Lurk in the Cosmos?&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Astronomy<\/em> (April 2010): 24. New estimates for the terms in the Drake equation.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047572552\">Shostak, S. &#8220;Closing in on E.T.&#8221; <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> (November 2010): 22. Nice summary of current and proposed efforts to search for intelligent life out there.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1168048145533\" data-depth=\"2\">\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Websites<\/h2>\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047378430\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Astrobiology<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047385283\">Astrobiology Web: http:\/\/astrobiology.com\/. A news site with good information and lots of material.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047608310\">Exploring Life\u2019s Origins: http:\/\/exploringorigins.org\/index.html. A website for the Exploring Origins Project, part of the multimedia exhibit of the Boston Museum of Science. Explore the origin of life on Earth with an interactive timeline, gain a deeper knowledge of the role of RNA, &#8220;build&#8221; a cell, and explore links to learn more about astrobiology and other related information.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047803578\">History of Astrobiology: https:\/\/astrobiology.nasa.gov\/about\/history-of-astrobiology\/. By Marc Kaufman, on the NASA Astrobiology site.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047583904\">Life, Here and Beyond: https:\/\/astrobiology.nasa.gov\/about\/. By Marc Kaufman, on the NASA Astrobiology site.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047373124\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">SETI<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047993779\">Berkeley SETI Research Center: https:\/\/seti.berkeley.edu\/. The University of California group recently received a $100 million grant from a Russian billionaire to begin the Breakthrough: Listen project.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047412236\">Fermi Paradox: http:\/\/www.seti.org\/seti-institute\/project\/details\/fermi-paradox. Could we be alone in our part of the Galaxy or, more dramatic still, could we be the only technological society in the universe? A useful discussion.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047738215\">Planetary Society: http:\/\/www.planetary.org\/explore\/projects\/seti\/. This advocacy group for exploration has several pages devoted to the search for life.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047169953\">SETI Institute: http:\/\/www.seti.org. A key organization in the search for life in the universe; the institute\u2019s website is full of information and videos about both astrobiology and SETI.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047871621\">SETI: http:\/\/www.skyandtelescope.com\/tag\/seti\/. <em data-effect=\"italics\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/em> magazine offers good articles on this topic.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047698317\" data-depth=\"2\">\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Videos<\/h2>\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047199112\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">Astrobiology<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047870598\">Copernicus Complex: Are We Special in the Cosmos?: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ERp0AHYRm_Q. A video of a popular-level talk by Caleb Scharf of Columbia University (1:18:54).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047216346\">Life at the Edge: Life in Extreme Environments on Earth and the Search for Life in the Universe: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=91JQmTn0SF0. A video of a 2009 nontechnical lecture by Lynn Rothschild of NASA Ames Research Center (1:31:21).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047697351\">Saturn\u2019s Moon Titan: A World with Rivers, Lakes, and Possibly Even Life: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bbkTJeHoOKY. A video of a 2011 talk by Chris McKay of NASA Ames Research Center (1:23:33).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id1168047199525\" data-depth=\"3\">\n<h3 data-type=\"title\"><em data-effect=\"italics\">SETI<\/em><\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047380777\">Allen Telescope Array: The Newest Pitchfork for Exploring the Cosmic Haystack: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aqsI1HZCgUM. A 2013 popular-level lecture by Jill Tarter of the SETI Institute (1:45:55).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047788322\">Confessions of an Alien Hunter: http:\/\/fora.tv\/2009\/03\/31\/Seth_Shostak_Confessions_of_an_Alien_Hunter. 2009 interview with Seth Shostak on FORA TV (36:27).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047548181\">Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence: Necessarily a Long-Term Strategy: http:\/\/www.longnow.org\/seminars\/02004\/jul\/09\/the-search-for-extra-terrestrial-intelligence-necessarily-a-long-term-strategy\/. 2004 talk by Jill Tarter at the Long Now Foundation (1:21:13).<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-id1168047139000\">Search for Intelligent Life Among the Stars: New Strategies: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m9WxW2ktcKU. A 2010 nontechnical talk by Seth Shostak of the SETI Institute (1:29:58).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1395\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Astronomy. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax CNX. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Astronomy\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax CNX\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/2e737be8-ea65-48c3-aa0a-9f35b4c6a966@10.1.\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1395","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":909,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1399,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1395\/revisions\/1399"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/909"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1395\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/towson-astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}