{"id":1758,"date":"2014-10-21T22:06:39","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T22:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/apvccs\/?post_type=chapter&p=1758"},"modified":"2017-03-09T18:38:59","modified_gmt":"2017-03-09T18:38:59","slug":"glossary-the-tissue-level-of-organization","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/trident-ap1\/chapter\/glossary-the-tissue-level-of-organization\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary: The Tissue Level of Organization","rendered":"Glossary: The Tissue Level of Organization"},"content":{"raw":"adipocytes:<\/strong> lipid storage cells\r\n\r\nadipose tissue:<\/strong> specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat\r\n\r\nanchoring junction:<\/strong> mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane\r\n\r\napical:<\/strong> that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space\r\n\r\napocrine secretion:<\/strong> release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell\r\n\r\napoptosis:<\/strong> programmed cell death\r\n\r\nareolar tissue:<\/strong> (also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix\r\n\r\nastrocyte:<\/strong> star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and\/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier\r\n\r\natrophy:<\/strong> loss of mass and function\r\n\r\nbasal lamina:<\/strong> thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues\r\n\r\nbasement membrane:<\/strong> in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina\r\n\r\ncardiac muscle:<\/strong> heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously\r\n\r\ncell junction:<\/strong> point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue\r\n\r\nchondrocytes:<\/strong> cells of the cartilage\r\n\r\nclotting:<\/strong> also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding\r\n\r\ncollagen fiber:<\/strong> flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength\r\n\r\nconnective tissue membrane:<\/strong> connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints\r\n\r\nconnective tissue proper:<\/strong> connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.\r\n\r\nconnective tissue:<\/strong> type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body\u2019s organs and systems\r\n\r\ncutaneous membrane:<\/strong> skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body\r\n\r\ndense connective tissue:<\/strong> connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection\r\n\r\nectoderm:<\/strong> outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive\r\n\r\nelastic cartilage:<\/strong> type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity\r\n\r\nelastic fiber:<\/strong> fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size\r\n\r\nendocrine gland:<\/strong> groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood\r\n\r\nendoderm:<\/strong> innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive\r\n\r\nendothelium:<\/strong> tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium\r\n\r\nepithelial membrane:<\/strong> epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue\r\n\r\nepithelial tissue:<\/strong> type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion\r\n\r\nexocrine gland:<\/strong> group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body\r\n\r\nfibroblast:<\/strong> most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space\r\n\r\nfibrocartilage:<\/strong> tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance\r\n\r\nfibrocyte:<\/strong> less active form of fibroblast\r\n\r\nfluid connective tissue:<\/strong> specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins\r\n\r\ngap junction:<\/strong> allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells\r\n\r\ngoblet cell:<\/strong> unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous\r\n\r\nground substance:<\/strong> fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix\r\n\r\nhistamine:<\/strong> chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability\r\n\r\nhistology:<\/strong> microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function\r\n\r\nholocrine secretion:<\/strong> release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion\r\n\r\nhyaline cartilage:<\/strong> most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance\r\n\r\ninflammation:<\/strong> response of tissue to injury\r\n\r\nlacunae:<\/strong> (singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy\r\n\r\nlamina propria:<\/strong> areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane\r\n\r\nloose connective tissue:<\/strong> (also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix\r\n\r\nmatrix:<\/strong> extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers\r\n\r\nmerocrine secretion:<\/strong> release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis\r\n\r\nmesenchymal cell:<\/strong> adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived\r\n\r\nmesenchyme:<\/strong> embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive\r\n\r\nmesoderm:<\/strong> middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive\r\n\r\nmesothelium:<\/strong> simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes\r\n\r\nmucous connective tissue:<\/strong> specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord\r\n\r\nmucous gland:<\/strong> group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant\r\n\r\nmucous membrane:<\/strong> tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment\r\n\r\nmuscle tissue:<\/strong> type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.\r\n\r\nmyelin:<\/strong> layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons\r\n\r\nmyocyte:<\/strong> muscle cells\r\n\r\nnecrosis:<\/strong> accidental death of cells and tissues\r\n\r\nnervous tissue:<\/strong> type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.\r\n\r\nneuroglia:<\/strong> supportive neural cells\r\n\r\nneuron:<\/strong> excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses\r\n\r\noligodendrocyte:<\/strong> neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain\r\n\r\nparenchyma:<\/strong> functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ\r\n\r\nprimary union:<\/strong> edges of a wound are close enough together to promote healing without the use of stitches to hold them close\r\n\r\npseudostratified columnar epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract\r\n\r\nreticular fiber:<\/strong> fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting \u201cnets\u201d within connective tissue\r\n\r\nreticular lamina:<\/strong> matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane\r\n\r\nreticular tissue:<\/strong> type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver\r\n\r\nSchwann cell:<\/strong> neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system\r\n\r\nsecondary union:<\/strong> wound healing facilitated by wound contraction\r\n\r\nserous gland:<\/strong> group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface\r\n\r\nserous membrane:<\/strong> type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid\r\n\r\nsimple columnar epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs\r\n\r\nsimple cuboidal epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules\r\n\r\nsimple squamous epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface\r\n\r\nskeletal muscle:<\/strong> usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated\r\n\r\nsmooth muscle:<\/strong> under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber\r\n\r\nstratified columnar epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts\r\n\r\nstratified cuboidal epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts\r\n\r\nstratified squamous epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion\r\n\r\nstriation:<\/strong> alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern\r\n\r\nsupportive connective tissue:<\/strong> type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue\r\n\r\nsynovial membrane:<\/strong> connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication\r\n\r\ntight junction:<\/strong> forms an impermeable barrier between cells\r\n\r\ntissue membrane:<\/strong> thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities\r\n\r\ntissue:<\/strong> group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions\r\n\r\ntotipotent:<\/strong> embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body\r\n\r\ntransitional epithelium:<\/strong> form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine\r\n\r\nvasodilation:<\/strong> widening of blood vessels\r\n\r\nwound contraction:<\/strong> process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together","rendered":"

adipocytes:<\/strong> lipid storage cells<\/p>\n

adipose tissue:<\/strong> specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat<\/p>\n

anchoring junction:<\/strong> mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane<\/p>\n

apical:<\/strong> that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space<\/p>\n

apocrine secretion:<\/strong> release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell<\/p>\n

apoptosis:<\/strong> programmed cell death<\/p>\n

areolar tissue:<\/strong> (also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix<\/p>\n

astrocyte:<\/strong> star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and\/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier<\/p>\n

atrophy:<\/strong> loss of mass and function<\/p>\n

basal lamina:<\/strong> thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues<\/p>\n

basement membrane:<\/strong> in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina<\/p>\n

cardiac muscle:<\/strong> heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously<\/p>\n

cell junction:<\/strong> point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue<\/p>\n

chondrocytes:<\/strong> cells of the cartilage<\/p>\n

clotting:<\/strong> also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding<\/p>\n

collagen fiber:<\/strong> flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength<\/p>\n

connective tissue membrane:<\/strong> connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints<\/p>\n

connective tissue proper:<\/strong> connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.<\/p>\n

connective tissue:<\/strong> type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body\u2019s organs and systems<\/p>\n

cutaneous membrane:<\/strong> skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body<\/p>\n

dense connective tissue:<\/strong> connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection<\/p>\n

ectoderm:<\/strong> outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive<\/p>\n

elastic cartilage:<\/strong> type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity<\/p>\n

elastic fiber:<\/strong> fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size<\/p>\n

endocrine gland:<\/strong> groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood<\/p>\n

endoderm:<\/strong> innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive<\/p>\n

endothelium:<\/strong> tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium<\/p>\n

epithelial membrane:<\/strong> epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue<\/p>\n

epithelial tissue:<\/strong> type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion<\/p>\n

exocrine gland:<\/strong> group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body<\/p>\n

fibroblast:<\/strong> most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space<\/p>\n

fibrocartilage:<\/strong> tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance<\/p>\n

fibrocyte:<\/strong> less active form of fibroblast<\/p>\n

fluid connective tissue:<\/strong> specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins<\/p>\n

gap junction:<\/strong> allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells<\/p>\n

goblet cell:<\/strong> unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous<\/p>\n

ground substance:<\/strong> fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix<\/p>\n

histamine:<\/strong> chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability<\/p>\n

histology:<\/strong> microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function<\/p>\n

holocrine secretion:<\/strong> release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion<\/p>\n

hyaline cartilage:<\/strong> most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance<\/p>\n

inflammation:<\/strong> response of tissue to injury<\/p>\n

lacunae:<\/strong> (singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy<\/p>\n

lamina propria:<\/strong> areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane<\/p>\n

loose connective tissue:<\/strong> (also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix<\/p>\n

matrix:<\/strong> extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers<\/p>\n

merocrine secretion:<\/strong> release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis<\/p>\n

mesenchymal cell:<\/strong> adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived<\/p>\n

mesenchyme:<\/strong> embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive<\/p>\n

mesoderm:<\/strong> middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive<\/p>\n

mesothelium:<\/strong> simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes<\/p>\n

mucous connective tissue:<\/strong> specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord<\/p>\n

mucous gland:<\/strong> group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant<\/p>\n

mucous membrane:<\/strong> tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment<\/p>\n

muscle tissue:<\/strong> type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.<\/p>\n

myelin:<\/strong> layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons<\/p>\n

myocyte:<\/strong> muscle cells<\/p>\n

necrosis:<\/strong> accidental death of cells and tissues<\/p>\n

nervous tissue:<\/strong> type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.<\/p>\n

neuroglia:<\/strong> supportive neural cells<\/p>\n

neuron:<\/strong> excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses<\/p>\n

oligodendrocyte:<\/strong> neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain<\/p>\n

parenchyma:<\/strong> functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ<\/p>\n

primary union:<\/strong> edges of a wound are close enough together to promote healing without the use of stitches to hold them close<\/p>\n

pseudostratified columnar epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract<\/p>\n

reticular fiber:<\/strong> fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting \u201cnets\u201d within connective tissue<\/p>\n

reticular lamina:<\/strong> matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane<\/p>\n

reticular tissue:<\/strong> type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver<\/p>\n

Schwann cell:<\/strong> neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system<\/p>\n

secondary union:<\/strong> wound healing facilitated by wound contraction<\/p>\n

serous gland:<\/strong> group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface<\/p>\n

serous membrane:<\/strong> type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid<\/p>\n

simple columnar epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs<\/p>\n

simple cuboidal epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules<\/p>\n

simple squamous epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface<\/p>\n

skeletal muscle:<\/strong> usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated<\/p>\n

smooth muscle:<\/strong> under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber<\/p>\n

stratified columnar epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts<\/p>\n

stratified cuboidal epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts<\/p>\n

stratified squamous epithelium:<\/strong> tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion<\/p>\n

striation:<\/strong> alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern<\/p>\n

supportive connective tissue:<\/strong> type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue<\/p>\n

synovial membrane:<\/strong> connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication<\/p>\n

tight junction:<\/strong> forms an impermeable barrier between cells<\/p>\n

tissue membrane:<\/strong> thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities<\/p>\n

tissue:<\/strong> group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions<\/p>\n

totipotent:<\/strong> embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body<\/p>\n

transitional epithelium:<\/strong> form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine<\/p>\n

vasodilation:<\/strong> widening of blood vessels<\/p>\n

wound contraction:<\/strong> process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

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