{"id":2510,"date":"2016-08-23T15:50:05","date_gmt":"2016-08-23T15:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2510"},"modified":"2017-08-28T21:28:49","modified_gmt":"2017-08-28T21:28:49","slug":"substances","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/chapter\/substances\/","title":{"raw":"Substances","rendered":"Substances"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Define substance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3><strong>Have you ever had the experience of opening the refrigerator and seeing something you don\u2019t recognize?<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZDQyMDgxZGZlMGEwZTk2NGZjN2MzNmEyZjZmMmIzMWM.-wt5\">Not an unfamiliar food, but something that has changed over the time period it was in the refrigerator. You are not sure just what it is, so you call it \u201cstuff.\u201d Looking at it, you know it\u2019s not a good idea to eat it, so you throw it out. If you\u2019re not sure just what it is, you certainly don\u2019t want to put it in your body.<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3146\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/515\/2016\/08\/25180418\/Moldy_nectarines.jpg\" alt=\"a bowl of moldy nectarines\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-OTBhNTg3YzIzNDdjMmUyZTY1YmYxNDM1M2I5NWY1ZmI.-htw\">Silver and ordinary table salt are two examples of chemical <strong>substances<\/strong>. A substance is matter that has a uniform and definite composition. All samples of substances, sometimes called pure substances, have identical properties. When chemists run a chemical reaction, they want to use pure materials so they know exactly what they are dealing with. They know that the reaction involves a specific substance, so they expect the same reaction to give the same results each time it is run.<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-3147\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/515\/2016\/08\/25180525\/Aspirine_macro_shot-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"aspirin tablets\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne of the characteristics of a substance is that it cannot be separated into components by physical separation techniques. The <strong>compound <\/strong>acetylsalicylic acid (the active ingredient in aspirin) is a substance because it is a chemical compound that cannot be further reduced to other materials by physical means. However, the aspirin that contains the acetylsalicylic acid is a mixture. In addition to the active pain-relieving ingredient, aspirin also may contain waxes, corn starch, and cellulose, among other ingredients. These added materials bind the tablet components into a solid pill and influence how rapidly the material dissolves.\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZGI3MDRlNGI2ODAxNTZkZGJlYjIxNTM0ZmIyNGM3Mzg.-met\">Substances may be either <strong>elements <\/strong>or pure compounds. They may also be solid, liquid, or gas. Some of the elements (such as silver) exist in the solid form. Other elements (mercury) exist as liquids at room temperature. Elements such as helium and radon exist as gases at room temperature. A compound such as water will take the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas, depending upon the temperature.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-Zjg4M2YyNDZiMTc3ZGU3YjFkZTljMTkwN2E1NGE2YmE.-unc\">\r\n \t<li>A substance is a pure material with a uniform and definite composition.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A substance cannot be separated into components using physical means.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A substance can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas, depending on the temperature.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2JlMjQ5M2YzMTNmNmRjMzNmZTI0MTMzYzcwM2IzZmY.-8gt\">Use the link below to answer the following questions:<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ivyroses.com\/Chemistry\/GCSE\/What-is-a-substance.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ivyroses.com\/Chemistry\/GCSE\/What-is-a-substance.php<\/a>\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-ZDY1MzBhZGJlOWVmMGM4YTczNzFlNmJhYjgyNTViZTg.-3vh\">\r\n \t<li>Is a solution a substance?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Why is water listed as a substance?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If neon were frozen into the solid state, would it still be a substance?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-OTRkYWJmOWU1NjVlOGVmY2I4MTY4MDI5ZDUzZmY1Y2M.-gjg\">\r\n \t<li>Define substance.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Can salt be a substance?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is aspirin a substance?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MjcyNjBjNDg1OGJjZjkxMzI1Y2NiNGRlMGM3N2Q4ZTI.-s5j\">\r\n \t<li><strong>compound: <\/strong>Made up of multiple elements.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>element: <\/strong>A substance that cannot be separated into smaller pieces. Defined by how many protons it has.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>substance: <\/strong>Matter that has a uniform and definite composition.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Define substance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3><strong>Have you ever had the experience of opening the refrigerator and seeing something you don\u2019t recognize?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZDQyMDgxZGZlMGEwZTk2NGZjN2MzNmEyZjZmMmIzMWM.-wt5\">Not an unfamiliar food, but something that has changed over the time period it was in the refrigerator. You are not sure just what it is, so you call it \u201cstuff.\u201d Looking at it, you know it\u2019s not a good idea to eat it, so you throw it out. If you\u2019re not sure just what it is, you certainly don\u2019t want to put it in your body.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3146\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/515\/2016\/08\/25180418\/Moldy_nectarines.jpg\" alt=\"a bowl of moldy nectarines\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-OTBhNTg3YzIzNDdjMmUyZTY1YmYxNDM1M2I5NWY1ZmI.-htw\">Silver and ordinary table salt are two examples of chemical <strong>substances<\/strong>. A substance is matter that has a uniform and definite composition. All samples of substances, sometimes called pure substances, have identical properties. When chemists run a chemical reaction, they want to use pure materials so they know exactly what they are dealing with. They know that the reaction involves a specific substance, so they expect the same reaction to give the same results each time it is run.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3147\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/515\/2016\/08\/25180525\/Aspirine_macro_shot-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"aspirin tablets\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>One of the characteristics of a substance is that it cannot be separated into components by physical separation techniques. The <strong>compound <\/strong>acetylsalicylic acid (the active ingredient in aspirin) is a substance because it is a chemical compound that cannot be further reduced to other materials by physical means. However, the aspirin that contains the acetylsalicylic acid is a mixture. In addition to the active pain-relieving ingredient, aspirin also may contain waxes, corn starch, and cellulose, among other ingredients. These added materials bind the tablet components into a solid pill and influence how rapidly the material dissolves.<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZGI3MDRlNGI2ODAxNTZkZGJlYjIxNTM0ZmIyNGM3Mzg.-met\">Substances may be either <strong>elements <\/strong>or pure compounds. They may also be solid, liquid, or gas. Some of the elements (such as silver) exist in the solid form. Other elements (mercury) exist as liquids at room temperature. Elements such as helium and radon exist as gases at room temperature. A compound such as water will take the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas, depending upon the temperature.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-Zjg4M2YyNDZiMTc3ZGU3YjFkZTljMTkwN2E1NGE2YmE.-unc\">\n<li>A substance is a pure material with a uniform and definite composition.<\/li>\n<li>A substance cannot be separated into components using physical means.<\/li>\n<li>A substance can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas, depending on the temperature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2JlMjQ5M2YzMTNmNmRjMzNmZTI0MTMzYzcwM2IzZmY.-8gt\">Use the link below to answer the following questions:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ivyroses.com\/Chemistry\/GCSE\/What-is-a-substance.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ivyroses.com\/Chemistry\/GCSE\/What-is-a-substance.php<\/a><\/p>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-ZDY1MzBhZGJlOWVmMGM4YTczNzFlNmJhYjgyNTViZTg.-3vh\">\n<li>Is a solution a substance?<\/li>\n<li>Why is water listed as a substance?<\/li>\n<li>If neon were frozen into the solid state, would it still be a substance?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-OTRkYWJmOWU1NjVlOGVmY2I4MTY4MDI5ZDUzZmY1Y2M.-gjg\">\n<li>Define substance.<\/li>\n<li>Can salt be a substance?<\/li>\n<li>Is aspirin a substance?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MjcyNjBjNDg1OGJjZjkxMzI1Y2NiNGRlMGM3N2Q4ZTI.-s5j\">\n<li><strong>compound: <\/strong>Made up of multiple elements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>element: <\/strong>A substance that cannot be separated into smaller pieces. Defined by how many protons it has.<\/li>\n<li><strong>substance: <\/strong>Matter that has a uniform and definite composition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2510\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chemistry Concepts Intermediate. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Calbreath, Baxter, et al.. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: CK12.org. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\">http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Moldy nectarines. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Roger McLassus 1951. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Moldy_nectarines.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Moldy_nectarines.jpg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Aspirine macro shot. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Sauligno. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Aspirine_macro_shot.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Aspirine_macro_shot.jpg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":1507,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Chemistry Concepts Intermediate\",\"author\":\"Calbreath, Baxter, et al.\",\"organization\":\"CK12.org\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Moldy nectarines\",\"author\":\"Roger McLassus 1951\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Moldy_nectarines.jpg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Aspirine macro shot\",\"author\":\"Sauligno\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Aspirine_macro_shot.jpg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2510","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2324,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1507"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3579,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2510\/revisions\/3579"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2324"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2510\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2510"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2510"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}