{"id":2668,"date":"2016-08-24T15:21:05","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T15:21:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2668"},"modified":"2017-08-28T22:04:34","modified_gmt":"2017-08-28T22:04:34","slug":"heat","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/chapter\/heat\/","title":{"raw":"Heat","rendered":"Heat"},"content":{"raw":"<h1 id=\"x-ck12-VGhlcm1vY2hlbWlzdHJ5-chapter\">Thermochemistry<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"x-ck12-data\">Define heat.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"x-ck12-data\">Define thermochemistry.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-objectives\"><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZWM0MDEyNzBmZWEzNWNmZmNmMjgwMmI4MTIzNDZlOGQ.-dzr\"><span class=\"x-ck12-img-inline\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212555\/20140811155646428679.jpeg\" alt=\"Heat is needed to make an iron bar malleable\" width=\"250\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NTUxZWZjMDU4N2EyNGY4ZTFkYjVjMDhjZmY1OGViNDY.-axq\"><strong>\u201cUnder the spreading chestnut tree ...\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MTZlOTc1Y2QxMTcxN2VlNDE4M2ViYTQ3NzYxZmZhNDU.-en2\">Iron is a rigid, solid metal. At room temperature, it is extremely difficult to bend iron. However, when heated to a high enough temperature, iron can be easily worked. The heat energy in the forge is transferred to the metal, making the iron atoms vibrate more and move around more readily.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Heat<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZjM0ZWZjMmI5NjRmOWQyZjBiODMxNDcyMjg4MjY2NDA.-4gf\"><strong>Heat <\/strong>is energy that is transferred from one object or substance to another because of a difference in temperature between them. Heat always flows from an object at a higher temperature to an object a lower temperature (see <strong>Figure <\/strong>below ). The flow of heat will continue until the two objects are at the same temperature.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"x-ck12-M2E5NjEwYzhlMmY4NDQ0ZDg4MmRlYmE2OGViZWVjMTk.-z5r\" class=\"x-ck12-img-postcard x-ck12-nofloat\">\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-bhx\"><img id=\"x-ck12-OTgwNDUtMTM2NTQ4NTgzMC05Mi0xNi01LjEuMi4y\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212556\/20140811155646580538.png\" alt=\"Heat flows from a warm object to a cold object\" longdesc=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-admin\/Object%20A%20starts%20with%20a%20higher%20temperature%20than%20object%20B.%20No%20heat%20flows%20when%20the%20objects%20are%20isolated%20from%20each%20other.%20When%20brought%20into%20contact%2C%20heat%20flows%20from%20A%20to%20B%20until%20the%20temperatures%20of%20the%20two%20objects%20are%20the%20same.\" \/><\/p>\r\n<strong>Figure 17.3<\/strong>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MGM0OGYwMzU4Mzc4OWY5NGY1YmFmZmU5YWJiMDQyOWI.-4qf\">Object A starts with a higher temperature than object B. No heat flows when the objects are isolated from each other. When brought into contact, heat flows from A to B until the temperatures of the two objects are the same.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MDVhMmVhNTY3NmVmNjQ3NDZjMDU5MjUwMzQ0OWNiY2E.-rpe\"><strong>Thermochemistry <\/strong>is the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state.\u00a0 When chemical reactions occur, some chemical bonds are broken, while new chemical bonds form. As a result of the rearrangement of atoms, the total chemical potential energy of the system either increases or decreases.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Summary<\/h4>\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YzYyNDVlMDNmNmJjMWU0NmEyZDMwOTE3ZmQxMTdiOTY.-y7p\">\r\n \t<li>Heat is transferred energy from a site of higher energy to a site of lower energy.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Practice<\/h4>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NmNlM2JkYzM5ZTU0NDcyNTAzOGUwZTg3Yjc3MWRiMWU.-1n9\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Questions<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2JlMjQ5M2YzMTNmNmRjMzNmZTI0MTMzYzcwM2IzZmY.-75m\">Use the link below to answer the following questions:<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NjFkMWFjOGI3NTRlMGFlNGJmZDY0MmUyM2U1MjNhZDU.-lwj\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbase\/thermo\/heat.html\">http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbase\/thermo\/heat.html<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-MGUyOTk0OThjZWI2NmM3OWM0MDFiMmNmZDg0NWI0YzE.-whm\">\r\n \t<li>What is the correct term for the \u201cheat\u201d an object possesses?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How do we increase the internal energy of an object?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is the internal energy a result of?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h4>Review<\/h4>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NmNlM2JkYzM5ZTU0NDcyNTAzOGUwZTg3Yjc3MWRiMWU.-lqe\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Questions<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-ZWIzZmQ5ZmJkMTk2ODU4YmRjZDQ5ZDM5YmZhMzU3N2E.-o4v\">\r\n \t<li>What is heat?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In which direction does heat flow?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What does thermochemistry involve?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Glossary<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YTQ3Y2Q5MWViMDQ5MjExZTdiY2NjZmY0YmMwODA2ZDY.-dp6\">\r\n \t<li><strong>heat: <\/strong>Energy that is transferred from one object or substance to another because of a difference in temperature between them.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>thermochemistry: <\/strong>The study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"836080\"]Show References[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"836080\"]\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Gemma Stiles. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gemmastiles\/6927436488\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gemmastiles\/6927436488\/ <\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>CK-12 Foundation - Christopher Auyeung.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]","rendered":"<h1 id=\"x-ck12-VGhlcm1vY2hlbWlzdHJ5-chapter\">Thermochemistry<\/h1>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data\">\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"x-ck12-data\">Define heat.<\/li>\n<li class=\"x-ck12-data\">Define thermochemistry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-objectives\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZWM0MDEyNzBmZWEzNWNmZmNmMjgwMmI4MTIzNDZlOGQ.-dzr\"><span class=\"x-ck12-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212555\/20140811155646428679.jpeg\" alt=\"Heat is needed to make an iron bar malleable\" width=\"250\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NTUxZWZjMDU4N2EyNGY4ZTFkYjVjMDhjZmY1OGViNDY.-axq\"><strong>\u201cUnder the spreading chestnut tree &#8230;\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MTZlOTc1Y2QxMTcxN2VlNDE4M2ViYTQ3NzYxZmZhNDU.-en2\">Iron is a rigid, solid metal. At room temperature, it is extremely difficult to bend iron. However, when heated to a high enough temperature, iron can be easily worked. The heat energy in the forge is transferred to the metal, making the iron atoms vibrate more and move around more readily.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Heat<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZjM0ZWZjMmI5NjRmOWQyZjBiODMxNDcyMjg4MjY2NDA.-4gf\"><strong>Heat <\/strong>is energy that is transferred from one object or substance to another because of a difference in temperature between them. Heat always flows from an object at a higher temperature to an object a lower temperature (see <strong>Figure <\/strong>below ). The flow of heat will continue until the two objects are at the same temperature.<\/p>\n<div id=\"x-ck12-M2E5NjEwYzhlMmY4NDQ0ZDg4MmRlYmE2OGViZWVjMTk.-z5r\" class=\"x-ck12-img-postcard x-ck12-nofloat\">\n<p id=\"x-ck12-bhx\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"x-ck12-OTgwNDUtMTM2NTQ4NTgzMC05Mi0xNi01LjEuMi4y\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212556\/20140811155646580538.png\" alt=\"Heat flows from a warm object to a cold object\" longdesc=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-admin\/Object%20A%20starts%20with%20a%20higher%20temperature%20than%20object%20B.%20No%20heat%20flows%20when%20the%20objects%20are%20isolated%20from%20each%20other.%20When%20brought%20into%20contact%2C%20heat%20flows%20from%20A%20to%20B%20until%20the%20temperatures%20of%20the%20two%20objects%20are%20the%20same.\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 17.3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MGM0OGYwMzU4Mzc4OWY5NGY1YmFmZmU5YWJiMDQyOWI.-4qf\">Object A starts with a higher temperature than object B. No heat flows when the objects are isolated from each other. When brought into contact, heat flows from A to B until the temperatures of the two objects are the same.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MDVhMmVhNTY3NmVmNjQ3NDZjMDU5MjUwMzQ0OWNiY2E.-rpe\"><strong>Thermochemistry <\/strong>is the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state.\u00a0 When chemical reactions occur, some chemical bonds are broken, while new chemical bonds form. As a result of the rearrangement of atoms, the total chemical potential energy of the system either increases or decreases.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<h4>Summary<\/h4>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YzYyNDVlMDNmNmJjMWU0NmEyZDMwOTE3ZmQxMTdiOTY.-y7p\">\n<li>Heat is transferred energy from a site of higher energy to a site of lower energy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<h4>Practice<\/h4>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NmNlM2JkYzM5ZTU0NDcyNTAzOGUwZTg3Yjc3MWRiMWU.-1n9\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Questions<\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2JlMjQ5M2YzMTNmNmRjMzNmZTI0MTMzYzcwM2IzZmY.-75m\">Use the link below to answer the following questions:<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NjFkMWFjOGI3NTRlMGFlNGJmZDY0MmUyM2U1MjNhZDU.-lwj\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbase\/thermo\/heat.html\">http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbase\/thermo\/heat.html<\/a><\/p>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-MGUyOTk0OThjZWI2NmM3OWM0MDFiMmNmZDg0NWI0YzE.-whm\">\n<li>What is the correct term for the \u201cheat\u201d an object possesses?<\/li>\n<li>How do we increase the internal energy of an object?<\/li>\n<li>What is the internal energy a result of?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Review<\/h4>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NmNlM2JkYzM5ZTU0NDcyNTAzOGUwZTg3Yjc3MWRiMWU.-lqe\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Questions<\/em><\/p>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-ZWIzZmQ5ZmJkMTk2ODU4YmRjZDQ5ZDM5YmZhMzU3N2E.-o4v\">\n<li>What is heat?<\/li>\n<li>In which direction does heat flow?<\/li>\n<li>What does thermochemistry involve?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Glossary<\/h3>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YTQ3Y2Q5MWViMDQ5MjExZTdiY2NjZmY0YmMwODA2ZDY.-dp6\">\n<li><strong>heat: <\/strong>Energy that is transferred from one object or substance to another because of a difference in temperature between them.<\/li>\n<li><strong>thermochemistry: <\/strong>The study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q836080\">Show References<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q836080\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Gemma Stiles. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gemmastiles\/6927436488\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gemmastiles\/6927436488\/ <\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>CK-12 Foundation &#8211; Christopher Auyeung.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1507,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2668","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2338,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1507"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3618,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2668\/revisions\/3618"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2338"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2668\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2668"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2668"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}