{"id":2726,"date":"2016-08-24T17:26:34","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T17:26:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2726"},"modified":"2016-08-26T18:44:08","modified_gmt":"2016-08-26T18:44:08","slug":"electrolytes-and-nonelectrolytes","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/chapter\/electrolytes-and-nonelectrolytes\/","title":{"raw":"Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes","rendered":"Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-objectives\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-Y2ZmZTBjMWM3OTQwZjQ3MjhhOWRiZmM4MGM1MjU5YzM.-e9u\">\r\n \t<li>Define electrolyte.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Define nonelectrolyte.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>List common electrolyets and nonelectrolytes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Why do runners worry about losing electrolytes?<\/h3>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212338\/20140811155540493355.jpeg\" alt=\"Two boys running. Excessive sweating can lead to electrolyte loss that can be life-threatening\" width=\"400\" height=\"338\" \/> Joggers by Tony Alter (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/78428166@N00\/7040515393\/\">Flickr: Tobyotter<\/a>).[\/caption]\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ODM2MzgxODRhZjRkMzI3MDY0N2M3MTVhNTZmMWY0YTU.-ram\">Millions of people in the world jog for exercise.\u00a0 For the most part, jogging can be a healthy way to stay fit.\u00a0 However, problems can also develop for those who jog in the heat.\u00a0 Excessive sweating can lead to electrolyte loss that could be life-threatening.\u00a0 Early symptoms of electrolyte deficiency can include nausea, fatugue, and dizziness.\u00a0 If not treated, individuals can experience muscle weakness and increased heart rate (which could lead to a heart attack).\u00a0 Many sports drinks can be consumed to restore electrolytes quickly in the body.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZWM3ZWZhMmZhNWJiOTBmNzU1NzBjNDlkNmQ5MWVmMDc.-kiy\">An <strong> electrolyte <\/strong> is a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or melted.\u00a0 In order to conduct a current, a substance must contain mobile ions that can move from one electrode to the other.\u00a0 All ionic compounds are electrolytes.\u00a0 When ionic compounds dissolve, they break apart into ions which are then able to conduct a current ( <strong> conductivity <\/strong> ).\u00a0 Even insoluble ionic compounds such as CaCO <sub> 3 <\/sub> are electrolytes because they can conduct a current in the molten (melted) state.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZGQ5OWE5NWUyY2YzYmE0NDQzOGQ1NzhhMWI2ZTE4ZjE.-thy\">A <strong> nonelectrolyte <\/strong> is a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state.\u00a0 Many molecular compounds, such as sugar or ethanol, are nonelectrolytes.\u00a0 When these compounds dissolve in water, they do not produce ions.\u00a0 The <strong> Figure <\/strong> below illustrates the difference between an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"x-ck12-ZTRjOGU5NGRmMzE3OTg3YTMwZGYyMjI5MmZhMzkyY2Q.-og0\" class=\"x-ck12-img-fullpage x-ck12-nofloat\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"512\"]<img id=\"x-ck12-OTgwNDUtMTM2MTkyNzk5MC0wMS03My1DLUludENoLTA0LTAzLTA3LUNvbmR1Y3Rpdml0eQ..\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212340\/20140811155540642199.png\" alt=\"Electrolytic solutions conduct electricity, while nonelectrolytic solutions do not\" width=\"512\" height=\"243\" longdesc=\"Conductivity%20apparatus.\" \/> Figure 1. Conductivity apparatus. From the CK-12 Foundation - Christopher Auyeung[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Roles of Electrolytes in the Body<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NzEyMjAzY2NmNTdmZmUyZmI5NDQ4N2QyMjIwNWVjNmU.-szg\">Several electrolytes play important roles in the body.\u00a0 Here are a few significant electrolytes:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-NzdjMDcyMGI0MTg0OTVlMTJmNDk3YjNlNDFjNDU5NDA.-l0c\">\r\n \t<li>calcium \u2013 in bone and teeth. Also important for muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve function.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>sodium \u2013 found outside the cell. Mainly involved in water balance as well as nerve signaling.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>potassium \u2013 major cation inside the cell. Important for proper functioning of heart, muscles, kidneys, and nerves.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>magnesium \u2013 in bone and cells. Involved in muscle, bone, nervous system, and takes part in many biochemical reactions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YzQ4YTA5MTYxZTQ5NjhjZDYyNTQzNTBkNjNlOTYzYzY.-trn\">\r\n \t<li>Electrolytes conduct electric current when in solution or melted.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nonelectrolytes do not conduct electric current when in solution or melted.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Some electrolytes play important roles in the body.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2JlMjQ5M2YzMTNmNmRjMzNmZTI0MTMzYzcwM2IzZmY.-ncf\">Use the link below to answer the following questions:<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MzMwNjI1NTY5NzRjMjBkMDU1NGMwYjJmOTA5MzgyMTg.-5an\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Pxegf2KKiuc\"> http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Pxegf2KKiuc <\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-MThlNzg2OTM2NjhkMjAwZjFjOWIwOGFlYzkzN2ExYjk.-u7v\">\r\n \t<li>How did the instructor test for the presence of electrolytes?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is distilled water an electrolyte?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is a solution of salt an electrolyte<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is sugar an electrolyte?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is vinegar an electrolyte?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-NzIxMmQ0MmNkOTY1MDRjZmFkMTUzYzc4MDFlYWY3YmU.-sbt\">\r\n \t<li>What is an electrolyte?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is a nonelectrolyte?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Give two examples of electrolytes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Give two examples of nonelectrolytes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">\u00a0Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NDk5ODE2NDljNmI5Zjg1ODQ4NDU2ODYzYjJlN2RjOTg.-onk\">\r\n \t<li><strong> electrolyte: <\/strong> A compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or melted.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong> nonelectrolyte: <\/strong> A compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong> conductivity: <\/strong> The ability to form an electric current.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-objectives\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-Y2ZmZTBjMWM3OTQwZjQ3MjhhOWRiZmM4MGM1MjU5YzM.-e9u\">\n<li>Define electrolyte.<\/li>\n<li>Define nonelectrolyte.<\/li>\n<li>List common electrolyets and nonelectrolytes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Why do runners worry about losing electrolytes?<\/h3>\n<div style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212338\/20140811155540493355.jpeg\" alt=\"Two boys running. Excessive sweating can lead to electrolyte loss that can be life-threatening\" width=\"400\" height=\"338\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joggers by Tony Alter (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/78428166@N00\/7040515393\/\">Flickr: Tobyotter<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ODM2MzgxODRhZjRkMzI3MDY0N2M3MTVhNTZmMWY0YTU.-ram\">Millions of people in the world jog for exercise.\u00a0 For the most part, jogging can be a healthy way to stay fit.\u00a0 However, problems can also develop for those who jog in the heat.\u00a0 Excessive sweating can lead to electrolyte loss that could be life-threatening.\u00a0 Early symptoms of electrolyte deficiency can include nausea, fatugue, and dizziness.\u00a0 If not treated, individuals can experience muscle weakness and increased heart rate (which could lead to a heart attack).\u00a0 Many sports drinks can be consumed to restore electrolytes quickly in the body.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes<\/h2>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZWM3ZWZhMmZhNWJiOTBmNzU1NzBjNDlkNmQ5MWVmMDc.-kiy\">An <strong> electrolyte <\/strong> is a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or melted.\u00a0 In order to conduct a current, a substance must contain mobile ions that can move from one electrode to the other.\u00a0 All ionic compounds are electrolytes.\u00a0 When ionic compounds dissolve, they break apart into ions which are then able to conduct a current ( <strong> conductivity <\/strong> ).\u00a0 Even insoluble ionic compounds such as CaCO <sub> 3 <\/sub> are electrolytes because they can conduct a current in the molten (melted) state.<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZGQ5OWE5NWUyY2YzYmE0NDQzOGQ1NzhhMWI2ZTE4ZjE.-thy\">A <strong> nonelectrolyte <\/strong> is a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state.\u00a0 Many molecular compounds, such as sugar or ethanol, are nonelectrolytes.\u00a0 When these compounds dissolve in water, they do not produce ions.\u00a0 The <strong> Figure <\/strong> below illustrates the difference between an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte.<\/p>\n<div id=\"x-ck12-ZTRjOGU5NGRmMzE3OTg3YTMwZGYyMjI5MmZhMzkyY2Q.-og0\" class=\"x-ck12-img-fullpage x-ck12-nofloat\">\n<div style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"x-ck12-OTgwNDUtMTM2MTkyNzk5MC0wMS03My1DLUludENoLTA0LTAzLTA3LUNvbmR1Y3Rpdml0eQ..\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212340\/20140811155540642199.png\" alt=\"Electrolytic solutions conduct electricity, while nonelectrolytic solutions do not\" width=\"512\" height=\"243\" longdesc=\"Conductivity%20apparatus.\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. Conductivity apparatus. From the CK-12 Foundation &#8211; Christopher Auyeung<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Roles of Electrolytes in the Body<\/h2>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NzEyMjAzY2NmNTdmZmUyZmI5NDQ4N2QyMjIwNWVjNmU.-szg\">Several electrolytes play important roles in the body.\u00a0 Here are a few significant electrolytes:<\/p>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-NzdjMDcyMGI0MTg0OTVlMTJmNDk3YjNlNDFjNDU5NDA.-l0c\">\n<li>calcium \u2013 in bone and teeth. Also important for muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve function.<\/li>\n<li>sodium \u2013 found outside the cell. Mainly involved in water balance as well as nerve signaling.<\/li>\n<li>potassium \u2013 major cation inside the cell. Important for proper functioning of heart, muscles, kidneys, and nerves.<\/li>\n<li>magnesium \u2013 in bone and cells. Involved in muscle, bone, nervous system, and takes part in many biochemical reactions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YzQ4YTA5MTYxZTQ5NjhjZDYyNTQzNTBkNjNlOTYzYzY.-trn\">\n<li>Electrolytes conduct electric current when in solution or melted.<\/li>\n<li>Nonelectrolytes do not conduct electric current when in solution or melted.<\/li>\n<li>Some electrolytes play important roles in the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2JlMjQ5M2YzMTNmNmRjMzNmZTI0MTMzYzcwM2IzZmY.-ncf\">Use the link below to answer the following questions:<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MzMwNjI1NTY5NzRjMjBkMDU1NGMwYjJmOTA5MzgyMTg.-5an\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Pxegf2KKiuc\"> http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Pxegf2KKiuc <\/a><\/p>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-MThlNzg2OTM2NjhkMjAwZjFjOWIwOGFlYzkzN2ExYjk.-u7v\">\n<li>How did the instructor test for the presence of electrolytes?<\/li>\n<li>Is distilled water an electrolyte?<\/li>\n<li>Is a solution of salt an electrolyte<\/li>\n<li>Is sugar an electrolyte?<\/li>\n<li>Is vinegar an electrolyte?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-NzIxMmQ0MmNkOTY1MDRjZmFkMTUzYzc4MDFlYWY3YmU.-sbt\">\n<li>What is an electrolyte?<\/li>\n<li>What is a nonelectrolyte?<\/li>\n<li>Give two examples of electrolytes.<\/li>\n<li>Give two examples of nonelectrolytes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">\u00a0Glossary<\/h2>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NDk5ODE2NDljNmI5Zjg1ODQ4NDU2ODYzYjJlN2RjOTg.-onk\">\n<li><strong> electrolyte: <\/strong> A compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or melted.<\/li>\n<li><strong> nonelectrolyte: <\/strong> A compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state.<\/li>\n<li><strong> conductivity: <\/strong> The ability to form an electric current.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2726\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chemistry Concepts Intermediate. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Calbreath, Baxter, et al.. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: CK12.org. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\">http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Chemistry Concepts Intermediate\",\"author\":\"Calbreath, Baxter, et al.\",\"organization\":\"CK12.org\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2726","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2336,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2726\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3404,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2726\/revisions\/3404"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2336"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2726\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2726"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2726"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}