{"id":2742,"date":"2016-08-24T17:57:50","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T17:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2742"},"modified":"2016-08-24T21:22:48","modified_gmt":"2016-08-24T21:22:48","slug":"lechateliers-principle","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/chapter\/lechateliers-principle\/","title":{"raw":"LeCh\u00e2telier's Principle","rendered":"LeCh\u00e2telier&#8217;s Principle"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>State Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3><strong>How far down? <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NTVhNDA1MjA3OGRhMWRhMmFiOTNhMzQ1MWYzMTEzMjg.-vp7\">There are people who enjoy going up in an airplane, strapping on a parachute, and diving out the door to free-fall and then open the chute and drop to the ground. This stressful activity (so they say) relieves the stress of everyday life. The release of adrenaline caused by this stressful behavior is said to promote a mood enhancement that helps you deal better with other stresses in your daily life.<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212950\/20140811155756815222.jpeg\" alt=\"Skydiving adds stress like LeChatelier's principle\" width=\"359\" height=\"269\" \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s Principle<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MjVjOWU5NmY4OWFjZWVjNmYwZmYzMTE5Y2U5YmJjOTc.-qsj\">Chemical equilibrium was studied by French chemist Henri Le Ch\u00e2telier (1850\u20131936) and his description of how a system responds to a stress to equilibrium has become known as <strong> Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle<\/strong>: When a chemical system that is at equilibrium is disturbed by a stress, the system will respond in order to relieve the stress.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"186\"]<img id=\"x-ck12-OTgwNDUtMTM2NTE1MTgxMC02Ni00OC01LjMuNS4y\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212952\/20140811155756958296.jpeg\" alt=\"Henri LeChatelier postulated that a chemical system moves to release stress from the system\" width=\"186\" height=\"192\" longdesc=\"Henri%20Le%20Ch%C3%A2telier\" \/> Figure 1.\u00a0Henri Le Ch\u00e2telier[\/caption]\r\n\r\nStresses to a chemical system involve changes in the concentration of reactants or products, changes in the temperature of the system, or changes in the pressure of the system. We will discuss each of these stresses separately. The change to the equilibrium position in every case is either a favoring of the forward reaction or a favoring of the reverse reaction. When the forward reaction is favored, the concentrations of products increases, while the concentrations of reactants decreases. When the reverse reaction is favored, the concentrations of products decreases, while the concentrations of reactants increases.\r\n<table id=\"x-ck12-MTM2Njc4NjkyMDg5OQ..\" class=\"x-ck12-nofloat\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong> <span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Original Equilibrium <\/span> <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong> <span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Favored Reaction <\/span> <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong> <span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Result <\/span> <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img class=\"x-ck12-math\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212952\/c3fe6bf4b712be3d94cbee08da4d6fe0.png\" alt=\"A rightleftarrows B\" width=\"56\" height=\"13\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td>forward: <img class=\"x-ck12-math\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212848\/e78f9d6f7f862d083e5cc919f835deec.png\" alt=\"A rightarrow B\" width=\"56\" height=\"13\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td>[A] decreases; [B] increases<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img class=\"x-ck12-math\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212952\/c3fe6bf4b712be3d94cbee08da4d6fe0.png\" alt=\"A rightleftarrows B\" width=\"56\" height=\"13\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td>reverse: <img class=\"x-ck12-math\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212952\/9f0347f94a7e689b92c6b296b4ddc992.png\" alt=\"A leftarrow B\" width=\"56\" height=\"13\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZTkyN2Q5OTFjMTA3NTBjODZlMTY0ZWRhNzc0Y2Q5MGY.-hag\">[A] increases; [B] decreases<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NjJjNTVjNjI3OTcwNGI3OTI5MTM0ZjUwOWMzZjBiMTA.-lhw\">\r\n \t<li>Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle describes how a reaction system at equilibrium is influenced by stress.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NTlmODYyMmE2Y2IyMTY1ZWVjZjk4Yjk4MzY1NjdlZjU.-myi\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chemteam.info\/Equilibrium\/LeChatelier-Bio.html\" target=\"_blank\">Read Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s biography<\/a> and answer the following questions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-Mzg2ZjYwY2Y3MmU0ZTFkZjg4ZmUyM2RkZGMyYzkzZjk.-c5t\">\r\n \t<li>Who gave him his early training in math and chemistry?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What was his first area of investigation?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What was another area of interest?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When did he first propose his principle?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-YTY0NDVhYjhjMzQ5ODY4MjBlNGI5Y2Y4ZDEyNWU5ODM.-z3u\">\r\n \t<li>What does Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle state?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If the forward reaction is favored in the equilibrium, what will increase?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If the reverse reaction is favored in the equilibrium, what will increase?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NmRjMGVmOWE3NTkxOWIwYzc3Njg0MjllMGI0NDU3NDE.-zbw\">\r\n \t<li><strong> Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle: <\/strong> When a chemical system that is at equilibrium is disturbed by a stress, the system will respond in order to relieve the stress.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"836080\"]Show References[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"836080\"]\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Courtesy of the US Marine Corps. <a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:USMC-101116-M-3816G-001.jpg\">http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:USMC-101116-M-3816G-001.jpg <\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>. <a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lechatelier.jpg\">http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lechatelier.jpg <\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>State Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3><strong>How far down? <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NTVhNDA1MjA3OGRhMWRhMmFiOTNhMzQ1MWYzMTEzMjg.-vp7\">There are people who enjoy going up in an airplane, strapping on a parachute, and diving out the door to free-fall and then open the chute and drop to the ground. This stressful activity (so they say) relieves the stress of everyday life. The release of adrenaline caused by this stressful behavior is said to promote a mood enhancement that helps you deal better with other stresses in your daily life.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212950\/20140811155756815222.jpeg\" alt=\"Skydiving adds stress like LeChatelier's principle\" width=\"359\" height=\"269\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s Principle<\/h2>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MjVjOWU5NmY4OWFjZWVjNmYwZmYzMTE5Y2U5YmJjOTc.-qsj\">Chemical equilibrium was studied by French chemist Henri Le Ch\u00e2telier (1850\u20131936) and his description of how a system responds to a stress to equilibrium has become known as <strong> Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle<\/strong>: When a chemical system that is at equilibrium is disturbed by a stress, the system will respond in order to relieve the stress.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 196px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"x-ck12-OTgwNDUtMTM2NTE1MTgxMC02Ni00OC01LjMuNS4y\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212952\/20140811155756958296.jpeg\" alt=\"Henri LeChatelier postulated that a chemical system moves to release stress from the system\" width=\"186\" height=\"192\" longdesc=\"Henri%20Le%20Ch%C3%A2telier\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1.\u00a0Henri Le Ch\u00e2telier<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Stresses to a chemical system involve changes in the concentration of reactants or products, changes in the temperature of the system, or changes in the pressure of the system. We will discuss each of these stresses separately. The change to the equilibrium position in every case is either a favoring of the forward reaction or a favoring of the reverse reaction. When the forward reaction is favored, the concentrations of products increases, while the concentrations of reactants decreases. When the reverse reaction is favored, the concentrations of products decreases, while the concentrations of reactants increases.<\/p>\n<table id=\"x-ck12-MTM2Njc4NjkyMDg5OQ..\" class=\"x-ck12-nofloat\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong> <span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Original Equilibrium <\/span> <\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong> <span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Favored Reaction <\/span> <\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong> <span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Result <\/span> <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"x-ck12-math\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212952\/c3fe6bf4b712be3d94cbee08da4d6fe0.png\" alt=\"A rightleftarrows B\" width=\"56\" height=\"13\" \/><\/td>\n<td>forward: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"x-ck12-math\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212848\/e78f9d6f7f862d083e5cc919f835deec.png\" alt=\"A rightarrow B\" width=\"56\" height=\"13\" \/><\/td>\n<td>[A] decreases; [B] increases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"x-ck12-math\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212952\/c3fe6bf4b712be3d94cbee08da4d6fe0.png\" alt=\"A rightleftarrows B\" width=\"56\" height=\"13\" \/><\/td>\n<td>reverse: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"x-ck12-math\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212952\/9f0347f94a7e689b92c6b296b4ddc992.png\" alt=\"A leftarrow B\" width=\"56\" height=\"13\" \/><\/td>\n<td>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZTkyN2Q5OTFjMTA3NTBjODZlMTY0ZWRhNzc0Y2Q5MGY.-hag\">[A] increases; [B] decreases<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NjJjNTVjNjI3OTcwNGI3OTI5MTM0ZjUwOWMzZjBiMTA.-lhw\">\n<li>Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle describes how a reaction system at equilibrium is influenced by stress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NTlmODYyMmE2Y2IyMTY1ZWVjZjk4Yjk4MzY1NjdlZjU.-myi\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chemteam.info\/Equilibrium\/LeChatelier-Bio.html\" target=\"_blank\">Read Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s biography<\/a> and answer the following questions.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-Mzg2ZjYwY2Y3MmU0ZTFkZjg4ZmUyM2RkZGMyYzkzZjk.-c5t\">\n<li>Who gave him his early training in math and chemistry?<\/li>\n<li>What was his first area of investigation?<\/li>\n<li>What was another area of interest?<\/li>\n<li>When did he first propose his principle?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-YTY0NDVhYjhjMzQ5ODY4MjBlNGI5Y2Y4ZDEyNWU5ODM.-z3u\">\n<li>What does Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle state?<\/li>\n<li>If the forward reaction is favored in the equilibrium, what will increase?<\/li>\n<li>If the reverse reaction is favored in the equilibrium, what will increase?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NmRjMGVmOWE3NTkxOWIwYzc3Njg0MjllMGI0NDU3NDE.-zbw\">\n<li><strong> Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle: <\/strong> When a chemical system that is at equilibrium is disturbed by a stress, the system will respond in order to relieve the stress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q836080\">Show References<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q836080\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Courtesy of the US Marine Corps. <a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:USMC-101116-M-3816G-001.jpg\">http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:USMC-101116-M-3816G-001.jpg <\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>. <a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lechatelier.jpg\">http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lechatelier.jpg <\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2742","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2340,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3000,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2742\/revisions\/3000"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2340"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2742\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2742"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2742"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}