{"id":2893,"date":"2016-08-24T19:40:17","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T19:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2893"},"modified":"2016-08-26T18:49:11","modified_gmt":"2016-08-26T18:49:11","slug":"supersaturated-solutions","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/chapter\/supersaturated-solutions\/","title":{"raw":"Supersaturated Solutions","rendered":"Supersaturated Solutions"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-objectives\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NDcxNzdhNjkwY2U0MTY4NjQyMzFjZmNkZWZkZmY1MmI.-gyy\">\r\n \t<li>Describe the process of supersaturation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>How does a hot or a cold pack work?<\/h3>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212405\/20140811155606480352.jpeg\" alt=\"The crystallization of a supersaturated substance can generate or absorb heat for hot or cold packs\" width=\"400\" height=\"375\" \/> Soldier using a Hydro-Cool garment. From <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:USMC-20462.jpg\">Wikimedia<\/a>.[\/caption]\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZjJiNjdiN2MzMTgyMmEwZThhOWRhMWNmMWM2ZTAyZjc.-iyn\">In the picture above, a thermal pack is applied to the back. Small packs can be used either for heating or cooling, depending on the material used. A heat pack contains a supersaturated solution of material such as sodium acetate. The solution is clear until a small metal trigger is activated. The sodium acetate then crystallizes out of solution and generates heat in the process.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Supersaturated Solutions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NjI0YjljMjc1NTdiNDIxNDAxOTk5ZTMwZWZkZTlkODU.-xg5\">Watch the following video:<\/p>\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_NsX6EkqmsQ\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZDVhZTVkY2YyZWMzNDk1MTkxNmEzNTU2YzQ0NTExZDM.-0ie\">Some solutes, such as sodium acetate, do not recrystallize easily. Suppose an exactly saturated solution of sodium acetate is prepared at 50\u00b0C. As it cools back to room temperature, no crystals appear in the solution, even though the solubility of sodium acetate is lower at room temperature. A <strong> supersaturated solution <\/strong> is a solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved at a given temperature. The recrystallization of the excess dissolved solute in a supersaturated solution can be initiated by the addition of a tiny crystal of solute, called a seed crystal. The seed crystal provides a nucleation site on which the excess dissolved crystals can begin to grow. Recrystallization from a supersaturated solution is typically very fast.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MTE0OGQyYmJiMTYxMGUyZWYxMjQzYWMwMDg4YWIwZGE.-s7e\">\r\n \t<li>A supersaturated solution can recrystallize when a seed crystal is added to the solution.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MzNiNWI0OGU1ZGIxNTI1NTYwNTllODVlNWUxY2EwODM.-bcp\">Read the materials and watch the video at the link below, then answer the questions:<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZGRmMTJmODJjMWZkYWJhYzczODY5ZTUyNGI4ZGNiOWY.-tlw\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Handwarmer-crystallisation.ogv\"> http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Handwarmer-crystallisation.ogv <\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-MDViMmRlZWI1NjJiODVmMWEwMDlhYjg3ZjI3Y2FiZmE.-1b7\">\r\n \t<li>Name a compound that can form supersaturated solutions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is the recrystallization process fast or slow?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What else happened when recrystallization took place?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-MjZlY2IxMjVkODg2OWMxNzI0ZDcxNWY4ZjkxYTk2NWI.-re2\">\r\n \t<li>How do we know a solution is supersaturated?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How can we cause recrystallization of a supersaturated solution?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What does the seed crystal do?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NjNmMTBiMjdhZTQwMTRjNTZiYWYzMmE2M2JkMWZkNTc.-ebx\">\r\n \t<li><strong> supersaturated solution: <\/strong> A solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved at a given temperature.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-objectives\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NDcxNzdhNjkwY2U0MTY4NjQyMzFjZmNkZWZkZmY1MmI.-gyy\">\n<li>Describe the process of supersaturation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>How does a hot or a cold pack work?<\/h3>\n<div style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212405\/20140811155606480352.jpeg\" alt=\"The crystallization of a supersaturated substance can generate or absorb heat for hot or cold packs\" width=\"400\" height=\"375\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soldier using a Hydro-Cool garment. From <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:USMC-20462.jpg\">Wikimedia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZjJiNjdiN2MzMTgyMmEwZThhOWRhMWNmMWM2ZTAyZjc.-iyn\">In the picture above, a thermal pack is applied to the back. Small packs can be used either for heating or cooling, depending on the material used. A heat pack contains a supersaturated solution of material such as sodium acetate. The solution is clear until a small metal trigger is activated. The sodium acetate then crystallizes out of solution and generates heat in the process.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Supersaturated Solutions<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NjI0YjljMjc1NTdiNDIxNDAxOTk5ZTMwZWZkZTlkODU.-xg5\">Watch the following video:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_NsX6EkqmsQ\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZDVhZTVkY2YyZWMzNDk1MTkxNmEzNTU2YzQ0NTExZDM.-0ie\">Some solutes, such as sodium acetate, do not recrystallize easily. Suppose an exactly saturated solution of sodium acetate is prepared at 50\u00b0C. As it cools back to room temperature, no crystals appear in the solution, even though the solubility of sodium acetate is lower at room temperature. A <strong> supersaturated solution <\/strong> is a solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved at a given temperature. The recrystallization of the excess dissolved solute in a supersaturated solution can be initiated by the addition of a tiny crystal of solute, called a seed crystal. The seed crystal provides a nucleation site on which the excess dissolved crystals can begin to grow. Recrystallization from a supersaturated solution is typically very fast.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MTE0OGQyYmJiMTYxMGUyZWYxMjQzYWMwMDg4YWIwZGE.-s7e\">\n<li>A supersaturated solution can recrystallize when a seed crystal is added to the solution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MzNiNWI0OGU1ZGIxNTI1NTYwNTllODVlNWUxY2EwODM.-bcp\">Read the materials and watch the video at the link below, then answer the questions:<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZGRmMTJmODJjMWZkYWJhYzczODY5ZTUyNGI4ZGNiOWY.-tlw\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Handwarmer-crystallisation.ogv\"> http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Handwarmer-crystallisation.ogv <\/a><\/p>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-MDViMmRlZWI1NjJiODVmMWEwMDlhYjg3ZjI3Y2FiZmE.-1b7\">\n<li>Name a compound that can form supersaturated solutions.<\/li>\n<li>Is the recrystallization process fast or slow?<\/li>\n<li>What else happened when recrystallization took place?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-MjZlY2IxMjVkODg2OWMxNzI0ZDcxNWY4ZjkxYTk2NWI.-re2\">\n<li>How do we know a solution is supersaturated?<\/li>\n<li>How can we cause recrystallization of a supersaturated solution?<\/li>\n<li>What does the seed crystal do?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-NjNmMTBiMjdhZTQwMTRjNTZiYWYzMmE2M2JkMWZkNTc.-ebx\">\n<li><strong> supersaturated solution: <\/strong> A solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved at a given temperature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2893\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chemistry Concepts Intermediate. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Calbreath, Baxter, et al.. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: CK12.org. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\">http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Instant Heat Pack - How it Works. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: instantheattherapy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_NsX6EkqmsQ\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_NsX6EkqmsQ<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Instant Heat Pack - How it Works\",\"author\":\"instantheattherapy\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_NsX6EkqmsQ\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Chemistry Concepts Intermediate\",\"author\":\"Calbreath, Baxter, et al.\",\"organization\":\"CK12.org\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2893","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2337,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3412,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2893\/revisions\/3412"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2337"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2893\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2893"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2893"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}