{"id":2902,"date":"2016-08-24T19:42:32","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T19:42:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2902"},"modified":"2016-08-26T18:51:02","modified_gmt":"2016-08-26T18:51:02","slug":"molarity","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/chapter\/molarity\/","title":{"raw":"Molarity","rendered":"Molarity"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-objectives\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YjVmMTc4Njk4MWNlZDU2MmZiZDBjOGVhYzU1YjIxYzA.-65g\">\r\n \t<li>Define molarity.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Perform calculations involving molarity.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>How many molecules can be found in a reaction?<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZWNhMTdkZDcxZWI1ODAxYTFiZjE2ZTVlY2QxZTZjMmI.-67z\">Chemists deal with amounts of molecules every day. Our reactions are described as so many molecules of compound A reacting with so many molecules of compound B to form so many molecules of compound C. When we determine how much reagent to use, we need to know the number of molecules in a given volume of the reagent. Percent solutions only tell us the number of grams, not molecules. A 100 mL solution of 2% NaCl will have a very different number of molecules than a 2% solution of CsCl. So we need another way to talk about numbers of molecules.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Molarity<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZTg1MmRkOTMyOTAyNDBkZTg1Y2MyYzllMjM0ZTQ3Mzk.-jry\">Chemists primarily need the concentration of solutions to be expressed in a way that accounts for the number of particles that react according to a particular chemical equation. Since percentage measurements are based on either mass or volume, they are generally not useful for chemical reactions. A concentration unit based on moles is preferable. The <strong> molarity (M) <\/strong> of a solution is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. To calculate the molarity of a solution, you divide the moles of solute by the volume of the solution expressed in liters.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-hdv\"><img id=\"x-ck12-MTM2NjcwNDkxNzQyMg..\" class=\"x-ck12-block-math aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212423\/fc59c12ccca3039f2e5ab44a4c539582.png\" alt=\"text{Molarity (M)}=frac{text{moles of solute}}{text{liters of solution}}=frac{text{mol}}{text{L}}\" width=\"313\" height=\"39\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NWFiNjczYTIxZGI0ZjliZGViODdjZGJlMDBmYThjNTc.-suc\">Note that the volume is in liters of solution and not liters of solvent. When a molarity is reported, the unit is the symbol M and is read as \u201cmolar\u201d. For example a solution labeled as 1.5 M NH <sub> 3 <\/sub> is read as \u201c1.5 molar ammonia solution\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sample Problem: Calculating Molarity<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NGFlNGUwMzNiYWQxNzRhZmM1ZWRiOGFmYzdkOTdiZGY.-xiv\">A solution is prepared by dissolving 42.23 g of NH <sub> 4 <\/sub> Cl into enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. Calculate its molarity.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2VlNGQ1OTZkZWQ3ZDY1MzMyNmI1ODhhNWUzY2Q3NmU.-np6\"><em> Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem. <\/em><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-q5o\"><img class=\"x-ck12-block-math aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212424\/af3f276f84c8d697bb551e5e5a6da271.png\" alt=\"&amp; underline{text{Known}} &amp;&amp;underline{text{Unknown}} \\&amp; text{mass}=42.23 text{g} NH_4Cl &amp;&amp; text{molarity}= ? text{ M}\\&amp; text{molar mass} NH_4Cl=53.50 text{g} \/ text{mol} \\&amp; text{volume solution}=500.0 text{mL}=0.5000 text{L}\" width=\"486\" height=\"94\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Yjc2MzI3ZGVmN2MyNjc1ZTU2ODFhZWM1ZWI4MjcxMDk.-hfg\">The mass of the ammonium chloride is first converted to moles. Then the molarity is calculated by dividing by liters. Note the given volume has been converted to liters.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZmYxNjkxNzA3ODcxNDhkYjhmZGUyOTFlNDk1NmEzZjE.-vlu\"><em> Step 2: Solve. <\/em><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-y69\"><img class=\"x-ck12-block-math aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212425\/708dd7498ecba84616d5d92652ef0217.png\" alt=\"42.23 text{ g } NH_4Cl times frac{1 text{ mol } NH_4Cl}{53.50 text{ g } NH_4Cl} &amp;= 0.7893 text{ mol } NH_4Cl\\frac{0.7893 text{ mol } NH_4Cl}{0.5000 text{ L}} &amp;= 1.579 text{ M}\" width=\"437\" height=\"85\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MGZhMzc5YjY2OWU0YzY0ZWM4YjYzZWNhYzc4OTQ3ZDA.-5ug\"><em> Step 3: Think about your result. <\/em><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-OGJhODY0OTAwZmM3M2ZhYTAxMTBmMjY2N2Y5OTc1YTE.-ndu\">The molarity is 1.579 M, meaning that a liter of the solution would contain 1.579 mol NH <sub> 4 <\/sub> Cl. Four significant figures are appropriate.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NGNjOGE4NDkzMjg0MzJlNWY3ODY2NzE4YTE4NjYwOWY.-kkm\">In a laboratory situation, a chemist must frequently prepare a given volume of solutions of a known molarity. The task is to calculate the mass of the solute that is necessary. The molarity equation can be rearranged to solve for moles, which can then be converted to grams. See sample problem 16.3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sample Problem:<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZmI3NmEzZmNkMGJkYWNlMzNhMmRiY2UwODM4ZDc4MTU.-qm8\">A chemist needs to prepare 3.00 L of a 0.250 M solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO <sub> 4 <\/sub> ). What mass of KMnO <sub> 4 <\/sub> does she need to make the solution?<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2VlNGQ1OTZkZWQ3ZDY1MzMyNmI1ODhhNWUzY2Q3NmU.-iuw\"><em> Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem. <\/em><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MmY1NjUwZTQ4NGZhMTk1OTQ5YWM2YzhkMTFkY2E0ZmQ.-2gh\"><span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Known <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MGMwOTdhYjI3MTRjYTY5NzRjMTU5N2QxNzQ5ZTdkNDQ.-5f2\">\r\n \t<li>molarity = 0.250 M<\/li>\r\n \t<li>volume = 3.00 L<\/li>\r\n \t<li>molar mass KMnO <sub> 4 <\/sub> = 158.04 g\/mol<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ODgxODNiOTQ2Y2M1ZjBlOGM5NmIyZTY2ZTFjNzRhN2U.-j3e\"><span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Unknown <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-M2JiM2UxMWM1NWNjZTZkMzFiOTYyMzU1OWI5MjI3NzY.-pq3\">\r\n \t<li>mass KMnO <sub> 4 <\/sub> = ? g<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MTdhNjUwNzVjZjQ5YjQxMmJjZTg4YzZkYTYwM2M2ODk.-gyv\">Moles of solute is calculated by multiplying molarity by liters. Then, moles is converted to grams.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZmYxNjkxNzA3ODcxNDhkYjhmZGUyOTFlNDk1NmEzZjE.-vlw\"><em> Step 2: Solve. <\/em><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-s3z\"><img id=\"x-ck12-MTM2NjcwNDkxNzQyMw..\" class=\"x-ck12-block-math aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212426\/aea0d2039ada0016d1647cd7c3e181fa.png\" alt=\"text{mol KMnO}_4 = 0.250 text{ M KMnO}_4 times 3.00 text{ L} &amp;= 0.750 text{ mol KMnO}_4\\0.750 text{ mol KMnO}_4 times frac{158.04 text{ g KMnO}_4}{1 text{ mol KMnO}_4} &amp;=119 text{ g KMnO}_4\" width=\"488\" height=\"66\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MGZhMzc5YjY2OWU0YzY0ZWM4YjYzZWNhYzc4OTQ3ZDA.-knt\"><em> Step 3: Think about your result. <\/em><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Njc1NzNmZTI2ODY5ZTZmMzcwYTY4YzUwNDczYmMwODE.-ps2\">When 119 g of potassium permanganate is dissolved into water to make 3.00 L of solution, the molarity is 0.250 M.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NDBhNTUyNDQ1NDE1YjAyYmZjZDQ1NTIyMmQwM2ZiZDA.-r9i\">Watch a video of molarity calculations:<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8oTqwBAvbnY\"> http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8oTqwBAvbnY <\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YzIzM2JkZTUwYWJhZmM3NWMzMjJjYjYwYzUzNGMxYzI.-sl1\">\r\n \t<li>Calculations using the concept of molarity are described.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NjVjZmE0ZDY4NmUzNWZkMGY1OTkxMjlhZDQ0NTc3MDY.-p5d\">Read the material and work the problems at the site below:<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MGZhNGViODZkMGI5YjBhNjUzMDA0ODI3MjAyMzNmNjE.-q87\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.occc.edu\/kmbailey\/Chem1115Tutorials\/Molarity.htm\"> http:\/\/www.occc.edu\/kmbailey\/Chem1115Tutorials\/Molarity.htm<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-NWE4N2MwNDk2NzBjODhjYWQyZGIzMjA3NDA2OTZjMDc.-bwh\">\r\n \t<li>What does M stand for?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What does molarity tell us that percent solution information does not tell us?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What do we need to know about a molecule in order to carry out molarity calculations?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-ZDk1ZjZkYTZhZmM2MTIzOGZhNTBjYjFiNWFjZDAwOTE.-zcg\">\r\n \t<li><strong> molarity (M): <\/strong> The number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-objectives\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YjVmMTc4Njk4MWNlZDU2MmZiZDBjOGVhYzU1YjIxYzA.-65g\">\n<li>Define molarity.<\/li>\n<li>Perform calculations involving molarity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>How many molecules can be found in a reaction?<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZWNhMTdkZDcxZWI1ODAxYTFiZjE2ZTVlY2QxZTZjMmI.-67z\">Chemists deal with amounts of molecules every day. Our reactions are described as so many molecules of compound A reacting with so many molecules of compound B to form so many molecules of compound C. When we determine how much reagent to use, we need to know the number of molecules in a given volume of the reagent. Percent solutions only tell us the number of grams, not molecules. A 100 mL solution of 2% NaCl will have a very different number of molecules than a 2% solution of CsCl. So we need another way to talk about numbers of molecules.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Molarity<\/h2>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZTg1MmRkOTMyOTAyNDBkZTg1Y2MyYzllMjM0ZTQ3Mzk.-jry\">Chemists primarily need the concentration of solutions to be expressed in a way that accounts for the number of particles that react according to a particular chemical equation. Since percentage measurements are based on either mass or volume, they are generally not useful for chemical reactions. A concentration unit based on moles is preferable. The <strong> molarity (M) <\/strong> of a solution is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. To calculate the molarity of a solution, you divide the moles of solute by the volume of the solution expressed in liters.<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-hdv\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"x-ck12-MTM2NjcwNDkxNzQyMg..\" class=\"x-ck12-block-math aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212423\/fc59c12ccca3039f2e5ab44a4c539582.png\" alt=\"text{Molarity (M)}=frac{text{moles of solute}}{text{liters of solution}}=frac{text{mol}}{text{L}}\" width=\"313\" height=\"39\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NWFiNjczYTIxZGI0ZjliZGViODdjZGJlMDBmYThjNTc.-suc\">Note that the volume is in liters of solution and not liters of solvent. When a molarity is reported, the unit is the symbol M and is read as \u201cmolar\u201d. For example a solution labeled as 1.5 M NH <sub> 3 <\/sub> is read as \u201c1.5 molar ammonia solution\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>Sample Problem: Calculating Molarity<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NGFlNGUwMzNiYWQxNzRhZmM1ZWRiOGFmYzdkOTdiZGY.-xiv\">A solution is prepared by dissolving 42.23 g of NH <sub> 4 <\/sub> Cl into enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. Calculate its molarity.<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2VlNGQ1OTZkZWQ3ZDY1MzMyNmI1ODhhNWUzY2Q3NmU.-np6\"><em> Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem. <\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-q5o\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"x-ck12-block-math aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212424\/af3f276f84c8d697bb551e5e5a6da271.png\" alt=\"&amp; underline{text{Known}} &amp;&amp;underline{text{Unknown}} \\&amp; text{mass}=42.23 text{g} NH_4Cl &amp;&amp; text{molarity}= ? text{ M}\\&amp; text{molar mass} NH_4Cl=53.50 text{g} \/ text{mol} \\&amp; text{volume solution}=500.0 text{mL}=0.5000 text{L}\" width=\"486\" height=\"94\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Yjc2MzI3ZGVmN2MyNjc1ZTU2ODFhZWM1ZWI4MjcxMDk.-hfg\">The mass of the ammonium chloride is first converted to moles. Then the molarity is calculated by dividing by liters. Note the given volume has been converted to liters.<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZmYxNjkxNzA3ODcxNDhkYjhmZGUyOTFlNDk1NmEzZjE.-vlu\"><em> Step 2: Solve. <\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-y69\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"x-ck12-block-math aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212425\/708dd7498ecba84616d5d92652ef0217.png\" alt=\"42.23 text{ g } NH_4Cl times frac{1 text{ mol } NH_4Cl}{53.50 text{ g } NH_4Cl} &amp;= 0.7893 text{ mol } NH_4Cl\\frac{0.7893 text{ mol } NH_4Cl}{0.5000 text{ L}} &amp;= 1.579 text{ M}\" width=\"437\" height=\"85\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MGZhMzc5YjY2OWU0YzY0ZWM4YjYzZWNhYzc4OTQ3ZDA.-5ug\"><em> Step 3: Think about your result. <\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-OGJhODY0OTAwZmM3M2ZhYTAxMTBmMjY2N2Y5OTc1YTE.-ndu\">The molarity is 1.579 M, meaning that a liter of the solution would contain 1.579 mol NH <sub> 4 <\/sub> Cl. Four significant figures are appropriate.<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NGNjOGE4NDkzMjg0MzJlNWY3ODY2NzE4YTE4NjYwOWY.-kkm\">In a laboratory situation, a chemist must frequently prepare a given volume of solutions of a known molarity. The task is to calculate the mass of the solute that is necessary. The molarity equation can be rearranged to solve for moles, which can then be converted to grams. See sample problem 16.3.<\/p>\n<h3>Sample Problem:<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZmI3NmEzZmNkMGJkYWNlMzNhMmRiY2UwODM4ZDc4MTU.-qm8\">A chemist needs to prepare 3.00 L of a 0.250 M solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO <sub> 4 <\/sub> ). What mass of KMnO <sub> 4 <\/sub> does she need to make the solution?<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Y2VlNGQ1OTZkZWQ3ZDY1MzMyNmI1ODhhNWUzY2Q3NmU.-iuw\"><em> Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem. <\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MmY1NjUwZTQ4NGZhMTk1OTQ5YWM2YzhkMTFkY2E0ZmQ.-2gh\"><span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Known <\/span><\/p>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MGMwOTdhYjI3MTRjYTY5NzRjMTU5N2QxNzQ5ZTdkNDQ.-5f2\">\n<li>molarity = 0.250 M<\/li>\n<li>volume = 3.00 L<\/li>\n<li>molar mass KMnO <sub> 4 <\/sub> = 158.04 g\/mol<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ODgxODNiOTQ2Y2M1ZjBlOGM5NmIyZTY2ZTFjNzRhN2U.-j3e\"><span class=\"x-ck12-underline\"> Unknown <\/span><\/p>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-M2JiM2UxMWM1NWNjZTZkMzFiOTYyMzU1OWI5MjI3NzY.-pq3\">\n<li>mass KMnO <sub> 4 <\/sub> = ? g<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MTdhNjUwNzVjZjQ5YjQxMmJjZTg4YzZkYTYwM2M2ODk.-gyv\">Moles of solute is calculated by multiplying molarity by liters. Then, moles is converted to grams.<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-ZmYxNjkxNzA3ODcxNDhkYjhmZGUyOTFlNDk1NmEzZjE.-vlw\"><em> Step 2: Solve. <\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-s3z\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"x-ck12-MTM2NjcwNDkxNzQyMw..\" class=\"x-ck12-block-math aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212426\/aea0d2039ada0016d1647cd7c3e181fa.png\" alt=\"text{mol KMnO}_4 = 0.250 text{ M KMnO}_4 times 3.00 text{ L} &amp;= 0.750 text{ mol KMnO}_4\\0.750 text{ mol KMnO}_4 times frac{158.04 text{ g KMnO}_4}{1 text{ mol KMnO}_4} &amp;=119 text{ g KMnO}_4\" width=\"488\" height=\"66\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MGZhMzc5YjY2OWU0YzY0ZWM4YjYzZWNhYzc4OTQ3ZDA.-knt\"><em> Step 3: Think about your result. <\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-Njc1NzNmZTI2ODY5ZTZmMzcwYTY4YzUwNDczYmMwODE.-ps2\">When 119 g of potassium permanganate is dissolved into water to make 3.00 L of solution, the molarity is 0.250 M.<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NDBhNTUyNDQ1NDE1YjAyYmZjZDQ1NTIyMmQwM2ZiZDA.-r9i\">Watch a video of molarity calculations:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8oTqwBAvbnY\"> http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8oTqwBAvbnY <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-YzIzM2JkZTUwYWJhZmM3NWMzMjJjYjYwYzUzNGMxYzI.-sl1\">\n<li>Calculations using the concept of molarity are described.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NjVjZmE0ZDY4NmUzNWZkMGY1OTkxMjlhZDQ0NTc3MDY.-p5d\">Read the material and work the problems at the site below:<\/p>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-MGZhNGViODZkMGI5YjBhNjUzMDA0ODI3MjAyMzNmNjE.-q87\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.occc.edu\/kmbailey\/Chem1115Tutorials\/Molarity.htm\"> http:\/\/www.occc.edu\/kmbailey\/Chem1115Tutorials\/Molarity.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-NWE4N2MwNDk2NzBjODhjYWQyZGIzMjA3NDA2OTZjMDc.-bwh\">\n<li>What does M stand for?<\/li>\n<li>What does molarity tell us that percent solution information does not tell us?<\/li>\n<li>What do we need to know about a molecule in order to carry out molarity calculations?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-ZDk1ZjZkYTZhZmM2MTIzOGZhNTBjYjFiNWFjZDAwOTE.-zcg\">\n<li><strong> molarity (M): <\/strong> The number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2902\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chemistry Concepts Intermediate. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Calbreath, Baxter, et al.. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: CK12.org. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\">http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>How to Calculate Molarity | Practice Problem #1 | Solution Chemistry | www.whitwellhigh.com. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Johnny Cantrell. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8oTqwBAvbnY\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8oTqwBAvbnY<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Chemistry Concepts Intermediate\",\"author\":\"Calbreath, Baxter, et al.\",\"organization\":\"CK12.org\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"How to Calculate Molarity | Practice Problem #1 | Solution Chemistry | www.whitwellhigh.com\",\"author\":\"Johnny Cantrell\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8oTqwBAvbnY\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube 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