{"id":3213,"date":"2016-08-25T19:23:43","date_gmt":"2016-08-25T19:23:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3213"},"modified":"2016-08-26T19:00:30","modified_gmt":"2016-08-26T19:00:30","slug":"collision-theory","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/chapter\/collision-theory\/","title":{"raw":"Collision Theory","rendered":"Collision Theory"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MjRmODFhMzBhNzgzZTgxNzJkMmJiNGYzNzY5YzczZDE.-ezh\">\r\n \t<li>Define collision theory.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Oops!<\/h3>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212817\/20140811155713373315.jpeg\" alt=\"Minivan with damaged back bumper. Only collisions at high speed will cause changes\" width=\"400\" height=\"326\" \/> Damaged minivan. User:IFCAR\/<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:IFCAR%27s-Caravan.jpg\">Wikipedia<\/a>.[\/caption]\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NmI4YWE3YzY5MzU2NDFlYjU2OTE2YTgxOWE0YmY0YTQ.-kcy\">Car damage can be very expensive, especially if the person hitting your car does not have insurance. Many people have had the experience of backing up while parallel parking and hearing that \u201cbump\u201d. Fortunately, there is often no damage because the cars were not going fast enough. But every once in a while there is a rearrangement of the body parts of a car when it is hit with sufficient speed. Then things need to be fixed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Collision Theory<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NTc3MDdkMWMxODI5ODRiMDdhODQ5ZmM4ZmFiN2RlYjU.-nae\">The behavior of the atoms, molecules, or ions that comprise the reactants is responsible for the rates of a given chemical reaction. <strong> Collision theory <\/strong> is a set of principles that states that the reacting particles can form products when they collide with one another provided those collisions have enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation. Particles that lack the necessary kinetic energy may collide, but the particles will simply bounce off one another unchanged. The figure below illustrates the difference. In the first collision, the particles bounce off one another and no rearrangement of atoms has occurred. The second collision occurs with greater kinetic energy, and so the bond between the two red atoms breaks. One red atom bonds with the other molecule as one product, while the single red atom is the other product. The first collision is called an <strong> ineffective collision <\/strong> , while the second collision is called an <strong> effective collision <\/strong> .<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"x-ck12-NDZmYjg1NmFkNGM3NzkyZjUzYTMzMmUzYjgyZjM3NWM.-kdh\" class=\"x-ck12-img-postcard x-ck12-nofloat\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img id=\"x-ck12-OTgwNDUtMTM2NDYyNzE0Ny0yMS04My0yLjI.\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212819\/20140811155713467464.png\" alt=\"Only effective collisions result in product formation\" width=\"500\" height=\"199\" longdesc=\"An%20ineffective%20collision%20%28A%29%20is%20one%20that%20does%20not%20result%20in%20product%20formation.%20An%20effective%20collision%20%28B%29%20is%20one%20in%20which%20chemical%20bonds%20are%20broken%20and%20a%20product%20is%20formed.\" \/> Figure 1. An ineffective collision (A) is one that does not result in product formation. An effective collision (B) is one in which chemical bonds are broken and a product is formed. Figure from the CK-12 Foundation - Christopher Auyeung.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MzdkM2E0MjI1YTUwY2I4Y2UxY2RhY2M3YmU1NzY1YjA.-e0l\">\r\n \t<li>Collision theory explains how materials can collide and become new materials.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"x-ck12-YmMzM2NmMmUyYzQ1NmUxNTQ2YTNmYjA2MWZlY2FkODA.-qgj\">Watch the video at the link below and answer the following questions:<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4n_hKAA87nM\">http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4n_hKAA87nM<\/a>\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-N2ZjN2Y5MTQxNmMzNGU4ODY3MTQ2N2IwY2Y3Mjc3ZGE.-i6w\">\r\n \t<li>What were the reactants?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What was the product?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What did the match do?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-NzA2YTNjMTA2ODI4OWRkYTg5MDMxY2U0ODRiYWQwYWM.-1nj\">\r\n \t<li>How does a chemical reaction occur?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are two requirements for collision to form a product?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Two molecules collide and then bounce off of one another. What kind of collision is that?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\r\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MjAwYTdjMWIwYzZiYzQ2ZTk2OWZlMjNlYjI4MjAzMzU.-u29\">\r\n \t<li><strong> collision theory: <\/strong> A set of principles that states that the reacting particles can form products when they collide with one another, provided those collisions have enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong> effective collision: <\/strong> Bonds break between atoms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong> ineffective collision: <\/strong> No rearrangement of atoms occurs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MjRmODFhMzBhNzgzZTgxNzJkMmJiNGYzNzY5YzczZDE.-ezh\">\n<li>Define collision theory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Oops!<\/h3>\n<div style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212817\/20140811155713373315.jpeg\" alt=\"Minivan with damaged back bumper. Only collisions at high speed will cause changes\" width=\"400\" height=\"326\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Damaged minivan. User:IFCAR\/<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:IFCAR%27s-Caravan.jpg\">Wikipedia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NmI4YWE3YzY5MzU2NDFlYjU2OTE2YTgxOWE0YmY0YTQ.-kcy\">Car damage can be very expensive, especially if the person hitting your car does not have insurance. Many people have had the experience of backing up while parallel parking and hearing that \u201cbump\u201d. Fortunately, there is often no damage because the cars were not going fast enough. But every once in a while there is a rearrangement of the body parts of a car when it is hit with sufficient speed. Then things need to be fixed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Collision Theory<\/h2>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-NTc3MDdkMWMxODI5ODRiMDdhODQ5ZmM4ZmFiN2RlYjU.-nae\">The behavior of the atoms, molecules, or ions that comprise the reactants is responsible for the rates of a given chemical reaction. <strong> Collision theory <\/strong> is a set of principles that states that the reacting particles can form products when they collide with one another provided those collisions have enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation. Particles that lack the necessary kinetic energy may collide, but the particles will simply bounce off one another unchanged. The figure below illustrates the difference. In the first collision, the particles bounce off one another and no rearrangement of atoms has occurred. The second collision occurs with greater kinetic energy, and so the bond between the two red atoms breaks. One red atom bonds with the other molecule as one product, while the single red atom is the other product. The first collision is called an <strong> ineffective collision <\/strong> , while the second collision is called an <strong> effective collision <\/strong> .<\/p>\n<div id=\"x-ck12-NDZmYjg1NmFkNGM3NzkyZjUzYTMzMmUzYjgyZjM3NWM.-kdh\" class=\"x-ck12-img-postcard x-ck12-nofloat\">\n<div style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"x-ck12-OTgwNDUtMTM2NDYyNzE0Ny0yMS04My0yLjI.\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2014\/08\/19212819\/20140811155713467464.png\" alt=\"Only effective collisions result in product formation\" width=\"500\" height=\"199\" longdesc=\"An%20ineffective%20collision%20%28A%29%20is%20one%20that%20does%20not%20result%20in%20product%20formation.%20An%20effective%20collision%20%28B%29%20is%20one%20in%20which%20chemical%20bonds%20are%20broken%20and%20a%20product%20is%20formed.\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. An ineffective collision (A) is one that does not result in product formation. An effective collision (B) is one in which chemical bonds are broken and a product is formed. Figure from the CK-12 Foundation &#8211; Christopher Auyeung.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MzdkM2E0MjI1YTUwY2I4Y2UxY2RhY2M3YmU1NzY1YjA.-e0l\">\n<li>Collision theory explains how materials can collide and become new materials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p id=\"x-ck12-YmMzM2NmMmUyYzQ1NmUxNTQ2YTNmYjA2MWZlY2FkODA.-qgj\">Watch the video at the link below and answer the following questions:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4n_hKAA87nM\">http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4n_hKAA87nM<\/a><\/p>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-N2ZjN2Y5MTQxNmMzNGU4ODY3MTQ2N2IwY2Y3Mjc3ZGE.-i6w\">\n<li>What were the reactants?<\/li>\n<li>What was the product?<\/li>\n<li>What did the match do?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"x-ck12-NzA2YTNjMTA2ODI4OWRkYTg5MDMxY2U0ODRiYWQwYWM.-1nj\">\n<li>How does a chemical reaction occur?<\/li>\n<li>What are two requirements for collision to form a product?<\/li>\n<li>Two molecules collide and then bounce off of one another. What kind of collision is that?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"x-ck12-data-problem-set\">Glossary<\/h2>\n<div class=\"x-ck12-data-vocabulary\">\n<ul id=\"x-ck12-MjAwYTdjMWIwYzZiYzQ2ZTk2OWZlMjNlYjI4MjAzMzU.-u29\">\n<li><strong> collision theory: <\/strong> A set of principles that states that the reacting particles can form products when they collide with one another, provided those collisions have enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation.<\/li>\n<li><strong> effective collision: <\/strong> Bonds break between atoms.<\/li>\n<li><strong> ineffective collision: <\/strong> No rearrangement of atoms occurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-3213\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chemistry Concepts Intermediate. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Calbreath, Baxter, et al.. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: CK12.org. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\">http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Chemistry Concepts Intermediate\",\"author\":\"Calbreath, Baxter, et al.\",\"organization\":\"CK12.org\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.ck12.org\/book\/CK-12-Chemistry-Concepts-Intermediate\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-3213","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2339,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3428,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3213\/revisions\/3428"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2339"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3213\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3213"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3213"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-cheminter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}