{"id":105,"date":"2015-09-28T20:21:50","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T20:21:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/spanish1oli\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=105"},"modified":"2015-10-10T20:50:04","modified_gmt":"2015-10-10T20:50:04","slug":"estructuras-gramaticales-el-verbo-ser-tiempo-presente","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/chapter\/estructuras-gramaticales-el-verbo-ser-tiempo-presente\/","title":{"raw":"El verbo ser (tiempo presente)","rendered":"El verbo ser (tiempo presente)"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe verb <span class=\"foreign\">ser<\/span> is one of the most common and useful verbs in the Spanish language.\r\n<table id=\"N118DE_bx\" class=\"conjugation labeled \">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>ser \u2013 to be (tiempo presente)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<table class=\"conjugation\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><\/th>\r\n<th><span class=\"foreign\">singular<\/span><\/th>\r\n<th><span class=\"foreign\">plural<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>first person<\/th>\r\n<td><a id=\"_i_0\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">yo<\/span> soy<\/td>\r\n<td><a id=\"_i_1\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">nosotros<\/span> somos<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>second person<\/th>\r\n<td><a id=\"_i_2\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">t\u00fa<\/span> eres<\/td>\r\n<td><a id=\"_i_3\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">vosotros<\/span> sois<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>third person<\/th>\r\n<td><a id=\"_i_4\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> es<\/td>\r\n<td><a id=\"_i_5\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> son<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThe verb form and the subject must always agree.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"I am a student.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S535.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Yo soy estudiante.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"We are professors.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S536.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Nosotros somos profesores.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Juan and Jose are young.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S537.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Juan y Jos\u00e9 son j\u00f3venes.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSince the verb form for each person is different, it is not always necessary to include the subject pronoun. In fact, it is extremely common to drop the pronoun, especially in first and second persons, both singular and plural. In your own speaking and writing, you should be aware of this and not insist on always including the pronoun. Dropping subject pronouns occurs in Spanish, which, as you can note, is a difference between Spanish and English.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"I\u2019m a student.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S538.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Soy estudiante.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"We are students.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S539.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Somos estudiantes.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAlso, it is important to note that Spanish doesn\u2019t have the equivalent of the English subject pronouns \"it.\" Thus, while in English you have to use the pronoun \"it\" followed by the verb, in Spanish you won\u2019t have any stated subject pronoun.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"It is true.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S540.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Es cierto.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"It is green.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S541.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Es verde.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>M\u00e1s sobre concordancia en oraciones con el verbo ser<\/h2>\r\nAs you learned, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify, and subjects and verbs agree. In the following sentences with the verb <span class=\"foreign\">ser<\/span>, take note of the agreement:\r\n\r\n<img title=\"guapo diagram\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p034.jpg\" alt=\"grammar diagram for el es guapo\" \/>\r\n\r\n<img title=\"altas diagram\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p035.jpg\" alt=\"grammar diagram for nosotros somos altas\" \/>\r\n\r\nIn example A (arrow 1), you can observe the agreement between the subject and the verb form. The subject pronoun <span class=\"foreign\">\u00e9l<\/span> is third person singular, so you will use the third person singular conjugation of <span class=\"foreign\">ser<\/span> : <span class=\"foreign\">es<\/span>. In example B (arrow 1), the subject pronoun <span class=\"foreign\">Nosotras<\/span> is first person plural; therefore, you will use the first person plural of the verb <span class=\"foreign\">ser<\/span>: <span class=\"foreign\">somos<\/span>.\r\n\r\nArrow number 2 points out the agreement that occurs between the subject and the adjective. In example A, <span class=\"foreign\">\u00e9l<\/span> is masculine singular, therefore the adjective must also be masculine singular (<span class=\"foreign\">guapo<\/span>). The subject in example B, <span class=\"foreign\">nosotras<\/span>, is feminine plural, thus the adjective must also be feminine plural (<span class=\"foreign\">altas<\/span>).\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Practice the vocabulary from this module using the Quizlet flashcards below. You can select \"Choose a Study Mode\" in the lower right\u00a0corner to study the terms in a variety of ways.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<iframe style=\"border: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/87712514\/flashcards\/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"410\"><\/iframe>\r\n<h2>Oraciones negativas<\/h2>\r\nSo far, all of the examples you have seen and heard in this lesson are positive statements. You also need to know how to make negative statements, which can be done by simply placing the word <span class=\"foreign\">no<\/span> immediately before the verb.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Juan is not tall.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S543.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Juan no es alto.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Maria and Carmen are not fat.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S544.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Mar\u00eda y Carmen no son gordas.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><\/h3>","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The verb <span class=\"foreign\">ser<\/span> is one of the most common and useful verbs in the Spanish language.<\/p>\n<table id=\"N118DE_bx\" class=\"conjugation labeled\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>ser \u2013 to be (tiempo presente)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<table class=\"conjugation\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"foreign\">singular<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"foreign\">plural<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>first person<\/th>\n<td><a id=\"_i_0\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">yo<\/span> soy<\/td>\n<td><a id=\"_i_1\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">nosotros<\/span> somos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>second person<\/th>\n<td><a id=\"_i_2\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">t\u00fa<\/span> eres<\/td>\n<td><a id=\"_i_3\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">vosotros<\/span> sois<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>third person<\/th>\n<td><a id=\"_i_4\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> es<\/td>\n<td><a id=\"_i_5\" class=\"pronunciation\" title=\"Click to listen\"><\/a><span class=\"pronouns\">ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> son<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The verb form and the subject must always agree.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"I am a student.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S535.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Yo soy estudiante.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"We are professors.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S536.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Nosotros somos profesores.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Juan and Jose are young.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S537.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Juan y Jos\u00e9 son j\u00f3venes.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Since the verb form for each person is different, it is not always necessary to include the subject pronoun. In fact, it is extremely common to drop the pronoun, especially in first and second persons, both singular and plural. In your own speaking and writing, you should be aware of this and not insist on always including the pronoun. Dropping subject pronouns occurs in Spanish, which, as you can note, is a difference between Spanish and English.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"I\u2019m a student.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S538.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Soy estudiante.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"We are students.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S539.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Somos estudiantes.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Also, it is important to note that Spanish doesn\u2019t have the equivalent of the English subject pronouns &#8220;it.&#8221; Thus, while in English you have to use the pronoun &#8220;it&#8221; followed by the verb, in Spanish you won\u2019t have any stated subject pronoun.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"It is true.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S540.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Es cierto.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"It is green.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S541.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Es verde.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u00e1s sobre concordancia en oraciones con el verbo ser<\/h2>\n<p>As you learned, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify, and subjects and verbs agree. In the following sentences with the verb <span class=\"foreign\">ser<\/span>, take note of the agreement:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"guapo diagram\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p034.jpg\" alt=\"grammar diagram for el es guapo\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"altas diagram\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p035.jpg\" alt=\"grammar diagram for nosotros somos altas\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In example A (arrow 1), you can observe the agreement between the subject and the verb form. The subject pronoun <span class=\"foreign\">\u00e9l<\/span> is third person singular, so you will use the third person singular conjugation of <span class=\"foreign\">ser<\/span> : <span class=\"foreign\">es<\/span>. In example B (arrow 1), the subject pronoun <span class=\"foreign\">Nosotras<\/span> is first person plural; therefore, you will use the first person plural of the verb <span class=\"foreign\">ser<\/span>: <span class=\"foreign\">somos<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Arrow number 2 points out the agreement that occurs between the subject and the adjective. In example A, <span class=\"foreign\">\u00e9l<\/span> is masculine singular, therefore the adjective must also be masculine singular (<span class=\"foreign\">guapo<\/span>). The subject in example B, <span class=\"foreign\">nosotras<\/span>, is feminine plural, thus the adjective must also be feminine plural (<span class=\"foreign\">altas<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Practice the vocabulary from this module using the Quizlet flashcards below. You can select &#8220;Choose a Study Mode&#8221; in the lower right\u00a0corner to study the terms in a variety of ways.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/87712514\/flashcards\/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"410\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Oraciones negativas<\/h2>\n<p>So far, all of the examples you have seen and heard in this lesson are positive statements. You also need to know how to make negative statements, which can be done by simply placing the word <span class=\"foreign\">no<\/span> immediately before the verb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Juan is not tall.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S543.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Juan no es alto.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Maria and Carmen are not fat.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S544.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Mar\u00eda y Carmen no son gordas.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-105\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Lesson 1 Estructuras gramaticales. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Open Learning Initiative. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Carnegie Mellon. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13\">https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Spanish1. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Ser flashcards. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Connie Sanders. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pierce College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/87712514\/flashcards\">https:\/\/quizlet.com\/87712514\/flashcards<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Lesson 1 Estructuras gramaticales\",\"author\":\"Open Learning Initiative\",\"organization\":\"Carnegie 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