{"id":552,"date":"2015-09-28T20:22:01","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T20:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/spanish1oli\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=552"},"modified":"2015-10-13T19:54:38","modified_gmt":"2015-10-13T19:54:38","slug":"estructuras-gramaticales-los-complementos-de-objeto-indirecto-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/chapter\/estructuras-gramaticales-los-complementos-de-objeto-indirecto-1\/","title":{"raw":"Los complementos de objeto indirecto","rendered":"Los complementos de objeto indirecto"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n\r\nYou will now be learning about indirect object pronouns, which sounds like a complicated grammatical term, but is actually a part of language that you are probably accustomed to using every day. We will be looking at indirect object pronouns as they are used with verbs of communicationverbs like <span class=\"translation\" title=\"to say\"><span class=\"foreign\">decir<\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"translation\" title=\"to ask\"><span class=\"foreign\">preguntar<\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"translation\" title=\"to explain\"><span class=\"foreign\">explicar<\/span><\/span>. As you can see, these verbs are often referred to as verbs of communication, because they involve an exchange of information, or communicate some kind of information. The indirect object pronoun indicates or refers to the person to whom one asks a question, tells a secret, or explains the homework. The indirect object pronoun stands for or takes the place of the person or people who receive the information or are asked a question. You can think of it as a short cut or a more economical way of speaking. Let's look at the indirect object pronouns and then some examples of how they are used.\r\n\r\n<strong>complementos de objeto indirecto<\/strong>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><\/th>\r\n<th>singular<\/th>\r\n<th>plural<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>1<sup>a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to me\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094a.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> me<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to us\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094d.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> nos<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>2<sup>a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to you\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> te<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to you\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094e.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> os<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>3<sup>a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to him\/her\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094c.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> le<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to them\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094f.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> les<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"dialog\">\r\n\r\n<audio src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S097.mp3\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio>\r\n<table class=\"dialog\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"name\">Roberto<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Does Pablo send you a lot of email?\">\u00bfPablo te manda mucho correo electr\u00f3nico?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"name\">Esmeralda<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"He never sends me e-mail, but he calls me a lot.\">Nunca me manda correo electr\u00f3nico, pero me llama mucho.<\/span>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"75\"]<img title=\"Me llama mucho.\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L7p031.jpg\" alt=\"A boy talks on a cell phone\" width=\"75\" height=\"100\" \/> Foto: Chen Hsin Yu CC BY-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"dialog\">\r\n\r\n<audio src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S098.mp3\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio>\r\n<table class=\"dialog\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"name\">Liliana<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"To whom do you write letters?\">\u00bfA qui\u00e9n le escribes cartas?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"name\">Mois\u00e9s<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"I write to my friends.\">Les escribo a mis amigos.<\/span>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"Les escribo a mis amigos.\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L7p028.jpg\" alt=\"A man writes letters in a park.\" width=\"100\" height=\"68\" \/> Foto: Skaaven CC BY-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"dialog\">\r\n\r\n<audio src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S100.mp3\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio>\r\n<table class=\"dialog\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"name\">Concepci\u00f3n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Do you speak to your daughter in English or Spanish?\">\u00bfT\u00fa le hablas a tu hija en ingl\u00e9s o espa\u00f1ol?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"name\">Arturo<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Generally I speak to her in Spanish, but sometimes I speak to her in English.\">Generalmente le hablo en espa\u00f1ol, pero a veces le hablo en ingl\u00e9s.<\/span>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"Generalmente le hablo en espa\u00f1ol\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L7p033.jpg\" alt=\"A man talking with his daughter\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/> Foto: bp6316 CC BY 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3><\/h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWhen you are using the third person indirect object pronouns <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> or <span class=\"foreign\">les<\/span>, you must specify about whom you are talking, which is why in the question <span class=\"foreign\">\u00bfLe explicas la gram\u00e1tica a Carlos?<\/span>, you have to say <span class=\"foreign\">a Carlos<\/span> at the end of the sentence; it serves to clarify whom the <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> represents. Once it is clear, you no longer have to keep repeating the name of the person. For instance, in the question <span class=\"foreign\">\u00bfT\u00fa le hablas a tu hija...?<\/span>, it is necessary to include <span class=\"foreign\">a tu hija<\/span>, otherwise the question would just ask do you speak \"to her,\" without the other person knowing who the \"her\" is. Since it has been made clear in the question, the person answering can just use <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span>, responding <span class=\"foreign\">S\u00ed, le hablo todos los d\u00edas<\/span>, and both persons having the conversation will understand that the <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> is referring back to the daughter. Once the <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> or <span class=\"foreign\">les<\/span> has been made clear, it is more common not to keep repeating the name. Constant repetition would sound stilted. If you were asked, \"Do you write letters to Alejandro,\" you would answer \"Yes,\" or \"Yes, I write to him,\" and not answer \"Yes, I write letters to Alejandro.\" While you don\u2019t continue to repeat the name, it is important that you always remember to indicate to whom the <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> or <span class=\"foreign\">les<\/span> refers initially, and thus avoid any confusion.\r\n\r\nThis extra clarification is only necessary with <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> and <span class=\"foreign\">les<\/span>. With all of the other indirect object pronouns, there is no possibility of confusion. It is obvious that <span class=\"foreign\">me<\/span> refers to \"me,\" <span class=\"foreign\">te<\/span> to \"you\" (singular, familiar), <span class=\"foreign\">nos<\/span> to \"us,\" and <span class=\"foreign\">os<\/span> to \"you\" (plural, familiar, used in Spain but not common in Latin America). In spite of the fact that the extra clarification is not necessary in these cases, you will occasionally see it included, in the forms of <span class=\"foreign\">a m\u00ed<\/span>, <span class=\"foreign\">a ti<\/span>, <span class=\"foreign\">a nosotros<\/span>, and <span class=\"foreign\">a vosotros<\/span>. It is sometimes used just for emphasis.\r\n\r\nThe indirect object pronoun is normally placed before the verb, which, if we translate literally, sounds a little strange to someone used to speaking English. For instance, if we look at the sentence <em><span class=\"foreign\">Juan me escribe cartas<\/span><\/em>, literally<span class=\"s1\">\u2014<\/span>word for word<span class=\"s1\">\u2014<\/span>we are saying \"Juan to me writes letters.\" Although this might sound awkward to you, it is very important that you remember to place the indirect object pronoun before the verb, otherwise, your Spanish will sound strange to the person you are talking to (and be incorrect)!\r\n\r\nThere are a couple of exceptions to the above placement rule, one of which you will learn now; you will see the other exceptions later on in this course. If you are using the present progressive tense, you may place the indirect object pronoun either before or after the verb phrase. As you will note in the examples below, if you choose to place the indirect object pronoun after instead of before, it is attached directly to the present participle and you will need to remember to place an accent mark. There is no difference in meaning in these options. Whether you place the indirect object pronoun before or after the present progressive, you will be saying the same thing.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>indirect object pronoun placed before verb<\/th>\r\n<th>indirect object pronoun placed after verb<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"My father is talking to me.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S101.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Mi padre <b>me<\/b> est\u00e1 hablando.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"My father is talking to me.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S102.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Mi padre est\u00e1 habl\u00e1ndo<b>me<\/b>.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Is Paco telling us the truth?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S103.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfPaco <b>nos<\/b> est\u00e1 diciendo la verdad?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Is Paco telling us the truth?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S104.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfPaco est\u00e1 dici\u00e9ndo<b>nos<\/b> la verdad?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"No, he is lying to you (plural).\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S105.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> No, <b>les<\/b> est\u00e1 mintiendo.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"No, he is lying to you (plural).\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S106.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> No, est\u00e1 minti\u00e9ndo<b>les<\/b>.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3><\/h3>","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You will now be learning about indirect object pronouns, which sounds like a complicated grammatical term, but is actually a part of language that you are probably accustomed to using every day. We will be looking at indirect object pronouns as they are used with verbs of communicationverbs like <span class=\"translation\" title=\"to say\"><span class=\"foreign\">decir<\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"translation\" title=\"to ask\"><span class=\"foreign\">preguntar<\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"translation\" title=\"to explain\"><span class=\"foreign\">explicar<\/span><\/span>. As you can see, these verbs are often referred to as verbs of communication, because they involve an exchange of information, or communicate some kind of information. The indirect object pronoun indicates or refers to the person to whom one asks a question, tells a secret, or explains the homework. The indirect object pronoun stands for or takes the place of the person or people who receive the information or are asked a question. You can think of it as a short cut or a more economical way of speaking. Let&#8217;s look at the indirect object pronouns and then some examples of how they are used.<\/p>\n<p><strong>complementos de objeto indirecto<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>singular<\/th>\n<th>plural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>1<sup>a<\/sup><\/th>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to me\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094a.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> me<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to us\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094d.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> nos<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>2<sup>a<\/sup><\/th>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to you\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> te<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to you\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094e.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> os<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>3<sup>a<\/sup><\/th>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to him\/her\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094c.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> le<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"to them\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S094f.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> les<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"dialog\">\n<p><audio src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S097.mp3\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"dialog\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"name\">Roberto<\/td>\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Does Pablo send you a lot of email?\">\u00bfPablo te manda mucho correo electr\u00f3nico?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"name\">Esmeralda<\/td>\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"He never sends me e-mail, but he calls me a lot.\">Nunca me manda correo electr\u00f3nico, pero me llama mucho.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 85px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Me llama mucho.\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L7p031.jpg\" alt=\"A boy talks on a cell phone\" width=\"75\" height=\"100\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Chen Hsin Yu CC BY-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dialog\">\n<p><audio src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S098.mp3\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"dialog\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"name\">Liliana<\/td>\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"To whom do you write letters?\">\u00bfA qui\u00e9n le escribes cartas?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"name\">Mois\u00e9s<\/td>\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"I write to my friends.\">Les escribo a mis amigos.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Les escribo a mis amigos.\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L7p028.jpg\" alt=\"A man writes letters in a park.\" width=\"100\" height=\"68\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Skaaven CC BY-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dialog\">\n<p><audio src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S100.mp3\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"dialog\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"name\">Concepci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Do you speak to your daughter in English or Spanish?\">\u00bfT\u00fa le hablas a tu hija en ingl\u00e9s o espa\u00f1ol?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"name\">Arturo<\/td>\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Generally I speak to her in Spanish, but sometimes I speak to her in English.\">Generalmente le hablo en espa\u00f1ol, pero a veces le hablo en ingl\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Generalmente le hablo en espa\u00f1ol\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L7p033.jpg\" alt=\"A man talking with his daughter\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: bp6316 CC BY 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>When you are using the third person indirect object pronouns <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> or <span class=\"foreign\">les<\/span>, you must specify about whom you are talking, which is why in the question <span class=\"foreign\">\u00bfLe explicas la gram\u00e1tica a Carlos?<\/span>, you have to say <span class=\"foreign\">a Carlos<\/span> at the end of the sentence; it serves to clarify whom the <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> represents. Once it is clear, you no longer have to keep repeating the name of the person. For instance, in the question <span class=\"foreign\">\u00bfT\u00fa le hablas a tu hija&#8230;?<\/span>, it is necessary to include <span class=\"foreign\">a tu hija<\/span>, otherwise the question would just ask do you speak &#8220;to her,&#8221; without the other person knowing who the &#8220;her&#8221; is. Since it has been made clear in the question, the person answering can just use <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span>, responding <span class=\"foreign\">S\u00ed, le hablo todos los d\u00edas<\/span>, and both persons having the conversation will understand that the <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> is referring back to the daughter. Once the <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> or <span class=\"foreign\">les<\/span> has been made clear, it is more common not to keep repeating the name. Constant repetition would sound stilted. If you were asked, &#8220;Do you write letters to Alejandro,&#8221; you would answer &#8220;Yes,&#8221; or &#8220;Yes, I write to him,&#8221; and not answer &#8220;Yes, I write letters to Alejandro.&#8221; While you don\u2019t continue to repeat the name, it is important that you always remember to indicate to whom the <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> or <span class=\"foreign\">les<\/span> refers initially, and thus avoid any confusion.<\/p>\n<p>This extra clarification is only necessary with <span class=\"foreign\">le<\/span> and <span class=\"foreign\">les<\/span>. With all of the other indirect object pronouns, there is no possibility of confusion. It is obvious that <span class=\"foreign\">me<\/span> refers to &#8220;me,&#8221; <span class=\"foreign\">te<\/span> to &#8220;you&#8221; (singular, familiar), <span class=\"foreign\">nos<\/span> to &#8220;us,&#8221; and <span class=\"foreign\">os<\/span> to &#8220;you&#8221; (plural, familiar, used in Spain but not common in Latin America). In spite of the fact that the extra clarification is not necessary in these cases, you will occasionally see it included, in the forms of <span class=\"foreign\">a m\u00ed<\/span>, <span class=\"foreign\">a ti<\/span>, <span class=\"foreign\">a nosotros<\/span>, and <span class=\"foreign\">a vosotros<\/span>. It is sometimes used just for emphasis.<\/p>\n<p>The indirect object pronoun is normally placed before the verb, which, if we translate literally, sounds a little strange to someone used to speaking English. For instance, if we look at the sentence <em><span class=\"foreign\">Juan me escribe cartas<\/span><\/em>, literally<span class=\"s1\">\u2014<\/span>word for word<span class=\"s1\">\u2014<\/span>we are saying &#8220;Juan to me writes letters.&#8221; Although this might sound awkward to you, it is very important that you remember to place the indirect object pronoun before the verb, otherwise, your Spanish will sound strange to the person you are talking to (and be incorrect)!<\/p>\n<p>There are a couple of exceptions to the above placement rule, one of which you will learn now; you will see the other exceptions later on in this course. If you are using the present progressive tense, you may place the indirect object pronoun either before or after the verb phrase. As you will note in the examples below, if you choose to place the indirect object pronoun after instead of before, it is attached directly to the present participle and you will need to remember to place an accent mark. There is no difference in meaning in these options. Whether you place the indirect object pronoun before or after the present progressive, you will be saying the same thing.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>indirect object pronoun placed before verb<\/th>\n<th>indirect object pronoun placed after verb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"My father is talking to me.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S101.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Mi padre <b>me<\/b> est\u00e1 hablando.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"My father is talking to me.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S102.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Mi padre est\u00e1 habl\u00e1ndo<b>me<\/b>.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Is Paco telling us the truth?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S103.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfPaco <b>nos<\/b> est\u00e1 diciendo la verdad?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Is Paco telling us the truth?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S104.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfPaco est\u00e1 dici\u00e9ndo<b>nos<\/b> la verdad?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"No, he is lying to you (plural).\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S105.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> No, <b>les<\/b> est\u00e1 mintiendo.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"No, he is lying to you (plural).\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l7_leccion7\/webcontent\/S1L7S106.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> No, est\u00e1 minti\u00e9ndo<b>les<\/b>.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-552\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Lesson 7: Estructuras gramaticales . <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Open Learning Initiative. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Carnegie Mellon. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13\">https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Spanish1. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Lesson 7: Estructuras gramaticales \",\"author\":\"Open Learning Initiative\",\"organization\":\"Carnegie 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