{"id":574,"date":"2015-09-28T20:22:01","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T20:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/spanish1oli\/?post_type=chapter&p=574"},"modified":"2015-10-30T16:55:20","modified_gmt":"2015-10-30T16:55:20","slug":"estructuras-gramaticales-verbos-con-cambios-de-raiz-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/chapter\/estructuras-gramaticales-verbos-con-cambios-de-raiz-1\/","title":{"raw":"Verbos con cambios de ra\u00edz (needs edit)","rendered":"Verbos con cambios de ra\u00edz (needs edit)"},"content":{"raw":" \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThere are some verbs in Spanish that are irregular because they undergo a stem change. By stem change, what we mean is that the spelling of the stem of verb the part before the -ar<\/em>, -er<\/em>, or -ir<\/em> <\/strong>ending slightly changes. These changes occur with vowels. There are three very common changes in the present tense that you will now learn: an o<\/em> changing to ue<\/em>, an e<\/em> changing to ie<\/em>, and an e<\/em> changing to an i<\/em>. After you have made these changes, then you will proceed to add the endings that you have already learned for -ar<\/em>, -er<\/em>, and -ir<\/em> verbs in the present tense. Let\u2019s look at examples of each one of these changes. But remember that the Nosotros<\/strong> and Vosotros<\/strong> forms do not have a stem change.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\no<\/em> to<\/em> ue<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
almorzar - to eat lunch (tiempo presente)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/th>\r\nsingular<\/span><\/th>\r\nplural<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>yo<\/span> almuerzo<\/td>\r\n<\/a>nosotros<\/span> almorzamos<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>t\u00fa<\/span> almuerzas<\/td>\r\n<\/a>vosotros<\/span> almorz\u00e1is<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> almuerza<\/td>\r\n<\/a>ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> almuerzan<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
poder - to be able (tiempo presente)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/th>\r\nsingular<\/span><\/th>\r\nplural<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>yo<\/span> puedo<\/td>\r\n<\/a>nosotros<\/span> podemos<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>t\u00fa<\/span> puedes<\/td>\r\n<\/a>vosotros<\/span> pod\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> puede<\/td>\r\n<\/a>ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> pueden<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
dormir - to sleep (tiempo presente)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/th>\r\nsingular<\/span><\/th>\r\nplural<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>yo<\/span> duermo<\/td>\r\n<\/a>nosotros<\/span> dormimos<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>t\u00fa<\/span> duermes<\/td>\r\n<\/a>vosotros<\/span> dorm\u00eds<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> duerme<\/td>\r\n<\/a>ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> duermen<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\ne<\/em> to<\/em> ie<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
pensar - to think (tiempo presente)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/th>\r\nsingular<\/span><\/th>\r\nplural<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>yo<\/span> pienso<\/td>\r\n<\/a>nosotros<\/span> pensamos<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>t\u00fa<\/span> piensas<\/td>\r\n<\/a>vosotros<\/span> pens\u00e1is<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> piensa<\/td>\r\n<\/a>ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> piensan<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
perder - to lose (tiempo presente)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/th>\r\nsingular<\/span><\/th>\r\nplural<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>yo<\/span> pierdo<\/td>\r\n<\/a>nosotros<\/span> perdemos<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>t\u00fa<\/span> pierdes<\/td>\r\n<\/a>vosotros<\/span> perd\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> pierde<\/td>\r\n<\/a>ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> pierden<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
mentir - to lie (tiempo presente)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/th>\r\nsingular<\/span><\/th>\r\nplural<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>yo<\/span> miento<\/td>\r\n<\/a>nosotros<\/span> mentimos<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>t\u00fa<\/span> mientes<\/td>\r\n<\/a>vosotros<\/span> ment\u00eds<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> miente<\/td>\r\n<\/a>ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> mienten<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\ne<\/em> to<\/em> i<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
pedir - to ask for (tiempo presente)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/th>\r\nsingular<\/span><\/th>\r\nplural<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>yo<\/span> pido<\/td>\r\n<\/a>nosotros<\/span> pedimos<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>t\u00fa<\/span> pides<\/td>\r\n<\/a>vosotros<\/span> ped\u00eds<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3a<\/sup><\/th>\r\n<\/a>\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/span> pide<\/td>\r\n<\/a>ellos\/ellas\/ustedes<\/span> piden<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nTo see what other verbs follow these three stem changing patterns, you can refer to your vocabulary list. In a dictionary or vocabulary list, you will often see the stem change listed in parentheses next to the verb, for example dormir (ue)\u2014<\/span>this makes you aware that the verb you are dealing with undergoes a stem change!\r\n\r\nYou may have noticed a few things about these verbs. First of all, as mentioned before, while a change occurs in the spelling of the verb, the endings that you learned for -ar<\/em>, -er<\/em>, and -ir<\/em> verbs stay the same. Second of all, you might have noticed that the changes do not occur for every person. The nosotros<\/span> (first person plural) and vosotros<\/span> (second person plural) do not change from o<\/em> to ue<\/em>, e<\/em> to ie<\/em>, nor e<\/em> to i<\/em>.\r\n\r\nThere are three stem changing verbs you are learning that are often (but not always) followed by an infinitive. You will frequently see the verb poder<\/span><\/span> with an infinitive, meaning that you are able to do something. For example, Yo puedo ir a la fiesta<\/span><\/span>. You will also often see the verbs querer<\/span> and preferir<\/span> with an infinitive, to express that you want to do something. We will use these verbs a little more in the next lesson.\r\n\r\nBelow you will see and hear several examples of the different stem changing verbs you have just learned.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"Play \u00bfUstedes pueden venir a la reuni\u00f3n hoy?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play Los ni\u00f1os almuerzan en la escuela.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]\"A Foto: woodleywonderworks CC BY 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n
<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play Nosotros servimos la cena a las ocho.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play Mi mam\u00e1 vuelve a casa a las seis.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]\"A Foto: Duane Tate CC BY 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n
<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play \u00bfQu\u00e9 piensas de la nueva profesora?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play En un restaurante, Isabel siempre pide agua.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"56\"]\"A Foto: joeymanley CC BY-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n
<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play \u00bfUsted juega al tenis?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play Nunca cierro las ventanas durante el verano.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]\"An Foto: glasseyes view CC BY-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n
<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play Mis amigos quieren bailar salsa.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play Un buen mesero siempre sirve el caf\u00e9 despu\u00e9s del postre.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"67\"]\"A Foto: Phil Monger CC BY 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n
<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\"Play A veces Miguelito miente a su maestra.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n\n\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n