{"id":86,"date":"2015-09-28T20:21:50","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T20:21:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/spanish1oli\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=86"},"modified":"2015-10-08T19:41:01","modified_gmt":"2015-10-08T19:41:01","slug":"estructuras-gramaticales-el-genero-de-sustantivos-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/chapter\/estructuras-gramaticales-el-genero-de-sustantivos-1\/","title":{"raw":"El g\u00e9nero de sustantivos","rendered":"El g\u00e9nero de sustantivos"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNouns in Spanish are either masculine or feminine. The most common way to determine the gender of a noun is through its ending. Most nouns that end in -<em>o<\/em> are masculine. For example:\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"telephone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S413.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el tel\u00e9fono<\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"tel\u00e9fono\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p025.jpg\" alt=\"mobile phone\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/> Foto: Federico Casares CC BY-NC-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"neighborhood\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S414.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el barrio<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"notebook\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S415.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el cuaderno<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nMost nouns that end in -a are feminine. For instance:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"pen\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S416.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la pluma,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"chalkboard\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S417.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la pizarra,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"chair\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S418.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la silla<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe gender of nouns is an inherent property, meaning that it cannot be changed. You might have the impression that you can change the gender in nouns by switching the -<em>o<\/em> to -<em>a<\/em> or vice versa. However, if you change the gender ending of a noun, you are often changing the meaning of the noun and talking about something or someone else. For example:\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"port\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S419.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el puert<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"puerto\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p026b.jpg\" alt=\"door\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/> Foto: Pablo Gonzalez CC BY-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"door\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S420.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la puert<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"98\"]<img title=\"puerta\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p026.jpg\" alt=\"door\" width=\"98\" height=\"77\" \/> Foto: Art Explosion[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"case\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S421.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el cas<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"house\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S422.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la cas<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"book\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S423.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el libr<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"pound\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S424.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la libr<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThe first set of nouns you will learn about are those that refer to animate beings. With such nouns, the gender is consistent with the biological sex of the person or animal. These nouns can be divided according to some general patterns.\r\n\r\nThere are sometimes two completely different words to designate the person\/animal according to his\/her biological sex.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"man\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S425.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el hombre<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"woman\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S426.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la mujer<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"stallion\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S427.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el caballo<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"mare\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S428.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la yegua<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"bull\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S429.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el toro<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"cow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S430.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la vaca<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nSome words are almost identical, but differ only in the ending (-<em>o<\/em> or -<em>a<\/em>) in order to designate the biological sex.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"92\"]<img title=\"gato\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p027.jpg\" alt=\"male cat\" width=\"92\" height=\"77\" \/> Foto: Art Explosion[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"male cat\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S431.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el gat<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"gato\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p027a.jpg\" alt=\"female cat\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/> Foto: Virginia Kannemann CC BY-NC-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"female cat\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S432.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la gat<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"male dog\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S433.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el perr<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"female dog\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S434.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la perr<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"boy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S435.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el ni\u00f1<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"girl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S436.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la ni\u00f1<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFor some nouns that end in a consonant in the masculine form, you can add an -<em>a<\/em> in order to make the feminine form.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"director\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S437.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el director<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"director\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S438.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la director<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"doctor\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S439.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el doctor<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"doctor\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S440.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la doctor<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"leon\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p028a.jpg\" alt=\"a lion\" width=\"100\" height=\"66\" \/> Foto: Cody Kwok CC BY-NC 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"lion\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S441.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el le\u00f3n<\/a><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"leona\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p028.jpg\" alt=\"a lioness\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" \/> Foto: Sarmale CC BY-NC-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"lioness\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S442.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la leon<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nIn some cases, the same word is used to refer to either a male or female. In this case, the gender of the definite or indefinite article lets you know if the speaker is referring to a male or a female.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"journalist\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S443a.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el periodista<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"journalist\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S443b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la periodista<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"athlete\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S444a.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el deportista<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"athlete\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S444b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la deportista<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"student\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S447a.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el estudiante<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"student\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S447b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la estudiante<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nNote that these nouns end in -<em>ista<\/em> or -<em>ante<\/em> or -<em>ente<\/em> and are related to jobs, pastimes, beliefs, or ideologies.\r\n\r\nIn order to know the gender of a noun, there are some other general indicators in addition to the ones you have just learned.\r\n\r\nNouns that end in -<em>tad<\/em> or -<em>dad<\/em> are feminine.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"ciudad\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p056.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles skyline\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" \/> Foto: Dave Reichert CC BY-NC 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"city\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S448.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la ciudad,<\/a><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"difficulty\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S449.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la dificultad<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nMost nouns that end in -<em>i\u00f3n<\/em> are feminine.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"attention\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S450.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la atenci\u00f3n,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"tension\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S451.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la tensi\u00f3n<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMany nouns that end in -<em>ez<\/em> are feminine.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"childhood\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S452.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la ni\u00f1ez,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"maturity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S453.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la madurez<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMost nouns that end in -<em>umbre<\/em> are feminine.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"100\"]<img title=\"muchedumbre\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p055.jpg\" alt=\"crowd of people\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/> Foto: Juan Pablo Aqueveque CC BY-NC-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"crowd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S454.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la muchedumbre,<\/a><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"custom\/tradition\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S455.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la costumbre<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nMost nouns that end in -<em>tud<\/em> are feminine.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"attitude\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S456.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la actitud,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"virtue\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S457.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la virtud<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThere are many nouns that end in -<em>e<\/em>. There is no rule for these and you will learn them with practice and repetition; some are masculine, such as:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"tooth\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S466.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el diente,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"environment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S467.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el ambiente,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"comb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S468.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el peine<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nOthers are feminine, such as:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"beef\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S469.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la carne,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"serpent\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S470.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la serpiente,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"class\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S471.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la clase<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThere are some important exceptions to the general rule that nouns that end in -<em>o<\/em> are masculine and noun that end in -<em>a<\/em> are feminine. These words are very common, so you will probably find it useful to keep them in mind!\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"photo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S472.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la foto,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"hand\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S473.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la mano,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"map\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S474.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el mapa,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"day\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S475.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el d\u00eda<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhile you learned that nouns ending in -<em>a<\/em> are usually feminine, there are several that are masculine. These nouns are borrowed from Greek and we have many of them as cognates in English.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"problem\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S458.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el problema,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"program\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S459.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el programa,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"climate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S460.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el clima,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"language\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S461.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el idioma,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"theme\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S462.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el tema,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"system\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S463.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el sistema,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"drama\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S464.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el drama,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"trauma\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S465.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el trauma<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/oea.herokuapp.com\/assessments\/1366\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nouns in Spanish are either masculine or feminine. The most common way to determine the gender of a noun is through its ending. Most nouns that end in &#8211;<em>o<\/em> are masculine. For example:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"telephone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S413.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el tel\u00e9fono<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"tel\u00e9fono\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p025.jpg\" alt=\"mobile phone\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Federico Casares CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"neighborhood\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S414.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el barrio<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"notebook\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S415.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el cuaderno<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Most nouns that end in -a are feminine. For instance:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"pen\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S416.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la pluma,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"chalkboard\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S417.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la pizarra,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"chair\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S418.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la silla<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The gender of nouns is an inherent property, meaning that it cannot be changed. You might have the impression that you can change the gender in nouns by switching the &#8211;<em>o<\/em> to &#8211;<em>a<\/em> or vice versa. However, if you change the gender ending of a noun, you are often changing the meaning of the noun and talking about something or someone else. For example:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"port\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S419.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el puert<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"puerto\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p026b.jpg\" alt=\"door\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Pablo Gonzalez CC BY-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"door\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S420.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la puert<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 108px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"puerta\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p026.jpg\" alt=\"door\" width=\"98\" height=\"77\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Art Explosion<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"case\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S421.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el cas<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"house\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S422.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la cas<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"book\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S423.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el libr<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"pound\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S424.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la libr<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The first set of nouns you will learn about are those that refer to animate beings. With such nouns, the gender is consistent with the biological sex of the person or animal. These nouns can be divided according to some general patterns.<\/p>\n<p>There are sometimes two completely different words to designate the person\/animal according to his\/her biological sex.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"man\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S425.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el hombre<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"woman\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S426.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la mujer<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"stallion\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S427.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el caballo<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"mare\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S428.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la yegua<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"bull\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S429.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el toro<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"cow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S430.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la vaca<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Some words are almost identical, but differ only in the ending (-<em>o<\/em> or &#8211;<em>a<\/em>) in order to designate the biological sex.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 102px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"gato\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p027.jpg\" alt=\"male cat\" width=\"92\" height=\"77\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Art Explosion<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"male cat\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S431.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el gat<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"gato\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p027a.jpg\" alt=\"female cat\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Virginia Kannemann CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"female cat\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S432.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la gat<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"male dog\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S433.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el perr<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"female dog\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S434.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la perr<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"boy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S435.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el ni\u00f1<em>o<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"girl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S436.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la ni\u00f1<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For some nouns that end in a consonant in the masculine form, you can add an &#8211;<em>a<\/em> in order to make the feminine form.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"director\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S437.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el director<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"director\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S438.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la director<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"doctor\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S439.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el doctor<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"doctor\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S440.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la doctor<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"leon\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p028a.jpg\" alt=\"a lion\" width=\"100\" height=\"66\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Cody Kwok CC BY-NC 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"lion\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S441.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el le\u00f3n<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"leona\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p028.jpg\" alt=\"a lioness\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Sarmale CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"lioness\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S442.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la leon<em>a<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>In some cases, the same word is used to refer to either a male or female. In this case, the gender of the definite or indefinite article lets you know if the speaker is referring to a male or a female.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"journalist\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S443a.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el periodista<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"journalist\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S443b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la periodista<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"athlete\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S444a.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el deportista<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"athlete\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S444b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la deportista<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"student\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S447a.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el estudiante<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"student\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S447b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la estudiante<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note that these nouns end in &#8211;<em>ista<\/em> or &#8211;<em>ante<\/em> or &#8211;<em>ente<\/em> and are related to jobs, pastimes, beliefs, or ideologies.<\/p>\n<p>In order to know the gender of a noun, there are some other general indicators in addition to the ones you have just learned.<\/p>\n<p>Nouns that end in &#8211;<em>tad<\/em> or &#8211;<em>dad<\/em> are feminine.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"ciudad\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p056.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles skyline\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Dave Reichert CC BY-NC 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"city\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S448.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la ciudad,<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"difficulty\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S449.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la dificultad<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Most nouns that end in &#8211;<em>i\u00f3n<\/em> are feminine.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"attention\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S450.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la atenci\u00f3n,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"tension\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S451.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la tensi\u00f3n<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many nouns that end in &#8211;<em>ez<\/em> are feminine.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"childhood\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S452.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la ni\u00f1ez,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"maturity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S453.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la madurez<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Most nouns that end in &#8211;<em>umbre<\/em> are feminine.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"muchedumbre\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L1p055.jpg\" alt=\"crowd of people\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Juan Pablo Aqueveque CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"crowd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S454.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la muchedumbre,<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"custom\/tradition\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S455.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la costumbre<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Most nouns that end in &#8211;<em>tud<\/em> are feminine.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"attitude\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S456.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la actitud,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"virtue\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S457.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la virtud<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are many nouns that end in &#8211;<em>e<\/em>. There is no rule for these and you will learn them with practice and repetition; some are masculine, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"tooth\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S466.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el diente,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"environment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S467.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el ambiente,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"comb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S468.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el peine<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Others are feminine, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"beef\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S469.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la carne,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"serpent\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S470.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la serpiente,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"class\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S471.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la clase<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are some important exceptions to the general rule that nouns that end in &#8211;<em>o<\/em> are masculine and noun that end in &#8211;<em>a<\/em> are feminine. These words are very common, so you will probably find it useful to keep them in mind!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"photo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S472.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la foto,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"hand\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S473.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> la mano,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"map\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S474.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el mapa,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"day\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S475.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el d\u00eda<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>While you learned that nouns ending in &#8211;<em>a<\/em> are usually feminine, there are several that are masculine. These nouns are borrowed from Greek and we have many of them as cognates in English.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"problem\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S458.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el problema,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"program\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S459.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el programa,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"climate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S460.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el clima,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"language\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S461.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el idioma,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"theme\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S462.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el tema,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"system\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S463.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el sistema,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"drama\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S464.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el drama,<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"translation\" title=\"trauma\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l1_leccion1\/webcontent\/S1L1S465.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> el trauma<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumenoea.herokuapp.com\/assessments\/load?src_url=https:\/\/lumenoea.herokuapp.com\/api\/assessments\/1366.xml&#38;results_end_point=https:\/\/lumenoea.herokuapp.com\/api&#38;assessment_id=1366&#38;confidence_levels=true&#38;enable_start=true&#38;eid=https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/chapter\/estructuras-gramaticales-el-genero-de-sustantivos-1\/\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-86\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Lesson 1 Estructuras gramaticales. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Open Learning Initiative. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Carnegie Mellon. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13\">https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Spanish1. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Lesson 1 Estructuras gramaticales\",\"author\":\"Open Learning Initiative\",\"organization\":\"Carnegie Mellon\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13\",\"project\":\"Spanish1\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-86","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1580,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1823,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/revisions\/1823"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1580"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=86"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=86"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=86"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}