{"id":884,"date":"2015-09-28T20:20:17","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T20:20:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/spanish1oli\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=884"},"modified":"2015-10-15T18:57:35","modified_gmt":"2015-10-15T18:57:35","slug":"funciones-hablar-del-pasado-presente-y-futuro-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/chapter\/funciones-hablar-del-pasado-presente-y-futuro-1\/","title":{"raw":"Hablar del pasado, presente y futuro","rendered":"Hablar del pasado, presente y futuro"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n\r\nIn earlier lessons, you learned to talk about the present, the past, and the future.\r\n\r\nFor example, you learned to use the present tense to talk about habitual actions and things that are generally true.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S002.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Elenita estudia matem\u00e1ticas.<\/a>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"108\"]<img title=\"Estudia matem\u00e1ticas\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p067.jpg\" alt=\"graphing calculator\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/> Foto: Andres Rueda CC BY 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S003.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Los brasile\u00f1os hablan portugu\u00e9s.<\/a>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"108\"]<img title=\"Los brasile\u00f1os hablan protugu\u00e9s.\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p066.jpg\" alt=\"Brazil flag\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/> Foto: Douglas Fernandes CC BY 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S004.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Vivo en la Calle Arenal.<\/a>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"108\"]<img title=\"Vivo en Calle Arenal.\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p063.jpg\" alt=\"Calle Arenal in Madrid, Spain\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/> Foto: Daniel Lobo CC BY 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S005.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Normalmente, no desayuno nada; s\u00f3lo tomo un caf\u00e9.<\/a>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"108\"]<img title=\"S\u00f3lo tomo caf\u00e9\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p062.jpg\" alt=\"coffee sitting on a table\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/> Foto: El Alvi CC BY-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nIn this lesson, you will come across another, idiomatic use of the present tense that is especially common in interactions between waiters\/waitresses and their clients, and salespeople and their customers.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\n\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"Shall\/Should I bring dessert?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S007.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfLes traigo el postre?<\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"150\"]<img title=\"\u00bfLes traigo el postre?\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p064.jpg\" alt=\"cherry jello dessert\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/> Foto: MoRDi CuaC CC BY-SA 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Would\/Could you bring me a cup of coffee?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S006.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Me trae un caf\u00e9, por favor.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"How much should I give you?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S008.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfCu\u00e1nto le doy?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n<span class=\"translation\" title=\"Should I\/Would you like me to wrap the perfume?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S009.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfLe envuelvo el perfume?<\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"150\"]<img title=\"\u00bfLe envuelvo el perfume?\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p065.jpg\" alt=\"perfume on a counter\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/> Foto: Danielle Elder CC BY 2.0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nTo talk about future actions and your plans for the coming weekend or days, you have learned to use the <span class=\"foreign\">ir<\/span> + <span class=\"foreign\">a<\/span> + <span class=\"foreign\">infinitivo<\/span> construction:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S010.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Para el cumplea\u00f1os de mam\u00e1 vamos a hacer una torta de chocolate.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFinally, you learned to discuss past activities using the preterite to talk about actions that happened in the past within a concrete block of time:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S011.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfQu\u00e9 sirvieron de comer en la fiesta de Anita?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThere are times when you may want to talk about how long you have been doing something, or inquire how long a certain action has been continuing. I have been cooking for an hour requires a very different construction in Spanish than in English:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"I\u2019ve been cooking for an hour.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S012.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Hace una hora que cocino.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIf you want to find out how long something has been going on, you start your question with <span class=\"foreign\">\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo hace que...?<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"How long have you been cooking?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S013.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo hace que cocinas?<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"dialog\">\r\n<table class=\"dialog\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"name\">Alicia<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"How long has Enrique been teaching English?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S014.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo hace que Enrique ense\u00f1a ingl\u00e9s?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"name\">Rosa<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"It's been a year.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S015.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Hace un a\u00f1o.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nYou may also answer this question by simply stating the period of time:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S016.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Un a\u00f1o<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe <span class=\"foreign\">Hace...que<\/span> construction is also used to tell how long ago something happened; this is another way to talk about the past. In this case, the pret\u00e9rito is used:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"We ate in the new Chinese restaurant two weeks ago.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S018b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Hace dos semanas que comimos en el nuevo restaurante chino.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe same idea may be expressed by beginning the sentence with the verb phrase. In this case, the word <span class=\"foreign\">que<\/span> is omitted:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"We ate in the new Chinese restaurant two weeks ago.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S018.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Comimos en el nuevo restaurante chino hace dos semanas.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><\/h3>","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In earlier lessons, you learned to talk about the present, the past, and the future.<\/p>\n<p>For example, you learned to use the present tense to talk about habitual actions and things that are generally true.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S002.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Elenita estudia matem\u00e1ticas.<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 118px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Estudia matem\u00e1ticas\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p067.jpg\" alt=\"graphing calculator\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Andres Rueda CC BY 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S003.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Los brasile\u00f1os hablan portugu\u00e9s.<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 118px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Los brasile\u00f1os hablan protugu\u00e9s.\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p066.jpg\" alt=\"Brazil flag\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Douglas Fernandes CC BY 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S004.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Vivo en la Calle Arenal.<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 118px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Vivo en Calle Arenal.\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p063.jpg\" alt=\"Calle Arenal in Madrid, Spain\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Daniel Lobo CC BY 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S005.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Normalmente, no desayuno nada; s\u00f3lo tomo un caf\u00e9.<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 118px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"S\u00f3lo tomo caf\u00e9\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p062.jpg\" alt=\"coffee sitting on a table\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: El Alvi CC BY-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>In this lesson, you will come across another, idiomatic use of the present tense that is especially common in interactions between waiters\/waitresses and their clients, and salespeople and their customers.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Shall\/Should I bring dessert?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S007.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfLes traigo el postre?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"\u00bfLes traigo el postre?\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p064.jpg\" alt=\"cherry jello dessert\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: MoRDi CuaC CC BY-SA 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Would\/Could you bring me a cup of coffee?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S006.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Me trae un caf\u00e9, por favor.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"translation\" title=\"How much should I give you?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S008.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfCu\u00e1nto le doy?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span class=\"translation\" title=\"Should I\/Would you like me to wrap the perfume?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S009.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfLe envuelvo el perfume?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"\u00bfLe envuelvo el perfume?\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2922\/2015\/09\/S1L12p065.jpg\" alt=\"perfume on a counter\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Danielle Elder CC BY 2.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>To talk about future actions and your plans for the coming weekend or days, you have learned to use the <span class=\"foreign\">ir<\/span> + <span class=\"foreign\">a<\/span> + <span class=\"foreign\">infinitivo<\/span> construction:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S010.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Para el cumplea\u00f1os de mam\u00e1 vamos a hacer una torta de chocolate.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Finally, you learned to discuss past activities using the preterite to talk about actions that happened in the past within a concrete block of time:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S011.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfQu\u00e9 sirvieron de comer en la fiesta de Anita?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are times when you may want to talk about how long you have been doing something, or inquire how long a certain action has been continuing. I have been cooking for an hour requires a very different construction in Spanish than in English:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"I\u2019ve been cooking for an hour.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S012.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Hace una hora que cocino.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you want to find out how long something has been going on, you start your question with <span class=\"foreign\">\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo hace que&#8230;?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"How long have you been cooking?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S013.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo hace que cocinas?<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"dialog\">\n<table class=\"dialog\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"name\">Alicia<\/td>\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"How long has Enrique been teaching English?\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S014.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> \u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo hace que Enrique ense\u00f1a ingl\u00e9s?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"name\">Rosa<\/td>\n<td class=\"material\"><span class=\"translation\" title=\"It's been a year.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S015.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Hace un a\u00f1o.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>You may also answer this question by simply stating the period of time:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S016.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Un a\u00f1o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <span class=\"foreign\">Hace&#8230;que<\/span> construction is also used to tell how long ago something happened; this is another way to talk about the past. In this case, the pret\u00e9rito is used:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"We ate in the new Chinese restaurant two weeks ago.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S018b.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Hace dos semanas que comimos en el nuevo restaurante chino.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The same idea may be expressed by beginning the sentence with the verb phrase. In this case, the word <span class=\"foreign\">que<\/span> is omitted:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"translation\" title=\"We ate in the new Chinese restaurant two weeks ago.\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/l12_leccion12\/webcontent\/S1L12S018.mp3\" target=\"audio\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/olispanish1\/play.svg#fixme\" alt=\"Play Audio\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/> Comimos en el nuevo restaurante chino hace dos semanas.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-884\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Lesson 12: Funciones . <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Open Learning Initiative. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Carnegie Mellon. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13\">https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Spanish1. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Lesson 12: Funciones \",\"author\":\"Open Learning Initiative\",\"organization\":\"Carnegie Mellon\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oli.cmu.edu\/jcourse\/lms\/students\/syllabus.do?section=037856eb80020ca6007833f93f06cd13\",\"project\":\"Spanish1\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-884","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1783,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2415,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/884\/revisions\/2415"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1783"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/884\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=884"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=884"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/umes-spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}