{"id":1650,"date":"2016-09-07T20:17:55","date_gmt":"2016-09-07T20:17:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-collegesuccess\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1650"},"modified":"2020-08-08T03:10:00","modified_gmt":"2020-08-08T03:10:00","slug":"text-learning-styles","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-collegesuccess\/chapter\/text-learning-styles\/","title":{"raw":"Learning Styles","rendered":"Learning Styles"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Define learning styles and multimodal learning<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Identifying Learning Styles<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<em>Kyle was excited to take a beginning\u00a0Spanish class to prepare for a semester abroad in Spain. Before his first vocabulary quiz, he reviewed his notes many times. Kyle took the quiz, but when he got the results, he was surprised to see that he had earned a B-, despite having studied so much.\u00a0<\/em>\r\n\r\n<em>Kyle\u2019s professor suggested that he experiment with different ways of studying. For example, in addition to studying his written notes, he might listen to\u00a0some\u00a0audio\u00a0of his vocabulary words\u2014perhaps by looking up an online video\u00a0created by a\u00a0native Spanish speaker.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nMany of us, like Kyle, are accustomed to\u00a0very traditional learning styles as a result of\u00a0our experience as K\u201312 students. For instance, we can all remember\u00a0listening to a teacher talk, and copying notes off the chalkboard. However, when it comes to learning, one size doesn't fit all. People have different learning styles and preferences, and these can vary\u00a0from subject to subject. For example, while Kyle might prefer listening to recordings to help him learn\u00a0Spanish, he might prefer hands-on activities like labs to master\u00a0the concepts in his biology course. But what are learning styles, and where does the idea come from?\r\n\r\nLearning styles are also called\u00a0<em>learning modalities<\/em>. Walter Burke Barbe and his colleagues proposed the following three learning modalities (often identified by the acronym VAK):\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Visual<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Auditory<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kinesthetic<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExamples\u00a0of these modalities are shown in the table, below.\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Visual<\/th>\r\n<th>Kinesthetic<\/th>\r\n<th>Auditory<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Picture<\/td>\r\n<td>Gestures<\/td>\r\n<td>Listening<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Shape<\/td>\r\n<td>Body Movements<\/td>\r\n<td>Rhythms<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Sculpture<\/td>\r\n<td>Object Manipulation<\/td>\r\n<td>Tone<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Paintings<\/td>\r\n<td>Positioning<\/td>\r\n<td>Chants<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nNeil Fleming's VARK model\u00a0expanded on the three modalities described above and added \"Read\/Write Learning\" as a\u00a0fourth.\r\n\r\nThe four sensory modalities in Fleming's model are:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Visual learning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Auditory learning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Read\/write learning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kinesthetic learning<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nFleming claimed that visual learners have a preference for seeing (visual aids that represent ideas using methods other than words, such as graphs, charts, diagrams, symbols, etc.). Auditory learners best learn through listening (lectures, discussions, tapes, etc.). Read\/write learners have a preference for written words (readings, dictionaries, reference works, research, etc.) Tactile\/kinesthetic learners prefer to learn via experience\u2014moving, touching, and doing (active exploration of the world, science projects, experiments, etc.).\r\n\r\nThe VAK\/VARK models can be a helpful\u00a0way of thinking about different learning\u00a0styles and preferences, but they are certainly not the last word on how people learn or prefer to learn. Many educators consider\u00a0the distinctions useful, finding that students benefit from having access to a blend of learning approaches. Others find the idea of three or four \"styles\" to be distracting or\u00a0limiting.\r\n\r\nIn the college setting, you'll probably discover that instructors teach\u00a0their course materials according to the method they think\u00a0will be most effective for all students.\u00a0Thus, regardless of your individual learning preference, you will probably be asked to engage in all types of learning. For instance, even though you consider yourself to be a \"visual learner,\" you will still probably have to write papers in some of your classes. Research suggests that it's good for the brain to learn in new ways\u00a0and that learning in different modalities can help\u00a0learners become more well-rounded. Consider the following statistics on how much content\u00a0students absorb through\u00a0different learning methods:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>10 percent of content they <em>read<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>20 percent of content they <em>hear<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>30 percent of content they <em>visualize<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>50 percent of what they both <em>visualize and hear<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>70 percent of what they <em>say<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>90 percent of what they <em>say and do<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe range of these results underscores the importance of mixing up the ways in which you study and engage with learning\u00a0materials.\r\n<h2>Defining Multimodal Learning<\/h2>\r\nYou might discover that you prefer more than one learning style. Applying more than one learning style is known as multimodal learning. This strategy is useful\u00a0not only for students\u00a0who prefer to combine learning styles but also for those who may not know which learning style works best for them. It's also a good way to mix things up\u00a0and keep\u00a0learning fun.\r\n\r\nFor example, consider how you might\u00a0combine visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles to a biology class. For visual learning, you could create flash cards containing images of individual animals and the species name. For auditory learning, you could have a friend quiz you on\u00a0the flash cards. For kinesthetic learning, you could move the flash cards around on a board to show a food web (food chain).\r\n\r\nThe following video will help you review the types of learning styles and see how\u00a0they might relate to\u00a0your study habits:\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=1291194&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=dvMex7KXLvM&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-xxs2bn8m-dvMex7KXLvM\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nYou can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/College+Success\/Transcripts\/DiscoverYourLearningStyleAndOptimizeYourSelfStudy_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \"Discover Your Learning Style and Optimize Your Self Study\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2><div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/18wHxS7-FzpUsNX4SIIrKN8FBBRoOqOvRSqX5wvJfsdE\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Define learning styles and multimodal learning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Identifying Learning Styles<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><em>Kyle was excited to take a beginning\u00a0Spanish class to prepare for a semester abroad in Spain. Before his first vocabulary quiz, he reviewed his notes many times. Kyle took the quiz, but when he got the results, he was surprised to see that he had earned a B-, despite having studied so much.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kyle\u2019s professor suggested that he experiment with different ways of studying. For example, in addition to studying his written notes, he might listen to\u00a0some\u00a0audio\u00a0of his vocabulary words\u2014perhaps by looking up an online video\u00a0created by a\u00a0native Spanish speaker.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Many of us, like Kyle, are accustomed to\u00a0very traditional learning styles as a result of\u00a0our experience as K\u201312 students. For instance, we can all remember\u00a0listening to a teacher talk, and copying notes off the chalkboard. However, when it comes to learning, one size doesn&#8217;t fit all. People have different learning styles and preferences, and these can vary\u00a0from subject to subject. For example, while Kyle might prefer listening to recordings to help him learn\u00a0Spanish, he might prefer hands-on activities like labs to master\u00a0the concepts in his biology course. But what are learning styles, and where does the idea come from?<\/p>\n<p>Learning styles are also called\u00a0<em>learning modalities<\/em>. Walter Burke Barbe and his colleagues proposed the following three learning modalities (often identified by the acronym VAK):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Visual<\/li>\n<li>Auditory<\/li>\n<li>Kinesthetic<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Examples\u00a0of these modalities are shown in the table, below.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Visual<\/th>\n<th>Kinesthetic<\/th>\n<th>Auditory<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Picture<\/td>\n<td>Gestures<\/td>\n<td>Listening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shape<\/td>\n<td>Body Movements<\/td>\n<td>Rhythms<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sculpture<\/td>\n<td>Object Manipulation<\/td>\n<td>Tone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Paintings<\/td>\n<td>Positioning<\/td>\n<td>Chants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Neil Fleming&#8217;s VARK model\u00a0expanded on the three modalities described above and added &#8220;Read\/Write Learning&#8221; as a\u00a0fourth.<\/p>\n<p>The four sensory modalities in Fleming&#8217;s model are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Visual learning<\/li>\n<li>Auditory learning<\/li>\n<li>Read\/write learning<\/li>\n<li>Kinesthetic learning<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Fleming claimed that visual learners have a preference for seeing (visual aids that represent ideas using methods other than words, such as graphs, charts, diagrams, symbols, etc.). Auditory learners best learn through listening (lectures, discussions, tapes, etc.). Read\/write learners have a preference for written words (readings, dictionaries, reference works, research, etc.) Tactile\/kinesthetic learners prefer to learn via experience\u2014moving, touching, and doing (active exploration of the world, science projects, experiments, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>The VAK\/VARK models can be a helpful\u00a0way of thinking about different learning\u00a0styles and preferences, but they are certainly not the last word on how people learn or prefer to learn. Many educators consider\u00a0the distinctions useful, finding that students benefit from having access to a blend of learning approaches. Others find the idea of three or four &#8220;styles&#8221; to be distracting or\u00a0limiting.<\/p>\n<p>In the college setting, you&#8217;ll probably discover that instructors teach\u00a0their course materials according to the method they think\u00a0will be most effective for all students.\u00a0Thus, regardless of your individual learning preference, you will probably be asked to engage in all types of learning. For instance, even though you consider yourself to be a &#8220;visual learner,&#8221; you will still probably have to write papers in some of your classes. Research suggests that it&#8217;s good for the brain to learn in new ways\u00a0and that learning in different modalities can help\u00a0learners become more well-rounded. Consider the following statistics on how much content\u00a0students absorb through\u00a0different learning methods:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>10 percent of content they <em>read<\/em><\/li>\n<li>20 percent of content they <em>hear<\/em><\/li>\n<li>30 percent of content they <em>visualize<\/em><\/li>\n<li>50 percent of what they both <em>visualize and hear<\/em><\/li>\n<li>70 percent of what they <em>say<\/em><\/li>\n<li>90 percent of what they <em>say and do<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The range of these results underscores the importance of mixing up the ways in which you study and engage with learning\u00a0materials.<\/p>\n<h2>Defining Multimodal Learning<\/h2>\n<p>You might discover that you prefer more than one learning style. Applying more than one learning style is known as multimodal learning. This strategy is useful\u00a0not only for students\u00a0who prefer to combine learning styles but also for those who may not know which learning style works best for them. It&#8217;s also a good way to mix things up\u00a0and keep\u00a0learning fun.<\/p>\n<p>For example, consider how you might\u00a0combine visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles to a biology class. For visual learning, you could create flash cards containing images of individual animals and the species name. For auditory learning, you could have a friend quiz you on\u00a0the flash cards. For kinesthetic learning, you could move the flash cards around on a board to show a food web (food chain).<\/p>\n<p>The following video will help you review the types of learning styles and see how\u00a0they might relate to\u00a0your study habits:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=1291194&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=dvMex7KXLvM&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-xxs2bn8m-dvMex7KXLvM\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/College+Success\/Transcripts\/DiscoverYourLearningStyleAndOptimizeYourSelfStudy_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for &#8220;Discover Your Learning Style and Optimize Your Self Study&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/18wHxS7-FzpUsNX4SIIrKN8FBBRoOqOvRSqX5wvJfsdE\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1650\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Text: Learning Styles. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Learning Styles. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Learning_styles\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Learning_styles<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Discover Your Learning Style and Optimize Your Self Study. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Langfocus. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dvMex7KXLvM\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/dvMex7KXLvM<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Text: Learning Styles\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Learning Styles\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Learning_styles\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Discover Your Learning Style and Optimize Your Self 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