{"id":1081,"date":"2016-04-21T16:06:06","date_gmt":"2016-04-21T16:06:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1081"},"modified":"2016-08-29T18:10:33","modified_gmt":"2016-08-29T18:10:33","slug":"text-pronouns-4-2-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/chapter\/text-pronouns-4-2-1\/","title":{"raw":"Text: Pronouns","rendered":"Text: Pronouns"},"content":{"raw":"<img class=\"alignright wp-image-2297\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/21153634\/Screen-Shot-2016-06-21-at-11.36.04-AM-300x273.png\" alt=\"Icon of two squares, one solid and one dotted line, connected by two curved arrows\" width=\"150\" height=\"137\" \/>A pronoun stands in the place of a noun. Because a pronoun is replacing a noun, its meaning is dependent on the noun that it is replacing. This noun\u00a0is called the\u00a0<strong>antecedent<\/strong>. Let's look at the two sentences we just read again:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Because a pronoun is replacing a noun, <strong>its<\/strong> meaning is dependent on the noun that <strong>it<\/strong>\u00a0is replacing. This noun is\u00a0called an\u00a0<strong>antecedent<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\nThere are two\u00a0pronouns here:\u00a0<em>its <\/em>and\u00a0<em>it<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Its<\/em> and\u00a0<em>it<\/em>\u00a0both have the same antecedent: \"a pronoun.\" Whenever you use a pronoun,\u00a0you must also include its antecedent. Without the antecedent, your readers (or listeners) won't be able to figure out what the pronoun is referring to. Let's look at a couple of examples:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Jason likes it\u00a0when\u00a0people look to him for leadership.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Trini\u00a0brushes her hair every morning.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Billy often has to clean his glasses.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kimberly is a gymnast. She has earned several medals in different competitions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSo, what are the antecedents and pronouns in these sentences?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Jason<\/em> is the antecedent for the pronoun <em>him<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Trini<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>her<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Billy<\/em> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>his<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Kimberly<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun <em>she<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the antecedent in the following\u00a0examples:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The bus is twenty minutes late today, like it always is.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I would never be caught dead wearing boot sandals. They are an affront to nature.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"554891\"]<strong>Click to Show Answer<\/strong>[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"554891\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>The bus<\/strong>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>it<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>boot sandals <\/strong> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>they<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThere are several types of pronouns, including\u00a0personal, demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns. Let's discuss each of these types.\r\n<h2>Personal Pronouns<\/h2>\r\nThe following sentences give examples of particular types of pronouns used with antecedents:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Third-person personal pronouns:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><b>That poor man<\/b> looks as if <b>he<\/b> needs a new coat. (the noun phrase <em>that poor man<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>he<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>Kat<\/b>\u00a0arrived yesterday. I met <b>her<\/b> at the station. (<em>Kat<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of <em>her<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When <b>they<\/b> saw us, <b>the lions<\/b> began roaring (<em>the lions<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>they<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other personal pronouns in some circumstances:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><b>Adam\u00a0and I<\/b> were hoping no-one would find <b>us<\/b>. (<em>Adam\u00a0and I<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>us<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>You and Aisha<\/b>\u00a0can come if <b>you<\/b> like. (<em>you and Aisha<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of the second, plural,\u00a0<em>you<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reflexive pronouns:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><b>Jason<\/b>\u00a0hurt <b>himself<\/b>. (<em>Jason<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of <em>himself<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>We<\/b> were teasing <b>each other<\/b>. (<em>we<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>each other<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/Zoh8XpfcF-c\r\n<h2>Demonstrative Pronouns<\/h2>\r\nDemonstrative pronouns substitute for things being pointed out. They\u00a0include\u00a0<em>this<\/em>,\u00a0<em>that<\/em>, <em>these<\/em>, and <em>those<\/em>. <em>This<\/em>\u00a0and <em>that<\/em>\u00a0are singular;\u00a0<em>these\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> are plural.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-2295 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/21152833\/Screen-Shot-2016-06-21-at-11.26.19-AM-300x276.png\" alt=\"Icon of two location symbols connected by dotted line\" width=\"77\" height=\"71\" \/>The difference between\u00a0<em>this<\/em> and\u00a0<em>that<\/em> and between\u00a0<em>these<\/em> and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> is a little more subtle.\u00a0<em>This<\/em> and\u00a0<em>these<\/em> refer to something that is \"close\" to the speaker, whether this closeness is physical, emotional, or temporal.\u00a0<em>That<\/em> and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> are the opposite: they refer to something that is \"far.\"\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Do I actually have to read all of <em>this<\/em>?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The speaker is indicating a text that is close to her, by using \"this.\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>That<\/em>\u00a0is not coming anywhere near me.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The speaker is distancing himself from the object in question, which he doesn't want to get any closer. The far pronoun helps indicate that.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You're telling me you sewed all of <em>these<\/em>?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The speaker and her audience are likely looking directly at the clothes in question, so the close pronoun is appropriate.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Those\u00a0<\/em>are all gross.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The speaker wants to remain away from the gross items in question, by using the far \"those.\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:<\/strong> these pronouns\u00a0are often combined with a noun (when this happens, they act as a kind of adjective instead of a pronoun).\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Do I actually have to read all of<em> this\u00a0<\/em>contract?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>That<\/em> thing is not coming anywhere near me.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You're telling me you sewed all of <em>these<\/em> dresses?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Those<\/em>\u00a0recipes are all gross.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe antecedents of\u00a0demonstrative\u00a0pronouns can be\u00a0more complex than those of\u00a0personal pronouns:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Animal Planet's\u00a0puppy cam has been taken down for maintenance.<\/strong> I never wanted <em>this<\/em> to happen.<\/p>\r\nThe antecedent for\u00a0<em>this<\/em> is the concept of the puppy cam being taken down.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0The pronoun\u00a0<em>it<\/em> can also have more complex antecedents:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">I love Animal Planet's panda cam. <strong>I watched a panda eat bamboo for half an hour.<\/strong>\u00a0<em>It<\/em>\u00a0was amazing.<\/p>\r\nThe antecedent for\u00a0<em>it<\/em>\u00a0in this sentence is the experience of watching the panda. That antecedent isn't explicitly stated in the sentence, but comes through in the intention and meaning of the speaker.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nRead each sentence pair. The pronouns have been bolded. Identify the antecedent.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>I can see forty bracelets. Are you telling me you made all of<strong> these<\/strong>?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I can't get rid of my country-shaped mugs. Tommy\u00a0gave <strong>those<\/strong> to me for my birthday!<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have I seen\u00a0the video of\u00a0a skateboard-riding bulldog?\u00a0I showed <strong>that<\/strong> to you\u00a0last week!<\/li>\r\n \t<li>He's been talking for over two hours.\u00a0<strong>This <\/strong>is unbearable.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"727295\"]<strong>Click to Show Answer<\/strong>[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"727295\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The antecedent is\u00a0<em>forty bracelets<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The antecedent is\u00a0<em>country-shaped mugs<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The antecedent is\u00a0<em>the video of a skateboard-riding bulldog<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The antecedent is the experience of him talking for over two hours.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Indefinite Pronouns<\/h2>\r\nIndefinite pronouns, the largest group of pronouns, refer to one or more unspecified persons or things,\u00a0for example: <i><b>Anyone<\/b> can do that.<\/i>\u00a0The\u00a0table below shows the most common indefinite pronouns:\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>anybody<\/td>\r\n<td>anyone<\/td>\r\n<td>anything<\/td>\r\n<td>each<\/td>\r\n<td>either<\/td>\r\n<td>every<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>everybody<\/td>\r\n<td>everyone<\/td>\r\n<td>everything<\/td>\r\n<td>neither<\/td>\r\n<td>no one<\/td>\r\n<td>nobody<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nothing<\/td>\r\n<td>one<\/td>\r\n<td>somebody<\/td>\r\n<td>someone<\/td>\r\n<td>something<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThese pronouns can be\u00a0used in a couple of different ways:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>They can\u00a0refer to members of a group separately rather than collectively. (<i>To <b>each<\/b> his or her own.<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>They can\u00a0indicate the non-existence of people or things. (<i><b>Nobody<\/b> thinks that.<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>They can\u00a0refer to a person, but are not specific as to first, second or third person in the way that the personal pronouns are. (<i><b>One<\/b> does not clean <b>one's<\/b> own windows.<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPlease note that\u00a0all of these pronouns are singular. Look back at the example \"To\u00a0<strong>each<\/strong> his or her own.\" Saying \"To each their own\" would be incorrect, since <em>their<\/em> is a plural pronoun and <em>each\u00a0<\/em>is singular.\u00a0We'll discuss this in further depth in <a href=\".\/chapter\/text-antecedent-agreement-4-2-4\/\" target=\"_blank\">Text:\u00a0Antecedent Agreement<\/a>.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:<\/strong> Sometimes\u00a0third-person personal pronouns are sometimes used without antecedents\u2014this applies to special uses such as dummy pronouns and generic <i>they<\/i>, as well as cases where the referent is implied by the context.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>You know what\u00a0<em>they<\/em> say.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>It's<\/em> a nice day today.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2><div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1TyvGFsz2VP2u7V_EjcWrPU_Um8qsXwFUKeOhcPoDg1w\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a>","rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2297\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/21153634\/Screen-Shot-2016-06-21-at-11.36.04-AM-300x273.png\" alt=\"Icon of two squares, one solid and one dotted line, connected by two curved arrows\" width=\"150\" height=\"137\" \/>A pronoun stands in the place of a noun. Because a pronoun is replacing a noun, its meaning is dependent on the noun that it is replacing. This noun\u00a0is called the\u00a0<strong>antecedent<\/strong>. Let&#8217;s look at the two sentences we just read again:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Because a pronoun is replacing a noun, <strong>its<\/strong> meaning is dependent on the noun that <strong>it<\/strong>\u00a0is replacing. This noun is\u00a0called an\u00a0<strong>antecedent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>There are two\u00a0pronouns here:\u00a0<em>its <\/em>and\u00a0<em>it<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Its<\/em> and\u00a0<em>it<\/em>\u00a0both have the same antecedent: &#8220;a pronoun.&#8221; Whenever you use a pronoun,\u00a0you must also include its antecedent. Without the antecedent, your readers (or listeners) won&#8217;t be able to figure out what the pronoun is referring to. Let&#8217;s look at a couple of examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jason likes it\u00a0when\u00a0people look to him for leadership.<\/li>\n<li>Trini\u00a0brushes her hair every morning.<\/li>\n<li>Billy often has to clean his glasses.<\/li>\n<li>Kimberly is a gymnast. She has earned several medals in different competitions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, what are the antecedents and pronouns in these sentences?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Jason<\/em> is the antecedent for the pronoun <em>him<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Trini<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>her<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Billy<\/em> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>his<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Kimberly<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun <em>she<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Identify the antecedent in the following\u00a0examples:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The bus is twenty minutes late today, like it always is.<\/li>\n<li>I would never be caught dead wearing boot sandals. They are an affront to nature.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q554891\"><strong>Click to Show Answer<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q554891\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>The bus<\/strong>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>it<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>boot sandals <\/strong> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>they<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are several types of pronouns, including\u00a0personal, demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns. Let&#8217;s discuss each of these types.<\/p>\n<h2>Personal Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>The following sentences give examples of particular types of pronouns used with antecedents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Third-person personal pronouns:\n<ul>\n<li><b>That poor man<\/b> looks as if <b>he<\/b> needs a new coat. (the noun phrase <em>that poor man<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>he<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><b>Kat<\/b>\u00a0arrived yesterday. I met <b>her<\/b> at the station. (<em>Kat<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of <em>her<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>When <b>they<\/b> saw us, <b>the lions<\/b> began roaring (<em>the lions<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>they<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Other personal pronouns in some circumstances:\n<ul>\n<li><b>Adam\u00a0and I<\/b> were hoping no-one would find <b>us<\/b>. (<em>Adam\u00a0and I<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>us<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><b>You and Aisha<\/b>\u00a0can come if <b>you<\/b> like. (<em>you and Aisha<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of the second, plural,\u00a0<em>you<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Reflexive pronouns:\n<ul>\n<li><b>Jason<\/b>\u00a0hurt <b>himself<\/b>. (<em>Jason<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of <em>himself<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><b>We<\/b> were teasing <b>each other<\/b>. (<em>we<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>each other<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Reflexive pronouns | The parts of speech | Grammar | Khan Academy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Zoh8XpfcF-c?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Demonstrative Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>Demonstrative pronouns substitute for things being pointed out. They\u00a0include\u00a0<em>this<\/em>,\u00a0<em>that<\/em>, <em>these<\/em>, and <em>those<\/em>. <em>This<\/em>\u00a0and <em>that<\/em>\u00a0are singular;\u00a0<em>these\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> are plural.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2295 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/21152833\/Screen-Shot-2016-06-21-at-11.26.19-AM-300x276.png\" alt=\"Icon of two location symbols connected by dotted line\" width=\"77\" height=\"71\" \/>The difference between\u00a0<em>this<\/em> and\u00a0<em>that<\/em> and between\u00a0<em>these<\/em> and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> is a little more subtle.\u00a0<em>This<\/em> and\u00a0<em>these<\/em> refer to something that is &#8220;close&#8221; to the speaker, whether this closeness is physical, emotional, or temporal.\u00a0<em>That<\/em> and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> are the opposite: they refer to something that is &#8220;far.&#8221;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do I actually have to read all of <em>this<\/em>?\n<ul>\n<li>The speaker is indicating a text that is close to her, by using &#8220;this.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>That<\/em>\u00a0is not coming anywhere near me.\n<ul>\n<li>The speaker is distancing himself from the object in question, which he doesn&#8217;t want to get any closer. The far pronoun helps indicate that.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>You&#8217;re telling me you sewed all of <em>these<\/em>?\n<ul>\n<li>The speaker and her audience are likely looking directly at the clothes in question, so the close pronoun is appropriate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Those\u00a0<\/em>are all gross.\n<ul>\n<li>The speaker wants to remain away from the gross items in question, by using the far &#8220;those.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> these pronouns\u00a0are often combined with a noun (when this happens, they act as a kind of adjective instead of a pronoun).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do I actually have to read all of<em> this\u00a0<\/em>contract?<\/li>\n<li><em>That<\/em> thing is not coming anywhere near me.<\/li>\n<li>You&#8217;re telling me you sewed all of <em>these<\/em> dresses?<\/li>\n<li><em>Those<\/em>\u00a0recipes are all gross.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The antecedents of\u00a0demonstrative\u00a0pronouns can be\u00a0more complex than those of\u00a0personal pronouns:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Animal Planet&#8217;s\u00a0puppy cam has been taken down for maintenance.<\/strong> I never wanted <em>this<\/em> to happen.<\/p>\n<p>The antecedent for\u00a0<em>this<\/em> is the concept of the puppy cam being taken down.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0The pronoun\u00a0<em>it<\/em> can also have more complex antecedents:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">I love Animal Planet&#8217;s panda cam. <strong>I watched a panda eat bamboo for half an hour.<\/strong>\u00a0<em>It<\/em>\u00a0was amazing.<\/p>\n<p>The antecedent for\u00a0<em>it<\/em>\u00a0in this sentence is the experience of watching the panda. That antecedent isn&#8217;t explicitly stated in the sentence, but comes through in the intention and meaning of the speaker.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Read each sentence pair. The pronouns have been bolded. Identify the antecedent.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>I can see forty bracelets. Are you telling me you made all of<strong> these<\/strong>?<\/li>\n<li>I can&#8217;t get rid of my country-shaped mugs. Tommy\u00a0gave <strong>those<\/strong> to me for my birthday!<\/li>\n<li>Have I seen\u00a0the video of\u00a0a skateboard-riding bulldog?\u00a0I showed <strong>that<\/strong> to you\u00a0last week!<\/li>\n<li>He&#8217;s been talking for over two hours.\u00a0<strong>This <\/strong>is unbearable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q727295\"><strong>Click to Show Answer<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q727295\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>The antecedent is\u00a0<em>forty bracelets<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>The antecedent is\u00a0<em>country-shaped mugs<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>The antecedent is\u00a0<em>the video of a skateboard-riding bulldog<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>The antecedent is the experience of him talking for over two hours.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Indefinite Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>Indefinite pronouns, the largest group of pronouns, refer to one or more unspecified persons or things,\u00a0for example: <i><b>Anyone<\/b> can do that.<\/i>\u00a0The\u00a0table below shows the most common indefinite pronouns:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>anybody<\/td>\n<td>anyone<\/td>\n<td>anything<\/td>\n<td>each<\/td>\n<td>either<\/td>\n<td>every<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>everybody<\/td>\n<td>everyone<\/td>\n<td>everything<\/td>\n<td>neither<\/td>\n<td>no one<\/td>\n<td>nobody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nothing<\/td>\n<td>one<\/td>\n<td>somebody<\/td>\n<td>someone<\/td>\n<td>something<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>These pronouns can be\u00a0used in a couple of different ways:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They can\u00a0refer to members of a group separately rather than collectively. (<i>To <b>each<\/b> his or her own.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>They can\u00a0indicate the non-existence of people or things. (<i><b>Nobody<\/b> thinks that.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>They can\u00a0refer to a person, but are not specific as to first, second or third person in the way that the personal pronouns are. (<i><b>One<\/b> does not clean <b>one&#8217;s<\/b> own windows.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Please note that\u00a0all of these pronouns are singular. Look back at the example &#8220;To\u00a0<strong>each<\/strong> his or her own.&#8221; Saying &#8220;To each their own&#8221; would be incorrect, since <em>their<\/em> is a plural pronoun and <em>each\u00a0<\/em>is singular.\u00a0We&#8217;ll discuss this in further depth in <a href=\".\/chapter\/text-antecedent-agreement-4-2-4\/\" target=\"_blank\">Text:\u00a0Antecedent Agreement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Sometimes\u00a0third-person personal pronouns are sometimes used without antecedents\u2014this applies to special uses such as dummy pronouns and generic <i>they<\/i>, as well as cases where the referent is implied by the context.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You know what\u00a0<em>they<\/em> say.<\/li>\n<li><em>It&#8217;s<\/em> a nice day today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1TyvGFsz2VP2u7V_EjcWrPU_Um8qsXwFUKeOhcPoDg1w\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1081\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Text: Demonstrative Pronouns. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Pronouns. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pronoun\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pronoun<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David McMurrey. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html\">https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Reflexive pronouns. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David Rheinstrom. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Khan Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-pronoun\/v\/reflexive-pronouns-the-parts-of-speech-grammar\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-pronoun\/v\/reflexive-pronouns-the-parts-of-speech-grammar<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of location icons. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: icon 54. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Noun Project. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=far&#038;i=223118\">https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=far&#038;i=223118<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of two squares. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Didzis Gruznovs. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Noun Project. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=replace&#038;i=201238\">https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=replace&#038;i=201238<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Pronouns\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pronoun\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence\",\"author\":\"David McMurrey\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and Adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Reflexive pronouns\",\"author\":\"David Rheinstrom\",\"organization\":\"Khan 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