{"id":1835,"date":"2016-05-09T20:30:36","date_gmt":"2016-05-09T20:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1835"},"modified":"2016-07-15T20:03:57","modified_gmt":"2016-07-15T20:03:57","slug":"text-irregular-plural-nouns","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/chapter\/text-irregular-plural-nouns\/","title":{"raw":"Text: Irregular Plural Nouns","rendered":"Text: Irregular Plural Nouns"},"content":{"raw":"<strong><img class=\"alignright wp-image-2291\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/21145227\/Screen-Shot-2016-06-21-at-10.52.04-AM-300x186.png\" alt=\"Icon of 9 geese flying in a V formation\" width=\"243\" height=\"150\" \/>Irregular plurals<\/strong>, unlike regular plurals,\u00a0don't necessarily follow any pattern, and require a lot of memorization. Mastering this type of pluralization uses a different region\u00a0of your\u00a0brain than regular pluralization, meaning it's an entirely different skill set than regular pluralization. So don't get too frustrated if you can't remember the correct plural. If you're ever in doubt, the dictionary is there for you.\r\n<h2>No Change (Base Plurals)<\/h2>\r\nIn some\u00a0words, the singular form is used for both singular and plural.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>fish<\/li>\r\n \t<li>deer<\/li>\r\n \t<li>sheep<\/li>\r\n \t<li>offspring<\/li>\r\n \t<li>series<\/li>\r\n \t<li>species<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Mid-Word Vowel Change<\/h2>\r\nIn a few words, the mid-word vowels are changed to form the plural. This video\u00a0lists all seven of these words and their plurals.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/VdLOP9teko4\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> The plural for a computer mouse (as opposed to the fuzzy animal) can either be <em>mice<\/em> or <em>mouses<\/em>. Some people prefer\u00a0<em>mouses<\/em> as it creates some differentiation between the two words.<\/div>\r\n<h2>Plural -<em>en<\/em><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>child\u00a0\u2192 children<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ox\u00a0\u2192 oxen<\/li>\r\n \t<li>brother\u00a0\u2192 brethren<\/li>\r\n \t<li>sister\u00a0\u2192 sistren<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Brethren<\/em>\u00a0and <em>sistren<\/em>\u00a0are\u00a0antiquated terms that you're unlikely to run into in your life; however, since these are the only four words in English that use this plural, all four have been included above.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nWhat are the correct plurals for the following words?\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Singular<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Plural<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Singular<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Plural<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>goose<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>moose<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>fish<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>child<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>man<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>tooth<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"245006\"]<strong>Click to Show Answer<\/strong>[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"245006\"]\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Singular<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Plural<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Singular<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Plural<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>goose<\/td>\r\n<td><em>geese<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>moose<\/td>\r\n<td><em>moose<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>fish<\/td>\r\n<td><em>fish<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>child<\/td>\r\n<td><em>children<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>man<\/td>\r\n<td><em>men<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>tooth<\/td>\r\n<td><em>teeth<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Borrowed Words -<em>i<\/em>, -<em>en<\/em>, -<em>a<\/em>, -<em>es<\/em>, -<em>ae<\/em><\/h2>\r\nIn words borrowed from Latin and Greek, the plural from the original language is used.\r\n<h3>Singular -<em>us<\/em>; Plural -<em>i<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>cactus\u00a0\u2192 cacti<\/li>\r\n \t<li>fungus\u00a0\u2192 fungi<\/li>\r\n \t<li>syllabus\u00a0\u2192 syllabi<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn informal speech, <em>cactuses<\/em>\u00a0and <em>funguses<\/em>\u00a0are acceptable.\u00a0<em>Octopuses<\/em> is preferred to\u00a0<em>octopi<\/em>, but\u00a0<em>octopi<\/em> is an accepted word.\r\n<h3>Singular\u00a0<em>-a<\/em>; Plural -<em>ae<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>formula\u00a0\u2192 formulae (sometimes\u00a0<em>formulas<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>vertebra\u00a0\u2192 vertebrae<\/li>\r\n \t<li>larva\u00a0\u2192 larvae<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Singular -<em>ix<\/em>, -<em>ex<\/em>; Plural -<em>ices<\/em>, -<em>es<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>appendix\u00a0\u2192 appendices (sometimes <em>appendixes<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>index\u00a0\u2192 indices<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Singular -<em>on<\/em>,\u00a0-<em>um<\/em>;\u00a0Plural -<em>a<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>criterion \u2192 criteria<\/li>\r\n \t<li>bacterium \u2192 bacteria<\/li>\r\n \t<li>medium\u00a0\u2192 media<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Singular -<em>is<\/em>; Plural -<em>es<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>analysis\u00a0\u2192 analyses<\/li>\r\n \t<li>crisis\u00a0\u2192 crises<\/li>\r\n \t<li>thesis\u00a0\u2192 theses<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nWhat are the correct plurals for the following words?\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Singular<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Plural<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Singular<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Plural<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>memorandum<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>emphasis<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>focus<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>basis<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nucleus<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>phenomenon<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>appendix<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>curriculum<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>parenthesis<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>hypothesis<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>stimulus<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<td>vertebra<\/td>\r\n<td>[practice-area rows=\"1\"][\/practice-area]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"245005\"]<strong>Click to Show Answer<\/strong>[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"245005\"]\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Singular<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Plural<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Singular<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"25%\">Plural<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>memorandum<\/td>\r\n<td><em>memoranda<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>emphasis<\/td>\r\n<td><em>emphases<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>focus<\/td>\r\n<td><em>foci<\/em> (<em>focuses<\/em> is also acceptable)<\/td>\r\n<td>basis<\/td>\r\n<td><em>bases<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nucleus<\/td>\r\n<td><em>nuclei<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>phenomenon<\/td>\r\n<td><em>phenomena<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>appendix<\/td>\r\n<td><em>appendices<\/em> (<em>appendixes<\/em> is also acceptable)<\/td>\r\n<td>curriculum<\/td>\r\n<td><em>curricula<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>parenthesis<\/td>\r\n<td><em>parentheses<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>hypothesis<\/td>\r\n<td><em>hypotheses<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>stimulus<\/td>\r\n<td><em>stimuli<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>vertebra<\/td>\r\n<td><em>vertebrae<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2><div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1I4CqlB7yZt6QWA8ZTJzlbSVFc-PM8u_roA5MoaZy6KY\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a>","rendered":"<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2291\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/21145227\/Screen-Shot-2016-06-21-at-10.52.04-AM-300x186.png\" alt=\"Icon of 9 geese flying in a V formation\" width=\"243\" height=\"150\" \/>Irregular plurals<\/strong>, unlike regular plurals,\u00a0don&#8217;t necessarily follow any pattern, and require a lot of memorization. Mastering this type of pluralization uses a different region\u00a0of your\u00a0brain than regular pluralization, meaning it&#8217;s an entirely different skill set than regular pluralization. So don&#8217;t get too frustrated if you can&#8217;t remember the correct plural. If you&#8217;re ever in doubt, the dictionary is there for you.<\/p>\n<h2>No Change (Base Plurals)<\/h2>\n<p>In some\u00a0words, the singular form is used for both singular and plural.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fish<\/li>\n<li>deer<\/li>\n<li>sheep<\/li>\n<li>offspring<\/li>\n<li>series<\/li>\n<li>species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Mid-Word Vowel Change<\/h2>\n<p>In a few words, the mid-word vowels are changed to form the plural. This video\u00a0lists all seven of these words and their plurals.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Irregular plural nouns | the MUTANT PLURALS | Grammar | Khan Academy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VdLOP9teko4?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> The plural for a computer mouse (as opposed to the fuzzy animal) can either be <em>mice<\/em> or <em>mouses<\/em>. Some people prefer\u00a0<em>mouses<\/em> as it creates some differentiation between the two words.<\/div>\n<h2>Plural &#8211;<em>en<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>child\u00a0\u2192 children<\/li>\n<li>ox\u00a0\u2192 oxen<\/li>\n<li>brother\u00a0\u2192 brethren<\/li>\n<li>sister\u00a0\u2192 sistren<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Brethren<\/em>\u00a0and <em>sistren<\/em>\u00a0are\u00a0antiquated terms that you&#8217;re unlikely to run into in your life; however, since these are the only four words in English that use this plural, all four have been included above.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>What are the correct plurals for the following words?<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Singular<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Plural<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Singular<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Plural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>goose<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>moose<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>fish<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>child<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>man<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>tooth<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q245006\"><strong>Click to Show Answer<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q245006\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Singular<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Plural<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Singular<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Plural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>goose<\/td>\n<td><em>geese<\/em><\/td>\n<td>moose<\/td>\n<td><em>moose<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>fish<\/td>\n<td><em>fish<\/em><\/td>\n<td>child<\/td>\n<td><em>children<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>man<\/td>\n<td><em>men<\/em><\/td>\n<td>tooth<\/td>\n<td><em>teeth<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Borrowed Words &#8211;<em>i<\/em>, &#8211;<em>en<\/em>, &#8211;<em>a<\/em>, &#8211;<em>es<\/em>, &#8211;<em>ae<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>In words borrowed from Latin and Greek, the plural from the original language is used.<\/p>\n<h3>Singular &#8211;<em>us<\/em>; Plural &#8211;<em>i<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>cactus\u00a0\u2192 cacti<\/li>\n<li>fungus\u00a0\u2192 fungi<\/li>\n<li>syllabus\u00a0\u2192 syllabi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In informal speech, <em>cactuses<\/em>\u00a0and <em>funguses<\/em>\u00a0are acceptable.\u00a0<em>Octopuses<\/em> is preferred to\u00a0<em>octopi<\/em>, but\u00a0<em>octopi<\/em> is an accepted word.<\/p>\n<h3>Singular\u00a0<em>-a<\/em>; Plural &#8211;<em>ae<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>formula\u00a0\u2192 formulae (sometimes\u00a0<em>formulas<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>vertebra\u00a0\u2192 vertebrae<\/li>\n<li>larva\u00a0\u2192 larvae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Singular &#8211;<em>ix<\/em>, &#8211;<em>ex<\/em>; Plural &#8211;<em>ices<\/em>, &#8211;<em>es<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>appendix\u00a0\u2192 appendices (sometimes <em>appendixes<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>index\u00a0\u2192 indices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Singular &#8211;<em>on<\/em>,\u00a0&#8211;<em>um<\/em>;\u00a0Plural &#8211;<em>a<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>criterion \u2192 criteria<\/li>\n<li>bacterium \u2192 bacteria<\/li>\n<li>medium\u00a0\u2192 media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Singular &#8211;<em>is<\/em>; Plural &#8211;<em>es<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>analysis\u00a0\u2192 analyses<\/li>\n<li>crisis\u00a0\u2192 crises<\/li>\n<li>thesis\u00a0\u2192 theses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>What are the correct plurals for the following words?<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Singular<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Plural<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Singular<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Plural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>memorandum<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>emphasis<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>focus<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>basis<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nucleus<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>phenomenon<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>appendix<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>curriculum<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>parenthesis<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>hypothesis<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>stimulus<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<td>vertebra<\/td>\n<td><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"1\"><\/textarea><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q245005\"><strong>Click to Show Answer<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q245005\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Singular<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Plural<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Singular<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\">Plural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>memorandum<\/td>\n<td><em>memoranda<\/em><\/td>\n<td>emphasis<\/td>\n<td><em>emphases<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>focus<\/td>\n<td><em>foci<\/em> (<em>focuses<\/em> is also acceptable)<\/td>\n<td>basis<\/td>\n<td><em>bases<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nucleus<\/td>\n<td><em>nuclei<\/em><\/td>\n<td>phenomenon<\/td>\n<td><em>phenomena<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>appendix<\/td>\n<td><em>appendices<\/em> (<em>appendixes<\/em> is also acceptable)<\/td>\n<td>curriculum<\/td>\n<td><em>curricula<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>parenthesis<\/td>\n<td><em>parentheses<\/em><\/td>\n<td>hypothesis<\/td>\n<td><em>hypotheses<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>stimulus<\/td>\n<td><em>stimuli<\/em><\/td>\n<td>vertebra<\/td>\n<td><em>vertebrae<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1I4CqlB7yZt6QWA8ZTJzlbSVFc-PM8u_roA5MoaZy6KY\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1835\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Irregular Plural Nouns. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Julie Sevastopoulos. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Grammar-Quizzes.com. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.grammar-quizzes.com\/agree1b.html\">http:\/\/www.grammar-quizzes.com\/agree1b.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Irregular plural nouns - the MUTANT PLURALS. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David Rheinstrom. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Khan Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/grammar-nouns\/v\/irregular-plural-nouns-part-iv-the-parts-of-speech-grammar\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/grammar-nouns\/v\/irregular-plural-nouns-part-iv-the-parts-of-speech-grammar<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of geese. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Sarah JOY. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Noun Project. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=geese&#038;i=334679\">https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=geese&#038;i=334679<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Irregular Plural Nouns\",\"author\":\"Julie Sevastopoulos\",\"organization\":\"Grammar-Quizzes.com\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.grammar-quizzes.com\/agree1b.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Irregular plural nouns - 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