{"id":398,"date":"2016-03-31T17:56:31","date_gmt":"2016-03-31T17:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=398"},"modified":"2018-10-06T20:34:36","modified_gmt":"2018-10-06T20:34:36","slug":"outcome-finding-evidence","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/chapter\/outcome-finding-evidence\/","title":{"raw":"Outcome: Finding Evidence","rendered":"Outcome: Finding Evidence"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Identify Activities to Find Evidence in Support of a Claim<img class=\"wp-image-2050 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/07175753\/Evidence-1.png\" alt=\"Graphic titled Evidence. Bullet list: Personal Experience, Outside Research, Quote, Paraphrase, Summarize. All is in a teal circle bordered by gray arrows.\" width=\"369\" height=\"350\" \/><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Watch this clip from the TV show <em>Mythbusters<\/em>. It presents a common <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\">: that the U.S. government perpetrated a conspiracy to fake the moon landing in 1969.<\/span><\/p>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/9JbaM1xNIis\r\n\r\n(The video has an instrumental soundtrack but no voice-over.)\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> for the Moon Landing Hoax depends upon two pieces of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\">: the flag was waving when there should be no wind; and the sun did not cast parallel shadows, as it apparently should have. How did you react to this <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\">?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">If you are like most people, you reacted with skepticism. Did the picture alone convince you that the shadows were wrong? Is it possible that the shadows were actually parallel, and that the photograph was simply unclear? Could you tell that the flag\u2019s movement was caused by the wind on the moon, or could the astronaut have been moving the flagpole? Did you even know that flags are not supposed to flap on the moon?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Even if you offer \u201chard\u201d facts like photographs or smoking guns as <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, your readers will not find your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> convincing unless you show that these facts actually support your claims. You should provide as <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> not only <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reliable<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> facts\u2014facts drawn from sources your readers trust\u2014but also the right kinds of facts\u2014facts that are directly relevant to your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">claim<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> and appropriate to the kind of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> you are making. If you can\u2019t do this, you may have to make an additional <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> showing that your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> is relevant, <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reliable<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, and connected to your claims. If you can\u2019t show this, you shouldn\u2019t expect your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> to persuade your readers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">For these <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reasons<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, the <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> presented in the Moon Landing Hoax clip is not convincing. No source is listed for the information given; we cannot be sure that these are the most <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reliable<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> photographs and video footage available. The <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> is also unexplained. In short, the <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> here does not prove that the moon landing was a hoax\u2014but it may accomplish the ad's goal, which is to provide just enough <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> to get us to watch the show.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">The following section will address how to supply evidence that is convincing, and supportable, as part of your academic writing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\">What You Will Learn to Do<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>identify experience or examples from personal life as they relate to the topic<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify strategies for preliminary research on the topic<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify strategies for synthesis of research and personal ideas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify effective techniques for quoting a source<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify effective techniques for paraphrasing a source<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify effective techniques for summarizing a source<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2><div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1CuaPV_oKTEL7zXpAdwRWx6RKVoLijE1JrATVea9-QBA\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a>","rendered":"<h2>Identify Activities to Find Evidence in Support of a Claim<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2050 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/07175753\/Evidence-1.png\" alt=\"Graphic titled Evidence. Bullet list: Personal Experience, Outside Research, Quote, Paraphrase, Summarize. All is in a teal circle bordered by gray arrows.\" width=\"369\" height=\"350\" \/><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Watch this clip from the TV show <em>Mythbusters<\/em>. It presents a common <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\">: that the U.S. government perpetrated a conspiracy to fake the moon landing in 1969.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"MythBusters - Moon Hoax\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9JbaM1xNIis?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>(The video has an instrumental soundtrack but no voice-over.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> for the Moon Landing Hoax depends upon two pieces of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\">: the flag was waving when there should be no wind; and the sun did not cast parallel shadows, as it apparently should have. How did you react to this <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">If you are like most people, you reacted with skepticism. Did the picture alone convince you that the shadows were wrong? Is it possible that the shadows were actually parallel, and that the photograph was simply unclear? Could you tell that the flag\u2019s movement was caused by the wind on the moon, or could the astronaut have been moving the flagpole? Did you even know that flags are not supposed to flap on the moon?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Even if you offer \u201chard\u201d facts like photographs or smoking guns as <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, your readers will not find your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> convincing unless you show that these facts actually support your claims. You should provide as <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> not only <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reliable<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> facts\u2014facts drawn from sources your readers trust\u2014but also the right kinds of facts\u2014facts that are directly relevant to your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">claim<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> and appropriate to the kind of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> you are making. If you can\u2019t do this, you may have to make an additional <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> showing that your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> is relevant, <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reliable<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, and connected to your claims. If you can\u2019t show this, you shouldn\u2019t expect your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> to persuade your readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">For these <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reasons<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, the <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> presented in the Moon Landing Hoax clip is not convincing. No source is listed for the information given; we cannot be sure that these are the most <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reliable<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> photographs and video footage available. The <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> is also unexplained. In short, the <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> here does not prove that the moon landing was a hoax\u2014but it may accomplish the ad&#8217;s goal, which is to provide just enough <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> to get us to watch the show.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The following section will address how to supply evidence that is convincing, and supportable, as part of your academic writing.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">What You Will Learn to Do<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>identify experience or examples from personal life as they relate to the topic<\/li>\n<li>identify strategies for preliminary research on the topic<\/li>\n<li>identify strategies for synthesis of research and personal ideas<\/li>\n<li>identify effective techniques for quoting a source<\/li>\n<li>identify effective techniques for paraphrasing a source<\/li>\n<li>identify effective techniques for summarizing a source<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1CuaPV_oKTEL7zXpAdwRWx6RKVoLijE1JrATVea9-QBA\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-398\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of Evidence. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Kim Louie for Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>What Counts as Evidence. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Grounds for Argument. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.groundsforargument.org\/drupal\/evidence\/what-counts\/LRSintheWild\">http:\/\/www.groundsforargument.org\/drupal\/evidence\/what-counts\/LRSintheWild<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>MythBusters - Moon Hoax. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Discovery. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9JbaM1xNIis\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/9JbaM1xNIis<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"MythBusters - Moon Hoax\",\"author\":\"Discovery\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9JbaM1xNIis\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"What Counts as Evidence\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Grounds for Argument\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.groundsforargument.org\/drupal\/evidence\/what-counts\/LRSintheWild\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and Adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Image of Evidence\",\"author\":\"Kim Louie for Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"15515724-88a3-454f-8bc0-d7815f000197","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-398","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":19,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3045,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/398\/revisions\/3045"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/19"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/398\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=398"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=398"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}