{"id":570,"date":"2016-04-05T18:35:34","date_gmt":"2016-04-05T18:35:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=570"},"modified":"2016-07-15T18:03:21","modified_gmt":"2016-07-15T18:03:21","slug":"text-when-to-quote-paraphrase-or-summarize-a-source","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/chapter\/text-when-to-quote-paraphrase-or-summarize-a-source\/","title":{"raw":"Text: When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize a Source","rendered":"Text: When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize a Source"},"content":{"raw":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">When you present <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> from a source, you have three options:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-576 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/04\/05203117\/3269503162_a8fcdf19fb_z-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Looking over the shoulder of a woman writing on a white paper tablecloth with a red marker. &quot;accessibility to service&quot; can be seen near her pen; other less-legible phrases also appear. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/>Quote<\/b> the source by using its exact language with <\/span><span class=\"s2\">quotation<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> marks or in a block quotation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s2\"><b>Paraphrase<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> the source by restating a short passage in your own words.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Summarize<\/b> the source by restating its ideas in fewer words than the original.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Which option you choose depends on how much of a source you are using, how you are using it, and what kind of paper you are writing, since different fields use sources in different ways. You have to decide each case individually, but here are some general guidelines:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>If it\u2019s long, summarize.<\/b> If a passage is more than a paragraph or two, summarize it. Never quote or paraphrase long passages.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Don\u2019t quote too much.<\/b> If you use many passages from sources, do not quote them all. Too many quotations will make readers wonder whether you have contributed any of your own ideas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>In the sciences and experimental social sciences, paraphrase and summarize.<\/b> In these fields, it\u2019s usually the results that matter, not the words used to report them.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>In the humanities and qualitative social sciences, quote only when the exact words matter.<\/b> If a passage from a source is your primary evidence, quote it (or, if it is too long, quote parts of it). If you address the exact words of a <\/span><span class=\"s2\">secondary source<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, quote them.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">NOTE: You must <b>always<\/b> cite the source of every quotation, paraphrase, and summary, both in your text and in your bibliography or works cited. If you fail to do so, even by accident, you open yourself to a charge of plagiarism.<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Quoting<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In general, do not quote a source unless its exact words matter to your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\">. You should think about quoting a source<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when the quoted words are your primary evidence (for instance, in an English paper you might quote from a novel; in a history paper you might quote from an official record; or in a sociology paper you might quote an informant)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when the passage raises an important <\/span><span class=\"s2\">objection<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> that you rebut, and you want to show that you are not misrepresenting it or taking it out of context<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when the words of a passage are original, odd, or otherwise too useful to lose in a paraphrase<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when a secondary source supports your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">claim<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> and is written by an important authority who will give your argument credibility<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Paraphrasing<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In a paraphrase, you restate a passage in your own words. You should think about paraphrasing a source<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when a source\u2019s ideas or information, but not its language, are important to your argument (for example, if the result of a study of earthworms supports your claim, but its exact language doesn\u2019t matter)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when you can state the ideas of a source more clearly or concisely than the original<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when a source uses technical terms that are unfamiliar to your readers<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when you use many passages from sources (so that you can avoid having too many quotations)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Summarizing<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In a summary, you report the main ideas in a passage in fewer words than the original. You should think about summarizing a source<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when a passage from a source is too long to quote or paraphrase<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when only the main ideas of a source are relevant to your argument (for example, if you want to address only the claim and <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reasons<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> in an argument, not its evidence or warrants)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when the details in a source might distract or confuse readers (for example, if a source raises issues that might interest your readers but are not relevant to your argument)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2><div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1hE_zBuU7BXd-mNoXcar2yeDN0PGb0iqP5x418fSuU0Q\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a>","rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">When you present <\/span><span class=\"s2\">evidence<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> from a source, you have three options:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-576 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/04\/05203117\/3269503162_a8fcdf19fb_z-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Looking over the shoulder of a woman writing on a white paper tablecloth with a red marker. &quot;accessibility to service&quot; can be seen near her pen; other less-legible phrases also appear.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/>Quote<\/b> the source by using its exact language with <\/span><span class=\"s2\">quotation<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> marks or in a block quotation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s2\"><b>Paraphrase<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> the source by restating a short passage in your own words.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Summarize<\/b> the source by restating its ideas in fewer words than the original.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">Which option you choose depends on how much of a source you are using, how you are using it, and what kind of paper you are writing, since different fields use sources in different ways. You have to decide each case individually, but here are some general guidelines:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>If it\u2019s long, summarize.<\/b> If a passage is more than a paragraph or two, summarize it. Never quote or paraphrase long passages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Don\u2019t quote too much.<\/b> If you use many passages from sources, do not quote them all. Too many quotations will make readers wonder whether you have contributed any of your own ideas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>In the sciences and experimental social sciences, paraphrase and summarize.<\/b> In these fields, it\u2019s usually the results that matter, not the words used to report them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>In the humanities and qualitative social sciences, quote only when the exact words matter.<\/b> If a passage from a source is your primary evidence, quote it (or, if it is too long, quote parts of it). If you address the exact words of a <\/span><span class=\"s2\">secondary source<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, quote them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">NOTE: You must <b>always<\/b> cite the source of every quotation, paraphrase, and summary, both in your text and in your bibliography or works cited. If you fail to do so, even by accident, you open yourself to a charge of plagiarism.<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Quoting<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In general, do not quote a source unless its exact words matter to your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">argument<\/span><span class=\"s1\">. You should think about quoting a source<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when the quoted words are your primary evidence (for instance, in an English paper you might quote from a novel; in a history paper you might quote from an official record; or in a sociology paper you might quote an informant)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when the passage raises an important <\/span><span class=\"s2\">objection<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> that you rebut, and you want to show that you are not misrepresenting it or taking it out of context<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when the words of a passage are original, odd, or otherwise too useful to lose in a paraphrase<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when a secondary source supports your <\/span><span class=\"s2\">claim<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> and is written by an important authority who will give your argument credibility<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Paraphrasing<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In a paraphrase, you restate a passage in your own words. You should think about paraphrasing a source<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when a source\u2019s ideas or information, but not its language, are important to your argument (for example, if the result of a study of earthworms supports your claim, but its exact language doesn\u2019t matter)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when you can state the ideas of a source more clearly or concisely than the original<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when a source uses technical terms that are unfamiliar to your readers<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when you use many passages from sources (so that you can avoid having too many quotations)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Summarizing<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In a summary, you report the main ideas in a passage in fewer words than the original. You should think about summarizing a source<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when a passage from a source is too long to quote or paraphrase<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when only the main ideas of a source are relevant to your argument (for example, if you want to address only the claim and <\/span><span class=\"s2\">reasons<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> in an argument, not its evidence or warrants)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">when the details in a source might distract or confuse readers (for example, if a source raises issues that might interest your readers but are not relevant to your argument)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1hE_zBuU7BXd-mNoXcar2yeDN0PGb0iqP5x418fSuU0Q\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\">Learn More<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-570\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize a Source. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Grounds for Argument. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.groundsforargument.org\/drupal\/?q=evidence\/sidebar\/whentoqps\">http:\/\/www.groundsforargument.org\/drupal\/?q=evidence\/sidebar\/whentoqps<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of person writing. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Iriss photo collection. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/5YV4ob\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/5YV4ob<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":18,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize a Source\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Grounds for Argument\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.groundsforargument.org\/drupal\/?q=evidence\/sidebar\/whentoqps\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of person writing\",\"author\":\"Iriss photo collection\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/5YV4ob\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and Adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"15515724-88a3-454f-8bc0-d7815f000197, eb495939-36f5-434a-a1c4-0596fe9d8c73, 4c275ca4-05c2-4728-8510-4ee1c50971f1, 259bf9be-cada-4db3-bf46-723f1299e383","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-570","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":19,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2742,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/570\/revisions\/2742"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/19"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/570\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=570"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=570"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english-gen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}