The following table shows the approximate data from Cohen & Janicki-Deverts (2012) which depicts the mean stress level scores among different demographic groups during the years 1983, 2006, and 2009. Across categories of sex, age, race, education level, employment status, and income, stress levels generally show a marked increase over this quarter-century time span.
| Group | 1983 | 2006 | 2009 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 12 | 14.25 | 15.25 |
| Women | 13.25 | 16 | 16 |
| Race: White | 12.75 | 15 | 15.75 |
| Race: Black | 14.75 | 16.25 | 15.5 |
| Race: Hispanic | 14 | 15.75 | 17 |
| Race: Other | 14 | 15.25 | 15.25 |
| Education: Less than High school | 14.25 | 17.25 | 19 |
| Education: High school | 13 | 16.25 | 16.25 |
| Education: Some College | 13 | 15.25 | 16 |
| Education: Bachelor’s Degree | 12 | 13.25 | 15 |
| Education: Advanced Degree | 11 | 13 | 14.5 |
| Employment: Full time employment | 12.25 | 15 | 16.25 |
| Employment: Part time employment | 14.25 | 16 | 15.25 |
| Employment: Unemployed | 14.25 | 16 | 15.25 |
| Employment: Retired | 11.75 | 11.5 | 12.25 |
| Income $25,000 or less | 15.5 | 17 | 17.75 |
| Income $25,001 to $35,000 | 14 | 16 | 16.75 |
| Income $35,001 to $50,000 | 12.75 | 15.25 | 16.25 |
| Income $50,001 to $75,000 | 12 | 14.75 | 15.25 |
| Income $75,001 or more | 12 | 13.5 | 14.75 |
