{"id":2322,"date":"2016-11-03T15:11:49","date_gmt":"2016-11-03T15:11:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2322"},"modified":"2024-05-17T02:43:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T02:43:46","slug":"outcome-operant-conditioning","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/chapter\/outcome-operant-conditioning\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Operant Conditioning","rendered":"Introduction to Operant Conditioning"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>What you'll learn to do: explain operant conditioning,\u00a0reinforcement, and punishment<\/h2>\r\nYou've already learned about classical conditioning, or conditioning by association. This section will focus on operant conditioning, which emphasizes reinforcement for behaviors. In operant conditioning, the motivation for a behavior happens <em data-effect=\"italics\">after<\/em> the behavior is demonstrated. An animal or a human receives a consequence (reinforcer or punisher) after performing a specific behavior. You'll learn that all types of reinforcement (positive or negative) <em data-effect=\"italics\">increase\u00a0<\/em>the likelihood of a behavioral response, while all types of punishment\u00a0<em data-effect=\"italics\">decrease<\/em>\u00a0the likelihood of a behavioral response.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch IT<\/h3>\r\nWatch this video for a review of classical conditioning and an introduction of operant conditioning to help you differentiate between the two types of learning.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/H6LEcM0E0io\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nYou can <a href=\"https:\/\/oerfiles.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Psychology\/Transcriptions\/TheDifferenceBetweenClassicalAndOperantConditioningPeggyAndover.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">view the transcript for \"The difference between classical and operant conditioning - Peggy Andover\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Define and give examples of operant conditioning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the difference between reinforcement and punishment (including positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Define shaping<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Differentiate between primary and secondary reinforcers<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Distinguish between reinforcement schedules<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2>What you&#8217;ll learn to do: explain operant conditioning,\u00a0reinforcement, and punishment<\/h2>\n<p>You&#8217;ve already learned about classical conditioning, or conditioning by association. This section will focus on operant conditioning, which emphasizes reinforcement for behaviors. In operant conditioning, the motivation for a behavior happens <em data-effect=\"italics\">after<\/em> the behavior is demonstrated. An animal or a human receives a consequence (reinforcer or punisher) after performing a specific behavior. You&#8217;ll learn that all types of reinforcement (positive or negative) <em data-effect=\"italics\">increase\u00a0<\/em>the likelihood of a behavioral response, while all types of punishment\u00a0<em data-effect=\"italics\">decrease<\/em>\u00a0the likelihood of a behavioral response.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch IT<\/h3>\n<p>Watch this video for a review of classical conditioning and an introduction of operant conditioning to help you differentiate between the two types of learning.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/H6LEcM0E0io\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can <a href=\"https:\/\/oerfiles.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Psychology\/Transcriptions\/TheDifferenceBetweenClassicalAndOperantConditioningPeggyAndover.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">view the transcript for &#8220;The difference between classical and operant conditioning &#8211; Peggy Andover&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Define and give examples of operant conditioning<\/li>\n<li>Explain the difference between reinforcement and punishment (including positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment)<\/li>\n<li>Define shaping<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between primary and secondary reinforcers<\/li>\n<li>Distinguish between reinforcement schedules<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2322\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>The difference between classical and operant conditioning . <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Peggy Andover. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: TedED. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6LEcM0E0io\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6LEcM0E0io<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"The difference between classical and operant conditioning \",\"author\":\"Peggy Andover\",\"organization\":\"TedED\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6LEcM0E0io\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"e7506ae0-53d7-4dd4-aa9c-af7c64ee31ce","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2322","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":515,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8257,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2322\/revisions\/8257"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/515"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2322\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2322"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2322"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}