{"id":2336,"date":"2016-11-03T20:30:36","date_gmt":"2016-11-03T20:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2336"},"modified":"2024-05-17T14:58:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T14:58:55","slug":"outcome-theories-of-development","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/chapter\/outcome-theories-of-development\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Theories of Development","rendered":"Introduction to Theories of Development"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>What you'll learn to do: compare and contrast theories of lifespan development<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/855\/2017\/03\/08143807\/6782624795_81cabe31c3_z.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3899\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/855\/2017\/03\/08143807\/6782624795_81cabe31c3_z.jpg\" alt=\"Three young boys playing outside and smiling widely. One boy looks directly at the camera, smiling with his arms outstretched.\" width=\"493\" height=\"329\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nLifespan development explores how we change and grow from conception to death. This field of psychology is studied by developmental psychologists. They view development as a lifelong process that can be studied scientifically across three developmental domains: physical, cognitive development, and psychosocial.\r\n\r\n<section id=\"fs-idm81386384\" class=\"summary\" data-depth=\"1\">\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm1051792\">There are many theories regarding how babies and children grow and develop into happy, healthy adults. Sigmund Freud suggested that we pass through a series of psychosexual stages in which our energy is focused on certain erogenous zones on the body. Eric Erikson modified Freud\u2019s ideas and suggested a theory of psychosocial development. Erikson said that our social interactions and successful completion of social tasks shape our sense of self. Jean Piaget proposed a theory of cognitive development that explains how children think and reason as they move through various stages. Finally, Lawrence Kohlberg turned his attention to moral development. He said that we pass through three levels of moral thinking that build on our cognitive development. You'll learn about each of these theories in this section.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe\u00a0the three major issues in development: continuity and discontinuity, one common course of development or many unique courses of development, and nature versus nurture<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Define Freud\u2019s theory of psychosexual development<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe the major tasks of child and adult psychosocial development according to Erikson<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Give examples of behavior and key vocabulary in\u00a0each of Piaget\u2019s stages of cognitive development<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe Kohlberg\u2019s theory of moral development and the stages of reasoning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the procedure, results, and implications\u00a0of Hamlin and Wynn's research on moral reasoning in infants<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2>What you&#8217;ll learn to do: compare and contrast theories of lifespan development<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/855\/2017\/03\/08143807\/6782624795_81cabe31c3_z.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3899\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/855\/2017\/03\/08143807\/6782624795_81cabe31c3_z.jpg\" alt=\"Three young boys playing outside and smiling widely. One boy looks directly at the camera, smiling with his arms outstretched.\" width=\"493\" height=\"329\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lifespan development explores how we change and grow from conception to death. This field of psychology is studied by developmental psychologists. They view development as a lifelong process that can be studied scientifically across three developmental domains: physical, cognitive development, and psychosocial.<\/p>\n<section id=\"fs-idm81386384\" class=\"summary\" data-depth=\"1\">\n<p id=\"fs-idm1051792\">There are many theories regarding how babies and children grow and develop into happy, healthy adults. Sigmund Freud suggested that we pass through a series of psychosexual stages in which our energy is focused on certain erogenous zones on the body. Eric Erikson modified Freud\u2019s ideas and suggested a theory of psychosocial development. Erikson said that our social interactions and successful completion of social tasks shape our sense of self. Jean Piaget proposed a theory of cognitive development that explains how children think and reason as they move through various stages. Finally, Lawrence Kohlberg turned his attention to moral development. He said that we pass through three levels of moral thinking that build on our cognitive development. You&#8217;ll learn about each of these theories in this section.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe\u00a0the three major issues in development: continuity and discontinuity, one common course of development or many unique courses of development, and nature versus nurture<\/li>\n<li>Define Freud\u2019s theory of psychosexual development<\/li>\n<li>Describe the major tasks of child and adult psychosocial development according to Erikson<\/li>\n<li>Give examples of behavior and key vocabulary in\u00a0each of Piaget\u2019s stages of cognitive development<\/li>\n<li>Describe Kohlberg\u2019s theory of moral development and the stages of reasoning<\/li>\n<li>Explain the procedure, results, and implications\u00a0of Hamlin and Wynn&#8217;s research on moral reasoning in infants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2336\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Modification, adaptation, and original content. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Lifespan Development Theories. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: OpenStax College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/9-introduction\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/9-introduction<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><li>Picture of happy boys. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Mahmud Rassel. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rasselbd\/6782624795\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rasselbd\/6782624795<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Lifespan Development Theories\",\"author\":\"OpenStax College\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/9-introduction\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Modification, adaptation, and original content\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Picture of happy boys\",\"author\":\"Mahmud Rassel\",\"organization\":\"Flickr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rasselbd\/6782624795\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"67bff5f2-ec94-40b2-962e-5092ffcb5319","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2336","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":518,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8269,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2336\/revisions\/8269"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/518"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2336\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2336"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2336"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}