{"id":564,"date":"2015-09-09T21:12:04","date_gmt":"2015-09-09T21:12:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/waymakerintromarketing1xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=564"},"modified":"2024-05-13T20:09:30","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T20:09:30","slug":"reading-choosing-a-segmentation-approach-and-target-segments","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/chapter\/reading-choosing-a-segmentation-approach-and-target-segments\/","title":{"raw":"Reading: Choosing a Segmentation Approach and Target Segments","rendered":"Reading: Choosing a Segmentation Approach and Target Segments"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Conducting a\u00a0Market Segmentation<\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"><img class=\"alignright wp-image-1070\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1505\/2015\/09\/04104448\/3625314011_b01fdbae6f_o.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of three young women dressed in Goth outfits walking outside in a city.\" width=\"350\" height=\"234\" \/>As you have seen,\u00a0there are many different ways a company can segment its market, and the optimal method\u00a0varies from one product to another. Good market segmentation starts by identifying the total market for the\u00a0product: all the individuals who might conceivably need a\u00a0product and have the means to purchase it. The total market for accounting software, say, is different from the total\u00a0market for Lego building sets or the total market for chewing gum.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe next step is to identify marketing goals you want to achieve with the segmentation strategy. Do you want to generate awareness and sales in a local\u00a0community\u00a0that has never heard of your company? Do you want to get occasional customers to buy your product regularly? Do you want loyal supporters to dig deeper into their pockets and spend more of their money on your goods or services? Your segmentation approach should offer the best fit for your specific marketing goals.\r\n\r\nYour marketing\u00a0goals point you toward the segmentation criteria that will be most useful to achieve\u00a0your marketing objectives. For example, if your goal is to build loyalty or increase frequency of purchase, behavioral segmentation is important to consider. If your goal is to broaden your customer base within a given region, geographic segmentation may be useful.\r\n\r\nAs you identify segmentation criteria that will help you understand the total market and meet\u00a0your marketing goals, you'll develop the basis for your segmentation approach. Next, you conduct research to collect segmentation data. Analyzing the market data can tell you whether your segmentation approach makes sense and where you may need to adjust the criteria to yield useful, valid market-segment data.\r\n\r\nAfter conducting research and analysis of segmentation data, you should be able to diagram and profile different segments within your total market. A typical segmentation diagram could look like this:\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9103 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/295\/2015\/09\/17222249\/IMG_MarketSegmentProfile.png\" alt=\"Chart titled Sample Market Segment Profiles: Family Life Stages Segments. Left-most Column is Young Singles (10%). Frequency of going out for fun: 4 outings per week. Preferred destination: bar, clubs, movies, restaurants. Common reasons to go out: Happy Hour, weekend, dating, see friends. Average expenditure per outing: $25. Second column is Young Couples, No Kids (8%). Frequency of going out for fun: 2 outings per week. Preferred destination: Restaurants, movies, live music. Common reasons to go out: weekend, anniversary, birthday, see friends. Average expenditure per outing: $43. Third column is Young Families (28%). Frequency of going out for fun: 3 outings per month. Preferred destination: parks, movies, museums, family-friendly restaurants. Common reasons to go out: birthday, anniversary, date night. Average expenditure per outing: $57. Fourth column is Families with older kids (31%). Frequency of going out for fun: 4 outings per month. Preferred destination: movies, restaurants, sporting events. Common reasons to go out: birthday, anniversary, date night, kids\u2019 performances. Average expenditure per outing: $64. Fifth column is Empty nesters (23%). Frequency of going out for fun: 3 outings per week. Preferred destination: movies, restaurants, cultural events. Common reasons to go out: birthday, change of scenery, see friends. Average expenditure per outing: $12. \" width=\"1701\" height=\"1000\" \/>\r\n<h2>Evaluating Your\u00a0Segmentation Approach<\/h2>\r\nAn ideal market segment meets all of the following conditions:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>It's possible to measure.<\/strong>\u00a0If you can't measure it, you can't collect data to know who the segment is or how to reach\u00a0them.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>It's profitable.<\/strong> Segments must have the resources to purchase the product and be large enough to earn a profit for the company; otherwise they aren't worth pursuing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>It's stable.<\/strong> Segments need to stick around long enough for you to execute your marketing plan.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>It's reachable.<\/strong> It must be\u00a0possible for marketers to reach potential customers via the\u00a0organization\u2019s promotion and distribution channel(s).<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>It's internally homogeneous.<\/strong>\u00a0Potential customers in the same segment must prefer the <em>same<\/em> product qualities and exhibit similar characteristics that are pertinent to the segmentation approach.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>It's externally heterogeneous.<\/strong>\u00a0Potential customers from different segments have <em>different<\/em>\u00a0product quality preferences and characteristics that affect\u00a0their purchasing decisions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>It's responsive.<\/strong> Segments should respond consistently to a given market stimulus or marketing mix. If they do not, then marketing efforts directed at them will not be well spent.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>It's cost-effective.<\/strong> Worthwhile market segments can be reached by marketing activities in a cost-effective manner. If too expensive to\u00a0reach, then serving this segment will negatively impact profits.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>It helps determine the marketing mix.<\/strong>\u00a0Ideally, when you have identified a market segment, you'll have insight into ways of\u00a0shaping the combination of\u00a0product, promotion, price, and place to fit that segment's needs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIf your segmentation approach fails to meet any of these conditions, you should go back to the drawing board to refine it. If any one of these factors is not in place, your market segmentation may actually undermine the\u00a0effectiveness of your\u00a0marketing and business. But with all these factors in place, market segmentation will point you toward the most promising customer groups in your target market.\r\n\r\nFor example, if you're trying to launch a print services company in a large city, targeting \"all business owners\" isn't cost effective, and the individuals within this group are actually quite different. That means that no single marketing mix will be effective with everyone in this segment. Instead, you would be better served by researching types of businesses\u00a0(by industry, size, etc.), geographic locations, and other relevant factors to help you identify and target logical segments with shared characteristics.\r\n\r\nKeep in mind that market segmentation is an ongoing activity that needs periodic evaluation to ensure that the approach still makes sense. Since markets are dynamic and people and products change over time, the basis for segmentation must also evolve.\r\n<h2>Selecting\u00a0Target Segments<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6076\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"200\"]<img class=\" wp-image-6076\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/288\/2015\/09\/02192834\/5235153707_b01718c197_b-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Rolex wristwatch\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/> Rolex focuses on a single market segment\u2014those who want a luxury watch\u2014and is thus a prime example of the concentration strategy of market segmentation.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nOnce an actionable segmentation approach is in place, marketing organizations typically follow one of two major segmentation strategies: a concentration strategy or\u00a0a multisegment strategy.\r\n\r\nIn the concentration strategy, a company chooses to focus its marketing efforts on only one market segment. Only one marketing mix is developed: the combination of product offerings, promotional communications, distribution, and pricing targeted to that single market segment. The primary advantage of this strategy is that\u00a0it enables the organization to analyze the needs and wants of only one segment and then focus all its efforts on that segment. The primary\u00a0disadvantage of concentration is that if demand in the segment declines, the organization\u2019s sales and financial position will also decline.\r\n\r\nIn the multisegment strategy, a company focuses its marketing efforts on two or more distinct market segments. The organization develops\u00a0a distinct marketing mix for each segment. Then they develop marketing programs tailored to each of these segments. This strategy is advantageous because it may increase total sales with more marketing programs targeting\u00a0more customers. The disadvantage is the higher costs, which stem from the need for multiple marketing programs that may include segment-specific product differentiation, promotions and communication, distribution\/delivery channels, and pricing.\r\n\r\nHow do you choose?\r\n\r\nSelecting the target segments boils down the following\u00a0questions, which connect\u00a0to the \"ideal segment\" conditions\u00a0listed above:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whose needs can you best satisfy?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who will be the most profitable customers?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can you reach and serve each\u00a0target segment effectively?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are the segments large and profitable enough to support your business?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do you have the resources available to effectively reach and serve each\u00a0target segment?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAs you answer these questions with regard\u00a0to the different market segments you have defined, you will confirm which segments are most likely to be good targets for your product(s).\u00a0These segments become your target market\u2014the object of your targeting strategy, marketing mix, and marketing activities.","rendered":"<h2>Conducting a\u00a0Market Segmentation<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1070\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1505\/2015\/09\/04104448\/3625314011_b01fdbae6f_o.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of three young women dressed in Goth outfits walking outside in a city.\" width=\"350\" height=\"234\" \/>As you have seen,\u00a0there are many different ways a company can segment its market, and the optimal method\u00a0varies from one product to another. Good market segmentation starts by identifying the total market for the\u00a0product: all the individuals who might conceivably need a\u00a0product and have the means to purchase it. The total market for accounting software, say, is different from the total\u00a0market for Lego building sets or the total market for chewing gum.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The next step is to identify marketing goals you want to achieve with the segmentation strategy. Do you want to generate awareness and sales in a local\u00a0community\u00a0that has never heard of your company? Do you want to get occasional customers to buy your product regularly? Do you want loyal supporters to dig deeper into their pockets and spend more of their money on your goods or services? Your segmentation approach should offer the best fit for your specific marketing goals.<\/p>\n<p>Your marketing\u00a0goals point you toward the segmentation criteria that will be most useful to achieve\u00a0your marketing objectives. For example, if your goal is to build loyalty or increase frequency of purchase, behavioral segmentation is important to consider. If your goal is to broaden your customer base within a given region, geographic segmentation may be useful.<\/p>\n<p>As you identify segmentation criteria that will help you understand the total market and meet\u00a0your marketing goals, you&#8217;ll develop the basis for your segmentation approach. Next, you conduct research to collect segmentation data. Analyzing the market data can tell you whether your segmentation approach makes sense and where you may need to adjust the criteria to yield useful, valid market-segment data.<\/p>\n<p>After conducting research and analysis of segmentation data, you should be able to diagram and profile different segments within your total market. A typical segmentation diagram could look like this:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9103 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/295\/2015\/09\/17222249\/IMG_MarketSegmentProfile.png\" alt=\"Chart titled Sample Market Segment Profiles: Family Life Stages Segments. Left-most Column is Young Singles (10%). Frequency of going out for fun: 4 outings per week. Preferred destination: bar, clubs, movies, restaurants. Common reasons to go out: Happy Hour, weekend, dating, see friends. Average expenditure per outing: $25. Second column is Young Couples, No Kids (8%). Frequency of going out for fun: 2 outings per week. Preferred destination: Restaurants, movies, live music. Common reasons to go out: weekend, anniversary, birthday, see friends. Average expenditure per outing: $43. Third column is Young Families (28%). Frequency of going out for fun: 3 outings per month. Preferred destination: parks, movies, museums, family-friendly restaurants. Common reasons to go out: birthday, anniversary, date night. Average expenditure per outing: $57. Fourth column is Families with older kids (31%). Frequency of going out for fun: 4 outings per month. Preferred destination: movies, restaurants, sporting events. Common reasons to go out: birthday, anniversary, date night, kids\u2019 performances. Average expenditure per outing: $64. Fifth column is Empty nesters (23%). Frequency of going out for fun: 3 outings per week. Preferred destination: movies, restaurants, cultural events. Common reasons to go out: birthday, change of scenery, see friends. Average expenditure per outing: $12.\" width=\"1701\" height=\"1000\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Evaluating Your\u00a0Segmentation Approach<\/h2>\n<p>An ideal market segment meets all of the following conditions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s possible to measure.<\/strong>\u00a0If you can&#8217;t measure it, you can&#8217;t collect data to know who the segment is or how to reach\u00a0them.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s profitable.<\/strong> Segments must have the resources to purchase the product and be large enough to earn a profit for the company; otherwise they aren&#8217;t worth pursuing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s stable.<\/strong> Segments need to stick around long enough for you to execute your marketing plan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s reachable.<\/strong> It must be\u00a0possible for marketers to reach potential customers via the\u00a0organization\u2019s promotion and distribution channel(s).<\/li>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s internally homogeneous.<\/strong>\u00a0Potential customers in the same segment must prefer the <em>same<\/em> product qualities and exhibit similar characteristics that are pertinent to the segmentation approach.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s externally heterogeneous.<\/strong>\u00a0Potential customers from different segments have <em>different<\/em>\u00a0product quality preferences and characteristics that affect\u00a0their purchasing decisions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s responsive.<\/strong> Segments should respond consistently to a given market stimulus or marketing mix. If they do not, then marketing efforts directed at them will not be well spent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s cost-effective.<\/strong> Worthwhile market segments can be reached by marketing activities in a cost-effective manner. If too expensive to\u00a0reach, then serving this segment will negatively impact profits.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It helps determine the marketing mix.<\/strong>\u00a0Ideally, when you have identified a market segment, you&#8217;ll have insight into ways of\u00a0shaping the combination of\u00a0product, promotion, price, and place to fit that segment&#8217;s needs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If your segmentation approach fails to meet any of these conditions, you should go back to the drawing board to refine it. If any one of these factors is not in place, your market segmentation may actually undermine the\u00a0effectiveness of your\u00a0marketing and business. But with all these factors in place, market segmentation will point you toward the most promising customer groups in your target market.<\/p>\n<p>For example, if you&#8217;re trying to launch a print services company in a large city, targeting &#8220;all business owners&#8221; isn&#8217;t cost effective, and the individuals within this group are actually quite different. That means that no single marketing mix will be effective with everyone in this segment. Instead, you would be better served by researching types of businesses\u00a0(by industry, size, etc.), geographic locations, and other relevant factors to help you identify and target logical segments with shared characteristics.<\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind that market segmentation is an ongoing activity that needs periodic evaluation to ensure that the approach still makes sense. Since markets are dynamic and people and products change over time, the basis for segmentation must also evolve.<\/p>\n<h2>Selecting\u00a0Target Segments<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_6076\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6076\" class=\"wp-image-6076\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/288\/2015\/09\/02192834\/5235153707_b01718c197_b-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Rolex wristwatch\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-6076\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rolex focuses on a single market segment\u2014those who want a luxury watch\u2014and is thus a prime example of the concentration strategy of market segmentation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Once an actionable segmentation approach is in place, marketing organizations typically follow one of two major segmentation strategies: a concentration strategy or\u00a0a multisegment strategy.<\/p>\n<p>In the concentration strategy, a company chooses to focus its marketing efforts on only one market segment. Only one marketing mix is developed: the combination of product offerings, promotional communications, distribution, and pricing targeted to that single market segment. The primary advantage of this strategy is that\u00a0it enables the organization to analyze the needs and wants of only one segment and then focus all its efforts on that segment. The primary\u00a0disadvantage of concentration is that if demand in the segment declines, the organization\u2019s sales and financial position will also decline.<\/p>\n<p>In the multisegment strategy, a company focuses its marketing efforts on two or more distinct market segments. The organization develops\u00a0a distinct marketing mix for each segment. Then they develop marketing programs tailored to each of these segments. This strategy is advantageous because it may increase total sales with more marketing programs targeting\u00a0more customers. The disadvantage is the higher costs, which stem from the need for multiple marketing programs that may include segment-specific product differentiation, promotions and communication, distribution\/delivery channels, and pricing.<\/p>\n<p>How do you choose?<\/p>\n<p>Selecting the target segments boils down the following\u00a0questions, which connect\u00a0to the &#8220;ideal segment&#8221; conditions\u00a0listed above:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whose needs can you best satisfy?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who will be the most profitable customers?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can you reach and serve each\u00a0target segment effectively?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are the segments large and profitable enough to support your business?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do you have the resources available to effectively reach and serve each\u00a0target segment?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As you answer these questions with regard\u00a0to the different market segments you have defined, you will confirm which segments are most likely to be good targets for your product(s).\u00a0These segments become your target market\u2014the object of your targeting strategy, marketing mix, and marketing activities.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-564\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Conducting a Market Segmentation. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Revision and adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Criteria for Segmentation. From Marketing 2014. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Boundless. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-marketing\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-marketing\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Introducing Marketing, Chapter 2: Understanding and Approaching the Market. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: John Burnett. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Global Text. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/solr.bccampus.ca:8001\/bcc\/file\/ddbe3343-9796-4801-a0cb-7af7b02e3191\/1\/Core%20Concepts%20of%20Marketing.pdf\">http:\/\/solr.bccampus.ca:8001\/bcc\/file\/ddbe3343-9796-4801-a0cb-7af7b02e3191\/1\/Core%20Concepts%20of%20Marketing.pdf<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Goth Triplets. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Fluffy Steve. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fluffy_steve\/3625314011\/\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fluffy_steve\/3625314011\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Rolex Datejust. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Bruno Soares. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/8YBwNP\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/8YBwNP<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":57,"menu_order":10,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Criteria for Segmentation. From Marketing 2014\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Boundless\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-marketing\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Introducing Marketing, Chapter 2: Understanding and Approaching the Market\",\"author\":\"John Burnett\",\"organization\":\"Global Text\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/solr.bccampus.ca:8001\/bcc\/file\/ddbe3343-9796-4801-a0cb-7af7b02e3191\/1\/Core%20Concepts%20of%20Marketing.pdf\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Conducting a Market Segmentation\",\"author\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Goth Triplets\",\"author\":\"Fluffy Steve\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fluffy_steve\/3625314011\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Rolex Datejust\",\"author\":\"Bruno Soares\",\"organization\":\"Flickr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/8YBwNP\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"b73baffd-1559-421c-8039-3fabca8195b4, 717f6eca-1905-426d-b170-9e90eacc2e2c","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-564","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":197,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9105,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/564\/revisions\/9105"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/197"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/564\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=564"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=564"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakerintromarketingxmasterfall2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}