{"id":918,"date":"2016-12-21T20:03:19","date_gmt":"2016-12-21T20:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakermath4libarts\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=918"},"modified":"2019-05-30T16:41:31","modified_gmt":"2019-05-30T16:41:31","slug":"why-it-matters-growth-models","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymakermath4libarts\/chapter\/why-it-matters-growth-models\/","title":{"raw":"Why It Matters: Growth Models","rendered":"Why It Matters: Growth Models"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Why learn about growth models?<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\nThe following essay is adapted from blog posts on <a href=\"https:\/\/emergentmath.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergent math<\/a> by Geoff Krall.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Can You Predict How Many Followers @charliesheen Has Right Now?<\/h3>\r\nSometime on March 1, 2011, Charlie Sheen joined twitter <a href=\"http:\/\/tv.gawker.com\/#!5772948\/the-best-moments-from-charlie-sheens-piers-morgan-tonight-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at the suggestion<\/a> of Piers Morgan, who is\u00a0apparently\u00a0some type of person. By the time I was alerted of the existence of a <a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/#!\/charliesheen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@charliesheen twitter feed<\/a>, it was 4:04 PM Mountain Standard Time. Sheen had yet to tweet, but already had somehow amassed <strong>over 100,000 followers<\/strong>. He hadn\u2019t even put up an avatar of himself yet (and somehow the account was \u201cverified\u201d).<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21195406\/sheen2.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-919 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21195406\/sheen2.png\" alt=\"Screen shot of Charlie Sheen's Twitter page. It shows a blank profile picture, 0 Tweets, 0 Following, 112,497 followers, and 843 Listed. \" width=\"640\" height=\"309\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nWhat happened over the next several hours was nothing short of amazing. All you had to do was wait a few seconds or minutes and hit \"refresh,\" and just watch the number of followers climb.\r\n\r\nI did this for about 50 minutes and collected data\u00a0along the way.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Time on March 1, 2011<\/th>\r\n<th># of Followers<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:04 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>109,099<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:07 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>112,497<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:09 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>116,143<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:12 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>120,195<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:14 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>122,901<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:18 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>127,643<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:21 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>129,793<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:24 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>133,357<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:29 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>140,215<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:32 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>144,103<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:38\u00a0PM<\/td>\r\n<td>149,528<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4:44 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>153,848<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nLater that night, I refreshed every half-hour or so and watched the number climbing steadily. At this point, he had made his first tweet.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21200606\/sheen141.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-923\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21200606\/sheen141.png\" alt=\"Screen shot of Charlie Sheen's Twitter page. He has a profile picture, and a description under his Twitter handle (@charliesheen) of &quot;Unemployed Winner...&quot;. His first tweet reads &quot;Winning...! Choose your Vice... #winning #chooseyourvice http:\/\/twtpic.com\/455ly9&quot; 1 hour ago. He has 1 Tweet, 10 Following, 261,894 followers, and 1907 Listed.\" width=\"640\" height=\"309\" \/><\/a>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Time on March 1, 2011<\/th>\r\n<th># of Followers<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6:21\u00a0PM<\/td>\r\n<td>261,894<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6:24 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>275,638<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6:49 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>302,077<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>7:13 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>324,595<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>7:38 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>348,955<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>8:45 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>429,904<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nEventually I had to go to bed. So I did. And as soon as I woke up the next morning I went back to check Charlie Sheen\u2019s number of twitter followers.\r\n\r\nNow I\u2019d be checking every hour or so. Recorded here.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Time on March 2, 2011<\/th>\r\n<th># of Followers<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6:45\u00a0AM<\/td>\r\n<td>729,703<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>8:51 AM<\/td>\r\n<td>799,008<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>9:36 AM<\/td>\r\n<td>820,538<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>10:23\u00a0AM<\/td>\r\n<td>841,940<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>11:16\u00a0AM<\/td>\r\n<td>865,972<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>12:43\u00a0PM<\/td>\r\n<td>902,291<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:47 PM<\/td>\r\n<td>926,557<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3:09\u00a0PM<\/td>\r\n<td>957,259<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThe last datum I recorded was at 3:09 MST, at which point <strong>@charliesheen had 957,259 followers<\/strong>. So in less than 24 hours, Charlie Sheen had <strong>gained 800,000<\/strong> followers on twitter.\r\n\r\nI have two questions for you:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>At what time March, 1, did Charlie Sheen join twitter? and,<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>How many followers does he have right now?<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTo answer,\u00a0I\u2019ll break this up into a few different time pieces. Here\u2019s the plot of Charlie Sheen\u2019s followers as I have them, only for <strong>3\/1\/2011<\/strong>, the day he joined twitter.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21202315\/day11.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-925\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21202315\/day11.png\" alt=\"Graph titled \u201cFollowers 3\/1\/2011 R2 = 0.9995) Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 50,000, from 0 to 500,000. Horizontal measures time, in staggered increments from 4:00PM to 10:00 PM. The plotted points show a straight line moving up to the right, from ~100,000 at 4:00PM to almost 450,000 at 8:49PM. \" width=\"481\" height=\"310\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nNot only is that a linear fit, it\u2019s <strong><em>very<\/em> linear<\/strong> (R-squared of 0.9995). I\u2019m also shocked at how straight that line is. That is, there are not spikes of activity. I would have thought that in the evening, when everyone\u2019s sitting in front of their TVs with their iPad 2\u2019s there would be a marked increase in @charliesheen twitter followers.\r\n\r\nNow let\u2019s look at the same graph, but with <strong>all of Day 2 <\/strong>(3\/2\/2011) data included.<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21202636\/day2.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-926\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21202636\/day2.png\" alt=\"Graph. Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 200,000, from 0 to 1,200,000. Horizontal measures time, in staggered increments from 2:24PM to 7:12PM. The plotted points show an initially straight line starting to curve and slow rate of increase, reaching ~900,000 at 2:24PM.\" width=\"640\" height=\"459\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nUnfortunately, I didn\u2019t check Sheen\u2019s twitter followers in the middle of the night, but it appears to have leveled off slightly going into Day 2 of the twitter account.\r\n\r\nNow, I\u2019m not 100% sure when the twitter feed account went live \u2013 in fact, that was one of the questions I asked last time \u2013 but I do have this:<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203018\/sheengoogle2.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-927\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203018\/sheengoogle2.png\" alt=\"Timeline titled \u201c2011 &gt; March &gt; 1 &gt; 2:39PM - 2:56PM\u201d with a link to Now at the top right. It shows no activity starting at 12:00AM, with small lines at 6:00AM staggered far apart. By 12:00PM the lines start to become more frequent, starting small and building quickly in jagged bursts until well after 6:00pm.\" width=\"376\" height=\"149\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nThis is the Google realtime search feature. I would assume there\u2019s a strong correlation between the Google realtime searches for \u201c@charliesheen\u201d and the activation of the twitter account. So it looks like the account may have gone active sometime in the mid-afternoon of 3\/1\/2011. <strong>Let\u2019s call it 3:00 PM.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nI took a couple of additional data points in the next couple of days, which leads me here:\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203651\/followerstodate.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-928\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203651\/followerstodate.png\" alt=\"Graph titled \u201cFollowers, to date (3\/4\/2011). Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 200,000, from 0 to 1,800,000. Horizontal measures time, in increments of 12 hours from 3:00PM 3\/1 to 3:00PM 3\/4. The plotted points show an initially rapid curve starting to slow, though continue to grow, over time.\" width=\"630\" height=\"375\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nWhile still climbing steadily, <strong>the curve is nowhere near as steep<\/strong> as it was on Day 1, which is probably to be expected.\r\n\r\nHey, I bet the slope of the line over time would be interesting. And that would give us a clue as to where this thing is headed. Let\u2019s\u00a0break it up into <strong>(Change-in-followers per minute) vs. (time)<\/strong>.<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203954\/followerspermin.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-929\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203954\/followerspermin.png\" alt=\"Graph titled \u201cDelta Followers\/min\u201d. Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 200 from 0 to 2000. Horizontal measures time, in increments of 12 hours from 12:00PM over 4 days. The plotted points show large swings and spikes in the first 12 hour block, then gradual decrease over time to a smoother downward curve (though still containing minor aberrations).\" width=\"640\" height=\"344\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<strong>There\u2019s my exponential<\/strong>! We\u2019ll have to fudge the x-values a bit to get an actual equation and trendline.<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21204252\/expe.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-930\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21204252\/expe.png\" alt=\"Graph titled \u201cDelta Followers\/min\u201d. Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 200 from 0 to 2000. Horizontal measures time, in increments of 12 hours from 12:00PM over 4 days. The plotted points (in blue) show large swings and spikes in the first 12 hour block, then gradual decrease over time to a smoother downward curve (though still containing minor aberrations). Overlaid this in black is a trend line curving down, and a key: y = 1082.8e^-55.04x. R^2=0.8058.\" width=\"640\" height=\"367\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nAnd you know what? I bet if I tossed out a few of those early, \u201cnoisy\u201d observation, we\u2019d get a much better fitted curve. But still, it looks like you can pretty well describe the behavior of Charlie Sheen\u2019s number of twitter followers with this <strong>exponential decay curve<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nNow, what can we do with this? Was this just a ridiculous exercise by someone who spends too much time in front of his computer? Perhaps (probably). But are there any implications for the dramatic growth and tapering off of a (sort of crazy) celebrity's twitter followers?\r\n\r\nRemember in 2010, when <strong>LeBron James<\/strong> joined twitter before his announcement of where he was headed, dubbed \u201cThe Decision\u201d on ESPN? His twitter followers had a similar explosion at the beginning before he even tweeted anything. I don\u2019t have the data unfortunately. While everyone agrees that \u201cThe Decision\u201d was a huge PR mistake, everyone also agrees that the ratings for \u201cThe Decision\u201d were <strong>through the roof<\/strong>. Let\u2019s put it this way: more people watched \u201cThe Decision\u201d where James announced which team he would join than many actual NBA Finals games. <strong>Did the simple creation of the twitter account boost the ratings<\/strong>? What if \u201cTwo and a Half Men\u201d came back on the air now? I have to assume that the ratings would be similarly boosted. <strong>James Franco <\/strong>did something similar before his hosting of the Oscars, joining twitter beforehand.\r\n\r\nYou think <strong>agents <\/strong>and TV and movie <strong>execs <\/strong>aren\u2019t aware of the \u201ctwitter-effect?\u201d Of course they are, and they\u2019re probably also interested in some of the <strong>hard data<\/strong> that comes along with it.","rendered":"<h2>Why learn about growth models?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p>The following essay is adapted from blog posts on <a href=\"https:\/\/emergentmath.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergent math<\/a> by Geoff Krall.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Can You Predict How Many Followers @charliesheen Has Right Now?<\/h3>\n<p>Sometime on March 1, 2011, Charlie Sheen joined twitter <a href=\"http:\/\/tv.gawker.com\/#!5772948\/the-best-moments-from-charlie-sheens-piers-morgan-tonight-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at the suggestion<\/a> of Piers Morgan, who is\u00a0apparently\u00a0some type of person. By the time I was alerted of the existence of a <a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/#!\/charliesheen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@charliesheen twitter feed<\/a>, it was 4:04 PM Mountain Standard Time. Sheen had yet to tweet, but already had somehow amassed <strong>over 100,000 followers<\/strong>. He hadn\u2019t even put up an avatar of himself yet (and somehow the account was \u201cverified\u201d).<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21195406\/sheen2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-919 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21195406\/sheen2.png\" alt=\"Screen shot of Charlie Sheen's Twitter page. It shows a blank profile picture, 0 Tweets, 0 Following, 112,497 followers, and 843 Listed.\" width=\"640\" height=\"309\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>What happened over the next several hours was nothing short of amazing. All you had to do was wait a few seconds or minutes and hit &#8220;refresh,&#8221; and just watch the number of followers climb.<\/p>\n<p>I did this for about 50 minutes and collected data\u00a0along the way.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Time on March 1, 2011<\/th>\n<th># of Followers<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:04 PM<\/td>\n<td>109,099<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:07 PM<\/td>\n<td>112,497<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:09 PM<\/td>\n<td>116,143<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:12 PM<\/td>\n<td>120,195<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:14 PM<\/td>\n<td>122,901<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:18 PM<\/td>\n<td>127,643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:21 PM<\/td>\n<td>129,793<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:24 PM<\/td>\n<td>133,357<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:29 PM<\/td>\n<td>140,215<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:32 PM<\/td>\n<td>144,103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:38\u00a0PM<\/td>\n<td>149,528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4:44 PM<\/td>\n<td>153,848<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Later that night, I refreshed every half-hour or so and watched the number climbing steadily. At this point, he had made his first tweet.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21200606\/sheen141.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-923\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21200606\/sheen141.png\" alt=\"Screen shot of Charlie Sheen's Twitter page. He has a profile picture, and a description under his Twitter handle (@charliesheen) of &quot;Unemployed Winner...&quot;. His first tweet reads &quot;Winning...! Choose your Vice... #winning #chooseyourvice http:\/\/twtpic.com\/455ly9&quot; 1 hour ago. He has 1 Tweet, 10 Following, 261,894 followers, and 1907 Listed.\" width=\"640\" height=\"309\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Time on March 1, 2011<\/th>\n<th># of Followers<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6:21\u00a0PM<\/td>\n<td>261,894<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6:24 PM<\/td>\n<td>275,638<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6:49 PM<\/td>\n<td>302,077<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7:13 PM<\/td>\n<td>324,595<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7:38 PM<\/td>\n<td>348,955<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8:45 PM<\/td>\n<td>429,904<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Eventually I had to go to bed. So I did. And as soon as I woke up the next morning I went back to check Charlie Sheen\u2019s number of twitter followers.<\/p>\n<p>Now I\u2019d be checking every hour or so. Recorded here.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Time on March 2, 2011<\/th>\n<th># of Followers<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6:45\u00a0AM<\/td>\n<td>729,703<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8:51 AM<\/td>\n<td>799,008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9:36 AM<\/td>\n<td>820,538<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10:23\u00a0AM<\/td>\n<td>841,940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11:16\u00a0AM<\/td>\n<td>865,972<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12:43\u00a0PM<\/td>\n<td>902,291<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1:47 PM<\/td>\n<td>926,557<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3:09\u00a0PM<\/td>\n<td>957,259<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The last datum I recorded was at 3:09 MST, at which point <strong>@charliesheen had 957,259 followers<\/strong>. So in less than 24 hours, Charlie Sheen had <strong>gained 800,000<\/strong> followers on twitter.<\/p>\n<p>I have two questions for you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>At what time March, 1, did Charlie Sheen join twitter? and,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>How many followers does he have right now?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To answer,\u00a0I\u2019ll break this up into a few different time pieces. Here\u2019s the plot of Charlie Sheen\u2019s followers as I have them, only for <strong>3\/1\/2011<\/strong>, the day he joined twitter.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21202315\/day11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-925\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21202315\/day11.png\" alt=\"Graph titled \u201cFollowers 3\/1\/2011 R2 = 0.9995) Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 50,000, from 0 to 500,000. Horizontal measures time, in staggered increments from 4:00PM to 10:00 PM. The plotted points show a straight line moving up to the right, from ~100,000 at 4:00PM to almost 450,000 at 8:49PM.\" width=\"481\" height=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Not only is that a linear fit, it\u2019s <strong><em>very<\/em> linear<\/strong> (R-squared of 0.9995). I\u2019m also shocked at how straight that line is. That is, there are not spikes of activity. I would have thought that in the evening, when everyone\u2019s sitting in front of their TVs with their iPad 2\u2019s there would be a marked increase in @charliesheen twitter followers.<\/p>\n<p>Now let\u2019s look at the same graph, but with <strong>all of Day 2 <\/strong>(3\/2\/2011) data included.<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21202636\/day2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-926\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21202636\/day2.png\" alt=\"Graph. Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 200,000, from 0 to 1,200,000. Horizontal measures time, in staggered increments from 2:24PM to 7:12PM. The plotted points show an initially straight line starting to curve and slow rate of increase, reaching ~900,000 at 2:24PM.\" width=\"640\" height=\"459\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, I didn\u2019t check Sheen\u2019s twitter followers in the middle of the night, but it appears to have leveled off slightly going into Day 2 of the twitter account.<\/p>\n<p>Now, I\u2019m not 100% sure when the twitter feed account went live \u2013 in fact, that was one of the questions I asked last time \u2013 but I do have this:<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203018\/sheengoogle2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-927\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203018\/sheengoogle2.png\" alt=\"Timeline titled \u201c2011 &gt; March &gt; 1 &gt; 2:39PM - 2:56PM\u201d with a link to Now at the top right. It shows no activity starting at 12:00AM, with small lines at 6:00AM staggered far apart. By 12:00PM the lines start to become more frequent, starting small and building quickly in jagged bursts until well after 6:00pm.\" width=\"376\" height=\"149\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is the Google realtime search feature. I would assume there\u2019s a strong correlation between the Google realtime searches for \u201c@charliesheen\u201d and the activation of the twitter account. So it looks like the account may have gone active sometime in the mid-afternoon of 3\/1\/2011. <strong>Let\u2019s call it 3:00 PM.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I took a couple of additional data points in the next couple of days, which leads me here:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203651\/followerstodate.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-928\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203651\/followerstodate.png\" alt=\"Graph titled \u201cFollowers, to date (3\/4\/2011). Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 200,000, from 0 to 1,800,000. Horizontal measures time, in increments of 12 hours from 3:00PM 3\/1 to 3:00PM 3\/4. The plotted points show an initially rapid curve starting to slow, though continue to grow, over time.\" width=\"630\" height=\"375\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>While still climbing steadily, <strong>the curve is nowhere near as steep<\/strong> as it was on Day 1, which is probably to be expected.<\/p>\n<p>Hey, I bet the slope of the line over time would be interesting. And that would give us a clue as to where this thing is headed. Let\u2019s\u00a0break it up into <strong>(Change-in-followers per minute) vs. (time)<\/strong>.<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203954\/followerspermin.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-929\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21203954\/followerspermin.png\" alt=\"Graph titled \u201cDelta Followers\/min\u201d. Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 200 from 0 to 2000. Horizontal measures time, in increments of 12 hours from 12:00PM over 4 days. The plotted points show large swings and spikes in the first 12 hour block, then gradual decrease over time to a smoother downward curve (though still containing minor aberrations).\" width=\"640\" height=\"344\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>There\u2019s my exponential<\/strong>! We\u2019ll have to fudge the x-values a bit to get an actual equation and trendline.<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21204252\/expe.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-930\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1141\/2016\/12\/21204252\/expe.png\" alt=\"Graph titled \u201cDelta Followers\/min\u201d. Vertical measures number of followers, in increments of 200 from 0 to 2000. Horizontal measures time, in increments of 12 hours from 12:00PM over 4 days. The plotted points (in blue) show large swings and spikes in the first 12 hour block, then gradual decrease over time to a smoother downward curve (though still containing minor aberrations). Overlaid this in black is a trend line curving down, and a key: y = 1082.8e^-55.04x. R^2=0.8058.\" width=\"640\" height=\"367\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>And you know what? I bet if I tossed out a few of those early, \u201cnoisy\u201d observation, we\u2019d get a much better fitted curve. But still, it looks like you can pretty well describe the behavior of Charlie Sheen\u2019s number of twitter followers with this <strong>exponential decay curve<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Now, what can we do with this? Was this just a ridiculous exercise by someone who spends too much time in front of his computer? Perhaps (probably). But are there any implications for the dramatic growth and tapering off of a (sort of crazy) celebrity&#8217;s twitter followers?<\/p>\n<p>Remember in 2010, when <strong>LeBron James<\/strong> joined twitter before his announcement of where he was headed, dubbed \u201cThe Decision\u201d on ESPN? His twitter followers had a similar explosion at the beginning before he even tweeted anything. I don\u2019t have the data unfortunately. While everyone agrees that \u201cThe Decision\u201d was a huge PR mistake, everyone also agrees that the ratings for \u201cThe Decision\u201d were <strong>through the roof<\/strong>. Let\u2019s put it this way: more people watched \u201cThe Decision\u201d where James announced which team he would join than many actual NBA Finals games. <strong>Did the simple creation of the twitter account boost the ratings<\/strong>? What if \u201cTwo and a Half Men\u201d came back on the air now? I have to assume that the ratings would be similarly boosted. <strong>James Franco <\/strong>did something similar before his hosting of the Oscars, joining twitter beforehand.<\/p>\n<p>You think <strong>agents <\/strong>and TV and movie <strong>execs <\/strong>aren\u2019t aware of the \u201ctwitter-effect?\u201d Of course they are, and they\u2019re probably also interested in some of the <strong>hard data<\/strong> that comes along with it.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-918\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Can you predict how many followers @charliesheen has right now? ; Exponential growth? (Part 1). <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Geoff Krall. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: emergent math. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/emergentmath.com\/2011\/03\/03\/can-you-predict-how-many-followers-charliesheen-has-right-now-exponential-growth-part-1\/\">https:\/\/emergentmath.com\/2011\/03\/03\/can-you-predict-how-many-followers-charliesheen-has-right-now-exponential-growth-part-1\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Can you predict how many followers @charliesheen has right now? ; Exponential growth? (Part 2). <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Geoff Krall. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: emergent math. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/emergentmath.com\/2011\/03\/04\/can-you-predict-how-many-followers-charliesheen-has-right-now-exponential-growth-part-2\/\">https:\/\/emergentmath.com\/2011\/03\/04\/can-you-predict-how-many-followers-charliesheen-has-right-now-exponential-growth-part-2\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Learning objectives: Growth Models. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David Lippman. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opentextbookstore.com\/mathinsociety\/\">http:\/\/www.opentextbookstore.com\/mathinsociety\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Math in Society. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Can you predict how many followers @charliesheen has right now? ; Exponential growth? 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