{"id":837,"date":"2020-08-10T22:17:46","date_gmt":"2020-08-10T22:17:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/abnormalpsych\/?post_type=chapter&p=837"},"modified":"2021-02-16T23:09:30","modified_gmt":"2021-02-16T23:09:30","slug":"putting-it-together-sexual-deviations-and-dysfunctions","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-abnormalpsych\/chapter\/putting-it-together-sexual-deviations-and-dysfunctions\/","title":{"raw":"Putting It Together: Sexual Deviations and Dysfunctions","rendered":"Putting It Together: Sexual Deviations and Dysfunctions"},"content":{"raw":"In this module, you learned about sexual deviations and dysfunctions,\u00a0such as gender dysphoria, disorders of \"Asexual function and paraphilic disorders. At\u00a0this point, you\u00a0hopefully have a better understanding of how each diagnosis is unique in its presentation of symptoms, how the different disorders are treated, and which biopsychosocial perspectives prevail in the etiology of these disorders.\r\n\r\nThe module started out with a discussion on the distress a person may feel when there is a mismatch between their gender identity and their sex assigned at birth. You now know that this condition is referred to as gender dysphoria. You then had a thorough review of\u00a0various types of sexual dysfunction and how s<\/span>exual functioning is a complex bio-psycho-social process. The module ended with a somewhat disturbing review of\u00a0deviant or disordered sexual behavior, from the <\/span>different\u00a0types of\u00a0<\/span>paraphilias to the different types of sexual violence. Interestingly enough, the same psychologist who baffled the scientific community on his treatment of David Reimer also proposed a plausible viewpoint that paraphilias are the expression of\u00a0lovemaps\u00a0<\/strong>gone awry or vandalized, hypothesizing that an<\/span>\u00a0individual is, in a sense, programmed to act out fantasies that are socially unacceptable and often harmful.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIt\u2019s important to take time to think critically on what has been presented, and also to reflect on the concepts presented in the module and how each one has firm roots in empirical research.\r\n\r\nHere's a review of\u00a0the disorders discussed in this module:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Gender dysphoria<\/strong> is a diagnostic category in DSM-5 that describes individuals who do not identify as their biological gender. This dysphoria must persist for at least six months and result in significant distress or dysfunction to meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. In order for children to be assigned this diagnostic category, they must verbalize their desire to become the other gender.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Early-onset gender dysphoria<\/strong> is behaviorally visible in childhood. Sometimes gender dysphoria will desist in this group and they will identify as gay or homosexual for a period of time, followed by recurrence of gender dysphoria. This group is usually sexually attracted to members of their natal sex in adulthood.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Late-onset gender dysphoria<\/strong> does not include visible signs in early childhood, but some report having had wishes to be the opposite sex in childhood that they did not report to others.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (MHSDD)<\/strong>\u00a0is described as persistently or recurrently deficient (or absent) sexual\/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity, as judged by a clinician with consideration for the patient\u2019s age and cultural context, and persisting for at least six months.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Female sexual interest\/arousal disorder (FSIAD)<\/strong>\u00a0is described as a lack of interest or significantly reduced interest in sexual activity. At least three of the following symptoms occur for a minimum of six months: reduced interest in sex, reduced sexual thought or fantasies, reduced initiation of sexual activity, reduced excitement during sexual activity, reduced excitement to sexual cues, and reduced sensation during sexual encounters.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Erectile disorder (ED<\/strong>) is described as difficulty in obtaining or maintaining an erection during sexual activity 75\u2013100% of the time.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Delayed ejaculation\u00a0<\/strong>is described as a marked delay in ejaculation or infrequency\/absence of ejaculation in 75\u2013100% of partnered sexual activity.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Premature ejaculation<\/strong>\u00a0is described as a persistent and undesirable premature ejaculation that occurs around one minute or less of vaginal penetration.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Female orgasmic disorder\u00a0<\/strong>is described as a delay in, absence of, or markedly reduced intensity of orgasms during 75\u2013100% of sexual activity.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Genito-pelvic pain\/penetration disorder (GPPPD)<\/strong>\u00a0was formerly called dyspareunia and vaginismus, and is characterized by difficulty or pain during vaginal penetration during intercourse. This disorder may also include fear or anxiety about penetration or tensing and tightening of pelvic floor muscles during intercourse.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Paraphilias<\/strong>\u00a0are persistent and recurrent sexual interests, urges, fantasies, or behaviors of marked intensity involving objects, activities, or even situations that are atypical in nature.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Fetishism<\/strong>\u00a0is the use of nonliving objects, most commonly shoes and undergarments, for sexual pleasure.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Transvestic fetishism<\/strong>\u00a0is the derivation of sexual arousal from cross-dressing or dressing in clothes of the opposite sex.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Exhibitionism<\/strong>\u00a0is the exposure of an individual\u2019s genitalia to unsuspecting strangers for sexual satisfaction.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Voyeurism<\/strong>\u00a0is the viewing of an unsuspecting person engaging in disrobing or sexual activity.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Frotteurism<\/strong>\u00a0is the touching of or rubbing against a nonconsenting person.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Sexual masochism<\/strong>\u00a0is the derivation of sexual arousal from being the recipient of physical or mental abuse and\/or humiliation.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Sexual sadism<\/strong>\u00a0is when sexual arousal is gained from inflicting mental or physical suffering on a nonconsenting person.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Pedophilia<\/strong>\u00a0is any sexual activity with a prepubescent child, where the offender\/patient is at least sixteen years of age, and the victim is at least five years younger.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Sexual assault<\/strong>\u00a0is an act in which a person intentionally sexually touches another person without that person's\u00a0consent or\u00a0coerces\u00a0or physically forces a person to engage in a\u00a0sexual act\u00a0against their will.\u00a0It is a form of\u00a0sexual violence, which includes\u00a0child sexual abuse,\u00a0groping,\u00a0rape<\/strong>\u00a0(forced\u00a0vaginal, anal, or oral penetration\u00a0or a\u00a0drug-facilitated sexual assault), or the\u00a0torture\u00a0of the person in a sexual manner.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Childhood\u00a0sexual abuse<\/strong>\u00a0is defined as any sexual contact between a child and an adult or a much older child.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Incest<\/strong>\u00a0refers to sexual contact between a child and family members.\u00a0In each of these cases, the child is exploited by an older person without regard for the child\u2019s developmental immaturity and inability to understand the sexual behavior<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"

    In this module, you learned about sexual deviations and dysfunctions,\u00a0such as gender dysphoria, disorders of \"Asexual function and paraphilic disorders. At\u00a0this point, you\u00a0hopefully have a better understanding of how each diagnosis is unique in its presentation of symptoms, how the different disorders are treated, and which biopsychosocial perspectives prevail in the etiology of these disorders.<\/p>\n

    The module started out with a discussion on the distress a person may feel when there is a mismatch between their gender identity and their sex assigned at birth. You now know that this condition is referred to as gender dysphoria. You then had a thorough review of\u00a0various types of sexual dysfunction and how s<\/span>exual functioning is a complex bio-psycho-social process. The module ended with a somewhat disturbing review of\u00a0deviant or disordered sexual behavior, from the <\/span>different\u00a0types of\u00a0<\/span>paraphilias to the different types of sexual violence. Interestingly enough, the same psychologist who baffled the scientific community on his treatment of David Reimer also proposed a plausible viewpoint that paraphilias are the expression of\u00a0lovemaps\u00a0<\/strong>gone awry or vandalized, hypothesizing that an<\/span>\u00a0individual is, in a sense, programmed to act out fantasies that are socially unacceptable and often harmful.<\/span><\/p>\n

    It\u2019s important to take time to think critically on what has been presented, and also to reflect on the concepts presented in the module and how each one has firm roots in empirical research.<\/p>\n

    Here’s a review of\u00a0the disorders discussed in this module:<\/p>\n