{"id":1902,"date":"2016-05-06T22:18:52","date_gmt":"2016-05-06T22:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/biologyxwaymakerxmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1902"},"modified":"2024-04-29T16:42:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T16:42:54","slug":"outcome-proteins","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/chapter\/outcome-proteins\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Proteins","rendered":"Introduction to Proteins"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Describe the structure and function proteins<\/h2>\r\nProteins are polymers of amino acids. Each amino acid contains a central carbon, a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a variable R group.\u00a0The R group specifies which class of amino acids it belongs to: electrically charged hydrophilic side chains, polar but uncharged side chains, nonpolar hydrophobic side chains, and special cases.\r\n\r\nProteins have different \u201clayers\u201d of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary.\r\n\r\nProteins have a variety of functions in cells. Major functions include acting as enzymes, receptors, transport molecules, regulatory proteins for gene expression, and so on.\u00a0Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently altered. They have \u201cactive sites\u201d where the substrate\/reactant binds, and they can be either activated or inhibited (competitive and\/or noncompetitive inhibitors).\r\n<h2>What You\u2019ll Learn to Do<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Demonstrate familiarity with monomeric units of proteins: amino acids<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Define the different layers of protein structure<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify several major functions of proteins<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Learning Activities<\/h3>\r\nThe learning activities for this section include the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Amino Acids<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Protein Structure<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Function of Proteins<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Self Check: Proteins<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h2>Describe the structure and function proteins<\/h2>\n<p>Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Each amino acid contains a central carbon, a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a variable R group.\u00a0The R group specifies which class of amino acids it belongs to: electrically charged hydrophilic side chains, polar but uncharged side chains, nonpolar hydrophobic side chains, and special cases.<\/p>\n<p>Proteins have different \u201clayers\u201d of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary.<\/p>\n<p>Proteins have a variety of functions in cells. Major functions include acting as enzymes, receptors, transport molecules, regulatory proteins for gene expression, and so on.\u00a0Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently altered. They have \u201cactive sites\u201d where the substrate\/reactant binds, and they can be either activated or inhibited (competitive and\/or noncompetitive inhibitors).<\/p>\n<h2>What You\u2019ll Learn to Do<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Demonstrate familiarity with monomeric units of proteins: amino acids<\/li>\n<li>Define the different layers of protein structure<\/li>\n<li>Identify several major functions of proteins<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Learning Activities<\/h3>\n<p>The learning activities for this section include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amino Acids<\/li>\n<li>Protein Structure<\/li>\n<li>Function of Proteins<\/li>\n<li>Self Check: Proteins<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1902\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introduction to Proteins. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Introduction to Proteins\",\"author\":\"Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"8db6e9b3-a28c-4060-b400-23f404a16dce","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1902","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":84,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1902\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6057,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1902\/revisions\/6057"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/84"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1902\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1902"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1902"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}