{"id":1919,"date":"2016-05-06T22:41:15","date_gmt":"2016-05-06T22:41:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/biologyxwaymakerxmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1919"},"modified":"2024-04-26T18:46:37","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T18:46:37","slug":"putting-it-together-cellular-structure","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/chapter\/putting-it-together-cellular-structure\/","title":{"raw":"Putting It Together: Cellular Structure","rendered":"Putting It Together: Cellular Structure"},"content":{"raw":"In this module, we've learned about several different cell components. Table 1 provides a summary of all the components we covered, as well as their functions and locations. Attempt the following interactive questions at least once without referencing the table!\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291230644517881298\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th colspan=\"5\">Table 1. Components of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th width=\"16%\">Cell Component<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"38%\">Function<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"16%\">Present in Prokaryotes?<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"16%\">Present in Animal Cells?<\/th>\r\n<th width=\"16%\">Present in Plant Cells?<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Cytoplasm<\/td>\r\n<td>Provides turgor pressure to plant cells as fluid inside the central vacuole; site of many metabolic reactions; medium in which organelles are found<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Nucleus<\/td>\r\n<td>Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Nucleolus<\/td>\r\n<td>Darkened area within the nucleus where ribosomal subunits are synthesized.<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Ribosomes<\/td>\r\n<td>Protein synthesis<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Mitochondria<\/td>\r\n<td>ATP production\/cellular respiration<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Peroxisomes<\/td>\r\n<td>Oxidizes and thus breaks down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxifies poisons<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Endoplasmic reticulum<\/td>\r\n<td>Modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Golgi apparatus<\/td>\r\n<td>Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Vesicles and vacuoles<\/td>\r\n<td>Storage and transport; digestive function in plant cells<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Centrosome<\/td>\r\n<td>Unspecified role in cell division in animal cells; source of microtubules in animal cells<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Lysosomes<\/td>\r\n<td>Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Chloroplasts<\/td>\r\n<td>Photosynthesis<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Cytoskeleton<\/td>\r\n<td>Maintains cell's shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Flagella<\/td>\r\n<td>Cellular locomotion<\/td>\r\n<td>Some<\/td>\r\n<td>Some<\/td>\r\n<td>No, except for some plant sperm cells.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Cilia<\/td>\r\n<td>Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and filtration<\/td>\r\n<td>Some<\/td>\r\n<td>Some<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Plasma membrane<\/td>\r\n<td>Separates cell from external environment; controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen, and wastes into and out of cell<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Cell wall<\/td>\r\n<td>Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes, primarily peptidoglycan<\/td>\r\n<td>No<\/td>\r\n<td>Yes, primarily cellulose<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291232186095349668\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>INHERITED DISEASES<\/h3>\r\nLet\u2019s look back to our earlier disease list:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Pompe Disease:<\/strong> characterized by excess accumulation of glycogen in muscle cells<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Leigh Disease:<\/strong> progressive disorder of lesions (dead or dying cells) in the brain<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy:<\/strong> wasting and weakness in muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, and calf muscles<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe following organelles are what cause the each disorder. As you explore the different websites that highlight each disease, think about how the function of these organelles directly relates to the disease symptoms.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pompe.com\/en\/patients\/about\/classifying\/about-lsd.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pompe disease<\/a>: lysosomes<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitochondrialdiseases.org\/mitochondrial-disease\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leigh\u2019s Disease<\/a>: mitochondria<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mda.org\/disease\/emery-dreifuss-muscular-dystrophy\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy<\/a>: nuclear envelope<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Flashcards<\/h2>\r\n<div id=\"post-5203\" class=\"standard post-5203 chapter type-chapter status-publish hentry\">\r\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\r\n\r\nIt is tempting to view different topics as completely separate, but in fact the ideas we cover in this course are often connected to one another. If you don\u2019t retain the vocabulary from module to module, those connections can be missed. As you continue on, remember to come back and review the terms you\u2019ve learned in order to increase your depth of knowledge.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291219601618831688\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>In this module, we&#8217;ve learned about several different cell components. Table 1 provides a summary of all the components we covered, as well as their functions and locations. Attempt the following interactive questions at least once without referencing the table!<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291230644517881298\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"5\">Table 1. Components of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 16%;\">Cell Component<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 38%;\">Function<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 16%;\">Present in Prokaryotes?<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 16%;\">Present in Animal Cells?<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 16%;\">Present in Plant Cells?<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Cytoplasm<\/td>\n<td>Provides turgor pressure to plant cells as fluid inside the central vacuole; site of many metabolic reactions; medium in which organelles are found<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nucleus<\/td>\n<td>Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nucleolus<\/td>\n<td>Darkened area within the nucleus where ribosomal subunits are synthesized.<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ribosomes<\/td>\n<td>Protein synthesis<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mitochondria<\/td>\n<td>ATP production\/cellular respiration<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Peroxisomes<\/td>\n<td>Oxidizes and thus breaks down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxifies poisons<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Endoplasmic reticulum<\/td>\n<td>Modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Golgi apparatus<\/td>\n<td>Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vesicles and vacuoles<\/td>\n<td>Storage and transport; digestive function in plant cells<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Centrosome<\/td>\n<td>Unspecified role in cell division in animal cells; source of microtubules in animal cells<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lysosomes<\/td>\n<td>Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chloroplasts<\/td>\n<td>Photosynthesis<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cytoskeleton<\/td>\n<td>Maintains cell&#8217;s shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flagella<\/td>\n<td>Cellular locomotion<\/td>\n<td>Some<\/td>\n<td>Some<\/td>\n<td>No, except for some plant sperm cells.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cilia<\/td>\n<td>Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and filtration<\/td>\n<td>Some<\/td>\n<td>Some<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Plasma membrane<\/td>\n<td>Separates cell from external environment; controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen, and wastes into and out of cell<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cell wall<\/td>\n<td>Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape<\/td>\n<td>Yes, primarily peptidoglycan<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>Yes, primarily cellulose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291232186095349668\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>INHERITED DISEASES<\/h3>\n<p>Let\u2019s look back to our earlier disease list:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pompe Disease:<\/strong> characterized by excess accumulation of glycogen in muscle cells<\/li>\n<li><strong>Leigh Disease:<\/strong> progressive disorder of lesions (dead or dying cells) in the brain<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy:<\/strong> wasting and weakness in muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, and calf muscles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The following organelles are what cause the each disorder. As you explore the different websites that highlight each disease, think about how the function of these organelles directly relates to the disease symptoms.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pompe.com\/en\/patients\/about\/classifying\/about-lsd.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pompe disease<\/a>: lysosomes<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mitochondrialdiseases.org\/mitochondrial-disease\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leigh\u2019s Disease<\/a>: mitochondria<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mda.org\/disease\/emery-dreifuss-muscular-dystrophy\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy<\/a>: nuclear envelope<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Flashcards<\/h2>\n<div id=\"post-5203\" class=\"standard post-5203 chapter type-chapter status-publish hentry\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>It is tempting to view different topics as completely separate, but in fact the ideas we cover in this course are often connected to one another. If you don\u2019t retain the vocabulary from module to module, those connections can be missed. As you continue on, remember to come back and review the terms you\u2019ve learned in order to increase your depth of knowledge.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291219601618831688\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1919\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Biology 2e. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":19,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Biology 2e\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"61bc5a3e-534c-4e20-bd01-ba74e5f583fe","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1919","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":103,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5892,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1919\/revisions\/5892"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/103"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1919\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1919"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1919"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}